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<document id="A321A8F42EE5EB54BE0BC24E4EBE24E9" ID-CLB-Dataset="21918" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="af0a7e60-adc6-4896-8544-63725501fa13" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3856493" ID-ZooBank="D6CC1683-8BF0-4ABF-ABFE-3EC63E66AE5C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590138264658" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Suárez, William" docDate="2020" docId="039EF96AFFE42275ED83FABFFCC7FE33" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4780.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4780 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caracara creightoni Brodkorb 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFA78112FFFB2257ED14FFF7FFB9FFB8" masterDocTitle="The fossil avifauna of the tar seeps Las Breas de San Felipe, Matanzas, Cuba" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698840883311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C213CCFA4A5C51694ACD2264DB9B897B">The fossil avifauna of the tar seeps Las Breas de San Felipe, Matanzas, Cuba</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8800657934644AEC7F9D1077442A02E9">Suárez, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BA745E7BAA011B426CFCA407B787FBCB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C09E5113E21A4A2080BA7990115D4CE6">2020-05-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6DCC18AF2B35AA4C43002573FD1191AF">4780</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BFE00890FC8B80C9F57021CFA61FFF27">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AE51EA37757FBD7C2E1579451CC530D7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039EF96AFFE42275ED83FABFFCC7FE33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3856816" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3856816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EF96AFFE42275ED83FABFFCC7FE33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EF96AFFE42275ED83FABFFCC7FE33" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C32D1BF7FFE42248ED83FABFFD3BFA3E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFE42248ED83FABFFDC1FADA" blockId="31.[151,642,1352,1451]" box="[151,632,1352,1379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0C0FF10FFE42248ED83FABFFDC1FADA" bold="true" box="[151,632,1352,1379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248ED83FABFFDC1FADA" bold="true" box="[151,632,1352,1379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
†
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248EDB2FABEFDC1FADA" authority="Brodkorb, 1959 b" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[166,632,1352,1379]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248EDB2FABEFE22FADA" bold="true" box="[166,411,1352,1379]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Caracara creightoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFE42248ECB6FABEFDC1FADA" author="Brodkorb, P." box="[418,632,1352,1379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="349 - 371" refId="ref25210" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1959 b) Pleistocene birds from New Providence Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 4, 349 - 371." type="journal article" year="1959">Brodkorb, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFE42248ED83FA9BFD3BFA3E" blockId="31.[151,642,1352,1451]" box="[151,642,1388,1415]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Bahaman
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248EC1CFA9AFED6FA3F" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1826" box="[264,367,1389,1415]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caracara</taxonomicName>
; Caraira de las
<collectingCountry id="F32008ECFFE42248EF0FFA9BFD3BFA3E" box="[539,642,1388,1414]" name="Bahamas" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D1BF7FFE42248ED83FA67FE0FFA13" box="[151,438,1424,1451]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFE42248ED83FA67FE0FFA13" blockId="31.[151,642,1352,1451]" box="[151,438,1424,1451]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="130C54F9FFE42248ED8BFA67FEA8FA13" box="[159,273,1424,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[216,1375,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[205,1383,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Caracara creightoni: Rostrum (MNHNCu 75.4742) in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views; left humerus (MNHNCu 75.4817) in anterior/cranial view (C); left humerus (MNHNCu 75.4818) in anterior/cranial view (D); left carpometacarpus (MNHNCu 75.4819) in ventral view (E); right tarsometatarsus (MNHNCu 75.4820) in anterior view (F). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3856517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3856517/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figure 13</figureCitation>
: A–F; Table 8)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D1BF7FFE42248ED83FA39FC45FA5E" box="[151,1020,1485,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFE42248ED83FA39FC45FA5E" blockId="31.[151,1020,1485,1510]" box="[151,1020,1485,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248ED83FA39FDA4FA5E" authority="Brodkorb, 1959 b" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,541,1485,1510]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248ED83FA39FEDEFA5E" box="[151,359,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Caracara creightoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFE42248EC7AFA3AFDA4FA5E" author="Brodkorb, P." box="[366,541,1485,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="349 - 371" refId="ref25210" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1959 b) Pleistocene birds from New Providence Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 4, 349 - 371." type="journal article" year="1959">Brodkorb, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Bull.
