treatments-xml/data/03/9E/B7/039EB727FF8CFFB07FE882E4C888F9B7.xml
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<mods:title id="41955BBDB6B8FFC7F05E32A38016747A">Comparative morphology of rostral cartilages in extant mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes, Lamnidae) using CT scanning</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EED76D5723019A6AD2964EC49E9A898C">Mollen, Frederik H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A10D3D6CE4F6E172C4619233771B193D">Iglésias, Samuel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF9723C1C295B41FAB667AE7C8FD9F25">Van, Sean R.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0C0B15DFF8CFFB07FE882E4C8D5FB3A" bold="true" box="[151,435,1224,1249]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C377DB2FF8CFFB07FE882E4C8D5FB3A" ID-CoL="5WZLF" box="[151,435,1224,1249]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Carcharodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcharias">
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07FE882E4C8D5FB3A" bold="true" box="[151,435,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Carcharodon carcharias</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B880631FF8CFFB07FE882C1CA86FAF3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1224,1645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07FE882C1C827FADE" box="[151,321,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Fresh material</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D31CDB8FF8CFFB07E2B82C0C8BCFADF" box="[340,474,1260,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, ERB 0 932 (=
<collectionCode id="ED269EF4FF8CFFB07DED82C0CB8BFADF" box="[658,749,1260,1284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/waxe-gcn1" name="KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">KZNSB</collectionCode>
UMT 07015), female,
<quantity id="4CCFABD4FF8CFFB07B7982C0CD13FADF" box="[1030,1141,1260,1284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2120.0">2120 mm</quantity>
TL,
<date id="FF8920F1FF8CFFB07BCB82C0CCFEFADF" box="[1204,1432,1260,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" value="2007-11-26">26 November 2007</date>
, protective gill nets off Umtentweni,
<collectingCountry id="F32046A1FF8CFFB07D51833CCBA7FAF3" box="[558,705,1296,1320]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, southwest Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B880631FF8CFFB07FB88319CC40FA07" blockId="2.[151,1436,1224,1645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07FB88319C8CFFA96" box="[199,425,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Additional material</emphasis>
: one set of transverse views through rostrum based on CT scans (unpublished data, courtesy of K. Shimada) of a female,
<collectionCode id="ED269EF4FF8CFFB07D428375CBE8FAAB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[573,654,1369,1392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">FMNH</collectionCode>
38335, c.
<quantity id="4CCFABD4FF8CFFB07C7B8374CA09FAAB" box="[772,879,1368,1392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7139999999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2714.0">2714 mm</quantity>
TL (based on crown height of first anterior teeth, following the method described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07D3E8350CB8AFA4F" author="Shimada" box="[577,748,1404,1428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Shimada, K. (2003) The relationship between the tooth size and total body length in the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae). Journal of Fossil Research, 35, 28 - 33." type="journal article" year="2003">Shimada 2003</bibRefCitation>
), off southern Florida,
<collectingCountry id="F32046A1FF8CFFB07B7B8350CD59FA4F" box="[1028,1087,1404,1428]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
, Atlantic Ocean, and 2 dried chondrocrania, IRScNB 1385γ, no data, Mediterranean;
<collectionCode id="ED269EF4FF8CFFB07C5D838CCA18FA63" box="[802,894,1440,1464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/waxe-gcn1" name="KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">KZNSB</collectionCode>
unlabelled, female, c.
<quantity id="4CCFABD4FF8CFFB07BF7838CCD90FA63" box="[1160,1270,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7399999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3740.0">3740 mm</quantity>
TL (based on skeleton), date unknown, protective gill nets off KwaZulu-Natal,
<collectingCountry id="F32046A1FF8CFFB07C0C83E8CD61FA07" box="[883,1031,1476,1500]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, southwest Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07FB883C4C8ABF9DB" box="[199,461,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Additional illustrations</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07EA383C4CA58F9DB" author="Haswell" box="[476,830,1512,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1884) Studies on the elasmobranch skeleton. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 71 - 119, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1884">Haswell (1884, pl. 1, figs. 12)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07C3383C4CA86F9DB" author="Parker" box="[844,992,1512,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Parker, T. J. (1887) Notes on Carcharodon rondeletii. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1887, 27 - 41, 5 pls." type="proceedings paper" year="1887">Parker [1887</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 4, figs. 1, 3; pl. 5, unnumbered fig. (upper part of plate only);
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07EBB8022C888F9FE" box="[452,494,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">non</emphasis>
pl. 8, figs. 2425, misidentified by the author, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07B4D8020CDB1F9FF" author="Francis" box="[1074,1239,1548,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Francis, M. P. (1996) Observations on a pregnant white shark with a review of reproductive biology. In: Klimley, A. P. &amp; Ainley, D. G. (Eds), Great white sharks, the biology of Carcharodon carcharias. Academic Press, San Diego, 157 - 172." type="book chapter" year="1996">Francis (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07A6F8020C980F993" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Mollet, H. F., Testi, A. D., Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Francis, M. P. (2002) Re-identification of a lamnid shark embryo. Fishery Bulletin, 100, 865 - 875." type="journal article">
Mollet
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07A1C8022CCFAF9FE" box="[1379,1436,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
],
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07F86801CCBC3F993" author="Compagno" box="[249,677,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1990) Relationships of the megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagios (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae), with comments on its feeding habits. In: Pratt, H. L., Gruber, S. H. &amp; Taniuchi, T. (Eds), Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical report NMFS, 90, 357 - 379." type="journal article" year="1990">Compagno (1990, figs. 3G, 5J, 6J, 7J)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07DCD801CCAC2F993" author="Gottfried" box="[690,932,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Gottfried, M. D., Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; Bowman, S. C. (1996) Size and skeletal anatomy of the giant &quot; megatooth &quot; shark Carcharodon megalodon. In: Klimley, A. P. &amp; Ainley, D. G. (Eds), Great white sharks, the biology of Carcharodon carcharias. Academic Press, San Diego, 55 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1996">
Gottfried
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07C5F801DCA3FF993" box="[800,857,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(1996
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5B),
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07B69801DCDB9F993" author="Wroe" box="[1046,1247,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Wroe, S., Huber, D. R., Lowry, M., McHenry, C., Moreno, K., Clausen, P., Ferrara, T. L., Cunningham, E., Dean, M. N. &amp; Summers, A. P. (2008) Three-dimensional computer analysis of white shark jaw mechanics: how hard can a great white bite? Journal of Zoology, 276, 336 - 342." type="journal article" year="2008">
Wroe
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07B24801DCDF2F993" box="[1115,1172,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2008
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1AB), and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA67BC0FF8CFFB07FE88078C8E5F9B7" author="Shimada" box="[151,387,1620,1645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Shimada, K., Rigsby, C. K. &amp; Kim, S. H. (2009) Labial cartilages in the smalltooth sandtiger shark, Odontaspis ferox (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae) and their significance to the phylogeny of lamniform sharks. The Anatomical Record, 292, 813 - 817." type="journal article" year="2009">
Shimada
<emphasis id="B943DA23FF8CFFB07E7F807AC85EF9B6" box="[256,312,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2009
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2D).
</paragraph>
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