<collectingRegion id="49F3869EFFE42248EF74FA3AFD5BFA5E" box="[608,738,1485,1510]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Florida State</collectingRegion>
Mus., Vol. 4, no.11, p. 353.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D1BF7FFE42248ED83F9FAFE01F80C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFE42248ED83F9FAFE01F80C" blockId="31.[151,1436,1549,2045]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248ED83F9FAFEC1F990" bold="true" box="[151,376,1549,1576]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Referred material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5F4221FFE42248EC95F9F9FE0DF80C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622603301" collectionCode="II" collectorName="San Felipe I &amp; Premaxillary" latitude="75.482" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="75.4827" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="26C22DAAFFE42248EC95F9F9FDA9F990" box="[385,528,1550,1576]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">San Felipe I</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="26C22DAAFFE42248EF0AF9F9FD09F990" box="[542,688,1550,1576]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Premaxillary</collectorName>
, MNHNCu 75.4742; shaft of right humerus, MNHNCu 75.4759; left humerus without proximal end, MNHNCu 75.4817; proximal half of left humerus, MNHNCu 75.4818; left carpometacarpus, MNHNCu 75.4819; distal halves of right tibiotarsi, MNHNCu 75.4852-4853; distal ends of right tibiotarsi, MNHNCu 75.4854-4856; shaft of left tibiotarsus, MNHNCu 75.4851; right tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu
<geoCoordinate id="EE032EBBFFE42248ED83F96AFF4CF900" box="[151,245,1693,1720]" degrees="75.4820" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="5" value="75.482">75.4820</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE032EBBFFE42248EC15F96AFED9F900" box="[257,352,1693,1720]" degrees="75.4827" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="5" value="75.4827">75.4827</geoCoordinate>
-4828; proximal halves of right tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4844-4847; proximal ends of right tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4848-4850; right tarsometatarsi without proximal ends, MNHNCu 75.4829-4831; distal end of right tarsometatarsus, MNHNCu 75.4839; left tarsometatarsus without distal end, MNHNCu 75.4840; proximal ends of left tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4841-4843; distal halves of left tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4832-4835; distal ends of left tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4836-4838. San Felipe
<collectionCode id="ED26D0B9FFE42248E960F8D9FB33F8F0" box="[1140,1162,1838,1864]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">II</collectionCode>
: Fragmentary notarium, MNHNCu 75.4579; distal ends of right tibiotarsi, MNHNCu 75.4584-4585; distal ends of left tibiotarsi, MNHN- Cu 75.4580-4583; distal ends of right tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4586-4591; distal ends of left tarsometatarsi, MNHNCu 75.4592-4593
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D1BF7FFE42277EDD3F84AFB97FDA3" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFE42277EDD3F84AFB97FDA3" blockId="31.[151,1436,1549,2045]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,153,539]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248EDD3F84AFEE0F860" bold="true" box="[199,345,1981,2008]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248EC74F849FCA9F860" authority="Brodkorb, 1959 b" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[352,784,1981,2008]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248EC74F849FDFFF860" box="[352,582,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Caracara creightoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFE42248EF59F849FCA9F860" author="Brodkorb, P." box="[589,784,1981,2008]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="349 - 371" refId="ref25210" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1959 b) Pleistocene birds from New Providence Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 4, 349 - 371." type="journal article" year="1959">Brodkorb, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248EEBCF849FAA1F860" authority="(von Jacquin, 1784)" baseAuthorityName="von Jacquin" baseAuthorityYear="1784" box="[936,1304,1982,2008]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheriway">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248EEBCF849FC02F860" box="[936,955,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248EEDDF849FB89F860" box="[969,1072,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">cheriway</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFE42248E92AF849FAA8F860" author="von Jacquin, J. F." box="[1086,1297,1982,2008]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="17" refId="ref27636" refString="von Jacquin, J. F. (1784) [Falco cheriway]. Beytra ¨ ge zur Geschichte der Vo ¨ gel, 1784, 17. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49548" type="journal article" year="1784">von Jacquin, 1784</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248E830F849FED2F844" authority="(J. F. Miller, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="J. F. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1777" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plancus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248E830F849FA8EF860" box="[1316,1335,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248E851F849FA25F860" box="[1349,1436,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">plancus</emphasis>
(J. F.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFE42248EDC2F815FEDAF844" author="Miller, J. F." box="[214,355,2018,2044]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="17" refId="ref28694" refString="Miller, J. F. (1777) [Falco plancus]. V arious subjects of Natural History, wherein are delineated Birds, Animals and many curious Plants, &amp; c, 3, pl. 17." type="journal article" year="1777">Miller, 1777</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFE42248ECB7F815FD77F845" authority="(Ridgway, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Ridgway" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[419,718,2018,2045]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutosa">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248ECB7F815FE0FF844" box="[419,438,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFE42248ECD1F815FDB0F844" box="[453,521,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">lutosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFE42248EF0CF815FD7CF845" author="Ridgway, R." box="[536,709,2018,2045]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="459" refId="ref29978" refString="Ridgway, R. (1876) [Polyborus lutosus]. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1, 459." type="journal article" year="1876">Ridgway, 1876</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in being of smaller size, but it is slightly large and more robust compared with the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277ECD7FF6EFCF6FF0B" authority="Suarez &amp; Olson, 2014" authorityName="Suarez &amp; Olson" authorityYear="2014" box="[451,847,153,179]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seymouri">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277ECD7FF6EFE6FFF0B" box="[451,470,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277ECF0FF6DFDF2FF0B" box="[484,587,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">seymouri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EF46FF6EFCF6FF0B" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[594,847,153,179]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref31442" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2014) A new fossil species of small crested caracara (Aves: Falconidae: Caracara) from the Pacific lowlands of western South America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127, 299 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 127.2.299" type="journal article" year="2014">Suárez &amp; Olson, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from South America. Qualitative characters include a large and high premaxillary, laterally compressed (ventral view), with very rounded dorsal arch (lateral view). Dorsally, culmen and bridge (between nasal openings) wide. Distance between nasal openings (which are wide and ovoid in
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EDEAFEF2FED2FEA7" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1826" box="[254,363,261,287]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EDEAFEF2FED2FEA7" box="[254,363,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caracara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, circular in species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EF7BFEF2FD75FEA7" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[623,716,261,287]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Milvago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EF7BFEF2FD75FEA7" box="[623,716,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Milvago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and tomium, deeper than in the other species. Ulna with large anterior articular ligament scar, tibiotarsus with long fibular crest and wide intercondylar groove. Notarium differs from species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EC44FEBAFE14FEDF" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[336,429,333,359]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Milvago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EC44FEBAFE14FEDF" box="[336,429,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Milvago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of vertebrae with less bilateral compression. Humerus smaller, with narrow capital groove, rather than wide, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EF85FE86FD57FE33" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[657,750,369,395]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Milvago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EF85FE86FD57FE33" box="[657,750,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Milvago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Femur smaller, with shaft thinner at midpoint and well flared at proximal and distal ends. Femoral head less projected proximad, pneumatic foramen large, narrow and more vertical external condyle, and wide intercondylar groove. Tarsometatarsus shorter and relatively robust, with reduced trochlea metatarsi II and not rotated posteriad (large and posteriad rotated in
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EEFAFE2AFB71FE4F" baseAuthorityName="von Jacquin" baseAuthorityYear="1784" box="[1006,1224,477,503]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheriway">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EEFAFE2AFB71FE4F" box="[1006,1224,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caracara cheriway</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277E9C2FE2AFAF4FE4F" baseAuthorityName="J. F. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1238,1357,477,503]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plancus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E9C2FE2AFB50FE4F" box="[1238,1257,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E9E2FE2AFAF4FE4F" box="[1270,1357,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">plancus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277E897FE2AFF62FDA3" baseAuthorityName="Ridgway" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutosa">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E897FE2AFA2FFE4F" box="[1411,1430,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277ED83FDF6FF62FDA3" box="[151,219,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lutosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). These characters have been described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EFD6FDF6FC77FDA3" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[706,974,513,539]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref31066" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2001 b) Further characterization of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb based on fossils from the Quaternary of Cuba (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez &amp; Olson (2001b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EECDFDF6FB9BFDA3" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[985,1058,513,539]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 307" refId="ref31202" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2003 c) A new species of caracara (Milvago) from Quaternary asphalt deposits in Cuba, with notes on new material of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 301 - 307." type="journal article" year="2003">2003c</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<tableNote id="76D149F2FFDB2277ED83FDB5FD18FD38" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[163,1358,664,1823]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFDB2277ED83FDB5FA25FDE4" blockId="32.[151,1436,578,640]" box="[151,1436,578,604]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277ED83FDB5FEB4FDE4" bold="true" box="[151,269,578,604]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
Measurements (mm) in species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EF94FDB3FCFAFDE3" authority="Merrem" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1826" box="[640,835,580,603]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EF94FDB3FD51FDE3" box="[640,744,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caracara</emphasis>
Merrem
</taxonomicName>
compared with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277E95DFDB3FB6DFDE4" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[1097,1236,580,604]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E95DFDB3FBE2FDE3" box="[1097,1115,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E973FDB3FB6DFDE4" box="[1127,1236,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">creightoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Las Breas de
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFDB2277ED83FD9FFD18FD38" blockId="32.[151,1436,578,640]" box="[151,673,616,640]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">San Felipe. Sequence: range (mean) sample size.</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFDB2277EDB7FD6EFAF8F8A7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<table id="F937BADCFFDBDDA8EDB7FD6FFAF7F8A7" box="[163,1358,664,1823]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<tr id="35074A3EFFDBDDA8EDB7FD6FFAF7FD09" box="[163,1358,664,689]" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EDB7FD6FFE4AFD09" box="[163,499,664,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ELEMENT AND CHARACTER</th>
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EF28FD6FFD41FD09" box="[572,760,664,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EF28FD6EFD78FD08" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[572,705,664,688]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EF28FD6EFD78FD08" box="[572,705,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. creightoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EE59FD6FFBADFD09" box="[845,1044,664,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277EE59FD6EFC71FD08" baseAuthorityName="von Jacquin" baseAuthorityYear="1784" box="[845,968,664,688]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheriway">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EE59FD6EFC71FD08" box="[845,968,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. cheriway</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8E991FD6FFAF7FD09" box="[1157,1358,664,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277E991FD6EFB4BFD08" baseAuthorityName="J. F. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1157,1266,664,688]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plancus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E991FD6EFB4BFD08" box="[1157,1266,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. plancus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35074A3EFFDBDDA8EDB7FD3AFAF7FCC1" box="[163,1358,717,889]" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EDB7FD3AFE4AFCC1" box="[163,499,717,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">PREMAXILLA Nares-tomium depth Midpoint width Width of internarial bridge</th>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EF28FD3AFD41FCC1" box="[572,760,717,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">12.1 9.4 6.2</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EE59FD3AFBADFCC1" box="[845,1044,717,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">10.4–11.4 (11.0) 10 8.4–9.6 (9.3) 9 5.1–6.2 (5.7) 10</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8E991FD3AFAF7FCC1" box="[1157,1358,717,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">9.7–12.1 (10.8) 7 8.6–11.6 (10.0) 7 5.2–7.1 (6.1) 7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35074A3EFFDBDDA8EDB7FC34FAF7FB85" box="[163,1358,963,1085]" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EDB7FC34FE4AFB85" box="[163,499,963,1085]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">HUMERUS Depth of head Shaft width at midpoint</th>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EF28FC34FD41FB85" box="[572,760,963,1085]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">6.1 6.3–6.7 (6.6) 3</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EE59FC34FBADFB85" box="[845,1044,963,1085]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">5.9–7.2 (6.7) 13 7.3–8.3 (7.7) 12</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8E991FC34FAF7FB85" box="[1157,1358,963,1085]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">6.0–8.8 (7.1) 7 7.4–9.8 (8.3) 7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35074A3EFFDBDDA8EDB7FB7FFAF7FA8B" box="[163,1358,1160,1331]" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EDB7FB7FFE4AFA8B" box="[163,499,1160,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">CARPOMETACARPUS Total length Proximal width Proximal depth</th>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EF28FB7FFD41FA8B" box="[572,760,1160,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">51.3 4.9 12.8</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EE59FB7FFBADFA8B" box="[845,1044,1160,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">55.6–63.8 (61.9) 11 6.1–7.0 (6.6) 11 12.6–16.2 (15.0) 11</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8E991FB7FFAF7FA8B" box="[1157,1358,1160,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">59.9–75.5 (66.5) 6 6.3–8.3 (7.3) 6 14.2–19.9 (16.9) 6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35074A3EFFDBDDA8EDB7FA8AFAF7FA40" box="[163,1358,1405,1528]" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EDB7FA8AFE4AFA40" box="[163,499,1405,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">TIBIOTARSUS Minimum shaft width Distal width</th>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EF28FA8AFD41FA40" box="[572,760,1405,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">6.0–7.0 (6.4) 7 11.1–12.9 (12.0) 8</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EE59FA8AFBADFA40" box="[845,1044,1405,1528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">6.0–6.6 (6.3) 11 13.7–15.3 (14.7) 11</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8E991FA8AFAF7FA40" box="[1157,1358,1405,1528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">5.7–7.9 (7.1) 6 11.6–15.8 (14.3) 6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35074A3EFFDBDDA8EDB7F9B5FAF7F8A7" box="[163,1358,1602,1823]" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<th id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EDB7F9B5FE4AF8A7" box="[163,499,1602,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">TARSOMETATARSUS Total length Proximal width Minimum shaft width Distal width</th>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EF28F9B5FD41F8A7" box="[572,760,1602,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">81.6–86.7 (84.8) 3 11.8–13.8 (12.9) 7 5.3–5.9 (5.6) 12 13.5–15.2 (14.2) 8</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8EE59F9B5FBADF8A7" box="[845,1044,1602,1823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">85.8–97.3 (91.6) 11 12.3–13.6 (13.0) 11 5.1–5.7 (5.4) 11 12.6–16.2 (15.0) 11</td>
<td id="76D62342FFDBDDA8E991F9B5FAF7F8A7" box="[1157,1358,1602,1823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">87.5–108.0 (98.0) 6 12.4–16.0 (15.6) 6 4.8–6.7 (5.9) 6 14.2–19.9 (16.9) 6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C32D1BF7FFDB2275EDD3F8A5FCC7FE33" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B88487CFFDB2275EDD3F8A5FCC7FE33" blockId="32.[151,1437,1874,2045]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277EDD3F8A5FEF6F8D5" bold="true" box="[199,335,1874,1901]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Comments.</emphasis>
This is the most common raptor in Las Breas de San Felipe.
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277E912F8A4FB54F8D4" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[1030,1261,1874,1901]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E912F8A4FB54F8D4" box="[1030,1261,1874,1901]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caracara creightoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was originally described from New Providence, in
<collectingCountry id="F32008ECFFDB2277EF29F881FD68F828" box="[573,721,1910,1936]" name="Bahamas" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EFF6F881FC1DF829" author="Brodkorb, P." box="[738,932,1910,1937]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="349 - 371" refId="ref25210" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1959 b) Pleistocene birds from New Providence Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 4, 349 - 371." type="journal article" year="1959">Brodkorb 1959b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EEA6F881FB60F828" author="Olson, S. L. &amp; Hilgartner, W. B." box="[946,1241,1910,1936]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="22 - 56" refId="ref29528" refString="Olson, S. L. &amp; Hilgartner, W. B. (1982) Fossil and subfossil birds from the Bahamas. In: Olson, S. L. (Ed.), Fossil vertebrates from the Bahamas, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 48, pp. 22 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.48.1" type="journal article" year="1982">Olson &amp; Hilgartner 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277E9FCF881FF6AF80C" author="Steadman, D. W. &amp; Franz, R. &amp; Morgan, G. S. &amp; Albury, N. A. &amp; Kakuk, B. &amp; Broad, K. &amp; Franz, S. E. &amp; Tinker, K. &amp; Pateman, M. P. &amp; Lott, T. A. &amp; Jarzen, D. M. &amp; Dilcher, D. L." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="19897 - 19902" refId="ref30401" refString="Steadman, D. W., Franz, R., Morgan, G. S., Albury, N. A., Kakuk, B., Broad, K., Franz, S. E., Tinker, K., Pateman, M. P., Lott, T. A., Jarzen, D. M. &amp; Dilcher, D. L. (2007) Exceptionally well preserved late Quaternary plant and vertebrate fossils from a blue hole on Abaco, The Bahamas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 19897 - 19902. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0709572104" type="journal article" year="2007">
Steadman
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E875F880FA2CF828" box="[1377,1429,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), recorded in
<collectingCountry id="F32008ECFFDB2277EC7BF86DFE13F80C" box="[367,426,1946,1972]" name="Cuba" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277ECADF86DFD51F80C" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Arredondo, O." box="[441,744,1946,1972]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="100 - 102" refId="ref30893" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Arredondo, O. (1997) Nuevas adiciones a la paleornitologia cubana. El Pitirre, 10, 100 - 102." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez &amp; Arredondo 1997</bibRefCitation>
), redescribed on the basis of Cuban material and reported for the asphalt deposits treated here (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EF19F849FCABF860" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[525,786,1982,2008]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref31066" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2001 b) Further characterization of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb based on fossils from the Quaternary of Cuba (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez &amp; Olson 2001b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277EE09F849FCDFF860" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[797,870,1982,2008]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 307" refId="ref31202" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2003 c) A new species of caracara (Milvago) from Quaternary asphalt deposits in Cuba, with notes on new material of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 301 - 307." type="journal article" year="2003">2003c</bibRefCitation>
). Fossils of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFDB2277E94BF848FB75F861" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1826" box="[1119,1228,1983,2009]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFDB2277E94BF848FB75F861" box="[1119,1228,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caracara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
representing large species are known in the West Indies also from
<collectingCountry id="F32008ECFFDB2277EFB8F814FC88F844" box="[684,817,2018,2045]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
and Mona Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277E917F815FB14F844" author="Wetmore, A." box="[1027,1197,2018,2044]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="77 - 82" refId="ref32163" refString="Wetmore, A. (1920) Five new species of birds from cave deposits in Porto Rico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 33, 77 - 82." type="journal article" year="1920">Wetmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFDB2277E9ACF815FA87F844" author="Olson, S. L." box="[1208,1342,2018,2044]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="265 - 272" refId="ref29422" refString="Olson, S. L. (2008) A new species of large, terrestrial caracara from Holocene deposits in southern Jamaica (Aves: Falconidae). Journal of Raptor Research, 42, 265 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3356 / JRR- 08 - 18.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Olson 2008</bibRefCitation>
), Cay man Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EC38FF6EFE71FF0B" author="Morgan, G. S." box="[300,456,153,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref28908" refString="Morgan, G. S. (1977) Late Pleistocene fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Island. British West Indies. M. Sc. thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 260 pp. [unpublished]" type="book" year="1977">Morgan 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275ECC7FF6EFDB7FF0B" author="Morgan, G. S." box="[467,526,153,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="465 - 508" refId="ref28950" refString="Morgan, G. S. (1994) Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Islands. In: Brunt, M. A. &amp; Davies, J. E. (Eds.), The Cayman Islands: Natural History and Biogeography. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 465 - 508. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 0904 - 8 _ 22" type="book chapter" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EF0DFF6EFC8FFF0B" author="Olson, S. L. &amp; Hilgartner, W. B." box="[537,822,153,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="22 - 56" refId="ref29528" refString="Olson, S. L. &amp; Hilgartner, W. B. (1982) Fossil and subfossil birds from the Bahamas. In: Olson, S. L. (Ed.), Fossil vertebrates from the Bahamas, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 48, pp. 22 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.48.1" type="journal article" year="1982">Olson &amp; Hilgartner 1982</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32008ECFFD92275EE5DFF6EFC1AFF0B" box="[841,931,153,179]" name="Jamaica" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EEA6FF6EFB80FF0B" author="Olson, S. L." box="[946,1081,153,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="265 - 272" refId="ref29422" refString="Olson, S. L. (2008) A new species of large, terrestrial caracara from Holocene deposits in southern Jamaica (Aves: Falconidae). Journal of Raptor Research, 42, 265 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3356 / JRR- 08 - 18.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Olson 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and Hispaniola (Olson comm. pers. 2007), evidencing a greater distribution in the Antillean Subregion during the past (see summary of species in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275ED83FF16FE28FF43" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[151,401,225,251]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="299 - 310" refId="ref31442" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2014) A new fossil species of small crested caracara (Aves: Falconidae: Caracara) from the Pacific lowlands of western South America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 127, 299 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 127.2.299" type="journal article" year="2014">Suárez &amp; Olson 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The
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material, identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFD92275EE85FF16FB9CFF43" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" box="[913,1061,225,251]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFD92275EE85FF16FC1DFF43" box="[913,932,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFD92275EEA7FF16FB9CFF43" box="[947,1061,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">creightoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275E976FF16FB44FF43" author="Morgan, G. S." box="[1122,1277,225,251]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref28908" refString="Morgan, G. S. (1977) Late Pleistocene fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Island. British West Indies. M. Sc. thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 260 pp. [unpublished]" type="book" year="1977">Morgan 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275E81DFF16FAFCFF43" author="Morgan, G. S." box="[1289,1349,225,251]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="465 - 508" refId="ref28950" refString="Morgan, G. S. (1994) Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates from the Cayman Islands. In: Brunt, M. A. &amp; Davies, J. E. (Eds.), The Cayman Islands: Natural History and Biogeography. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 465 - 508. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 0904 - 8 _ 22" type="book chapter" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
), represents a different species, larger in size (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EF58FEF2FCF6FEA7" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[588,847,261,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref31066" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2001 b) Further characterization of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb based on fossils from the Quaternary of Cuba (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez &amp; Olson 2001b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EE4EFEF2FC1BFEA7" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[858,930,261,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="301 - 307" refId="ref31202" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2003 c) A new species of caracara (Milvago) from Quaternary asphalt deposits in Cuba, with notes on new material of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 301 - 307." type="journal article" year="2003">2003c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EEB9FEF2FB8AFEA7" author="Olson, S. L." box="[941,1075,261,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="265 - 272" refId="ref29422" refString="Olson, S. L. (2008) A new species of large, terrestrial caracara from Holocene deposits in southern Jamaica (Aves: Falconidae). Journal of Raptor Research, 42, 265 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.3356 / JRR- 08 - 18.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Olson 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
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considered
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFD92275ED83FEDEFF4DFEFB" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,244,297,323]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Milvago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFD92275ED83FEDEFF4DFEFB" box="[151,244,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Milvago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., registered only for cave deposits in
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EE37FEDEFBE6FEFB" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Arredondo, O." box="[803,1119,297,323]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="100 - 102" refId="ref30893" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Arredondo, O. (1997) Nuevas adiciones a la paleornitologia cubana. El Pitirre, 10, 100 - 102." type="journal article" year="1997">Suárez &amp; Arredondo (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3733FFFFD92275E83FFEDEFF7AFEDF" authorityName="Brodkorb" authorityYear="1959" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Caracara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creightoni">
<emphasis id="B943946EFFD92275E83FFEDEFA87FEFB" box="[1323,1342,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943946EFFD92275E858FEDEFF7AFEDF" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">creightoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mentioning
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6358DFFD92275EC42FEBAFD21FEDF" author="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L." box="[342,664,332,359]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="301 - 307" refId="ref31202" refString="Suarez, W. &amp; Olson, S. L. (2003 c) A new species of caracara (Milvago) from Quaternary asphalt deposits in Cuba, with notes on new material of Caracara creightoni Brodkorb (Aves: Falconidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 301 - 307." type="journal article" year="2003">Suárez &amp; Olson (2003c:305)</bibRefCitation>
as proponents of this synonymy. This statement is false, since it does not exist in the cited literature, nor was it proposed by the authors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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