358 lines
44 KiB
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358 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="B6BC894414BF631F51E6B7BE8C09F16F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3624.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5260912" ID-ZooBank="940B865F-D618-49E0-8762-9986F55F5F10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629844722765" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rodríguez, Estefanía & López-González, Pablo J." docDate="2013" docId="039E87F61119CB646FFBFE83FD6D80BE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03624p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3624 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3624.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Actinostola crassicornis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFA7FF8E1132CB496F6CFFEFFFB08501" masterDocTitle="<strong> New records of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, and Scotia Arc </ strong>" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1699120248524" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F893F77D4E0F362FD9ED9322493AE03C"><strong> New records of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, and Scotia Arc </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC9D04D3465405F10664973BCEC1AFDC">Rodríguez, Estefanía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F51F0EC5B82D8C3935E5D437FA79536E" type="email">erodriguez@amnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C32A431CB7562C1E5E1E22BDEDFCFDB0">López-González, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C9482C5A7EA220782AF2B809213B77F7" type="email">erodriguez@amnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7EF2183D8E544FD4C21DB4ACACEAD864">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="996198F0A273B8A6005013B0FF03AE21">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3B0E2651DA0CD177C4C4B38284C8C66">2013-03-11</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039E87F61119CB646FFBFE83FD6D80BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87F61119CB646FFBFE83FD6D80BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87F61119CB646FFBFE83FD6D80BE" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C32D656B1119CB626FFBFE83FD328484" box="[151,642,363,390]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFE83FD328484" blockId="43.[151,642,363,422]" box="[151,642,363,390]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0C0818C1119CB626FFBFE83FD328484" bold="true" box="[151,642,363,390]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FFBFE83FD328484" ID-CoL="64PB9" authority="(Hertwig, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,642,363,390]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFE83FD328484" bold="true" box="[151,642,363,390]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFE83FE088487" bold="true" box="[151,440,364,390]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
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(Hertwig, 1882)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D656B1119CB626FFBFE61FDFD84A7" box="[151,589,398,422]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFE61FDFD84A7" blockId="43.[151,642,363,422]" box="[151,589,398,422]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130C2A651119CB626FF3FE61FF4D84A7" box="[159,253,398,422]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,183,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-91@30.[151,1436,175,1861]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Distribution map of species. a) Isotealia antarctica Carlgren, 1899. b) Capnea georgiana (Carlgren, 1927). c) Stephanthus antarcticus Rodríguez & López-González, 2003. d) Liponema multiporum Hertwig, 1882. e) Dactylanthus antarcticus (Clubb, 1908). f) Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig, 1882). Green triangles, type locality; green circles, previous localities; red circles, localities from this study; yellow circles, localities from this study from underwater photography survey; dark line, Subtropical Front; light line, Polar Front." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5260942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5260942/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130C2A651119CB626E65FE61FEE184A7" box="[265,337,398,422]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 23" captionStart-1="FIGURE 24" captionStartId-0="43.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,250,1698,1721]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,804,1870]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1414,209,1650]" captionTargetId-0="figure-149@43.[151,1436,804,1870]" captionTargetId-1="figure-97@44.[151,1436,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionText-0="FIGURE 23. External anatomy of Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig, 1882). a) Oral view of living specimen [AMNH-4704]. b) View of the pedal disc and distal margin of the column of living specimen [AMNH-4704]. c–d) Lateral view of preserved specimen [AMNH-4698]. Scale bars: a–d, 30 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 24. Cnidae of Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig, 1882). a, b, d, g, i) Basitrichs. c) Spirocyst. e, h, j, k) Microbasic p- mastigophores. f) Microbasic b-mastigophore." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5260960" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5260962" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5260960/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5260962/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">23–24</figureCitation>
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; Table 10; Appx. 1, 2)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D656B1119CB626FFBFE38FDF78787" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFE38FC3884ED" blockId="43.[151,987,470,646]" box="[151,904,470,492]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FFBFE38FDA784ED" ID-CoL="386TG" authority="Hertwig, 1882 a" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,535,470,492]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFE38FEC084ED" box="[151,368,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dysactis crassicornis</emphasis>
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Hertwig, 1882a
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</taxonomicName>
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, b;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626D57FE39FD7A84ED" author="Hertwig, R." box="[571,714,470,492]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref44964" refString="Hertwig, R. (1888) Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Supplement. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76 (Zoology), 26 (3), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1888">Hertwig 1888</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626DB8FE39FC3584ED" author="McMurrich, J. P." box="[724,901,470,492]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="119 - 216" refId="ref45266" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1893) Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887 - 1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16 (930), 119 - 216." type="journal article" year="1893">McMurrich 1893</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFE1AFC6B870A" blockId="43.[151,987,470,646]" box="[151,987,501,523]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FFBFE1AFD9D870A" ID-CoL="64PB9" authority=": Carlgren 1927" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,557,501,523]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFE1AFE3C870A" box="[151,396,501,523]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
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: Carlgren 1927
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626D54FE1AFD7C870A" author="Carlgren, O." box="[568,716,501,523]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref43299" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 4, 1 (1), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren 1949</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Riemann-Zürneck 1978a.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFDFBFC978728" blockId="43.[151,987,470,646]" box="[151,807,531,554]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FFBFDFBFDA78728" ID-CoL="64PB8" authority="McMurrich, 1893" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,535,531,554]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excelsa">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFDFBFEEB872B" box="[151,347,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola excelsa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626E0DFDFCFDA78728" author="McMurrich, J. P." box="[353,535,531,553]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="119 - 216" refId="ref45266" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1893) Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887 - 1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16 (930), 119 - 216." type="journal article" year="1893">McMurrich, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Riemann-Zürneck 1978b.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFDDDFCC78749" blockId="43.[151,987,470,646]" box="[151,887,562,584]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FFBFDDDFDD88749" ID-CoL="64PCG" authority="McMurrich, 1893" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,616,562,584]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pergamentacea">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFDDDFE1B8749" box="[151,427,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola pergamentacea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626EDEFDDDFDD88749" author="McMurrich, J. P." box="[434,616,562,584]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="119 - 216" refId="ref45266" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1893) Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887 - 1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16 (930), 119 - 216." type="journal article" year="1893">McMurrich, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Riemann-Zürneck 1978a.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFDBEFCC98766" blockId="43.[151,987,470,646]" box="[151,889,593,615]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FC3FDBEFD888766" ID-CoL="RRJN" authority="Carlgren, 1899" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1899" box="[175,568,593,615]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FC3FDBEFE268766" box="[175,406,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola intermedia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626EF0FDBEFD888766" author="Carlgren, O." box="[412,568,593,615]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref42734" refString="Carlgren, O. (1899) Zoantharien. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, 4 (1), 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1899">Carlgren, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Carlgren 1927;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626D8CFDBEFCC58766" author="Carlgren, O." box="[736,885,593,615]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref43299" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, series 4, 1 (1), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren 1949</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFD9FFDF78787" blockId="43.[151,987,470,646]" box="[151,583,624,646]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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||
non
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626FAFFD9FFDF38787" ID-CoL="64PB9" authority=": Fautin 1984" authorityName="Fautin" authorityYear="1984" box="[195,579,624,646]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
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||
<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FAFFD9FFE098787" box="[195,441,624,646]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B111119CB626EAAFD9FFDF38787" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[454,579,624,646]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref44236" refString="Fautin, D. G. (1984) More Antarctic and Subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria). Antarctic Research Series, 41, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1984">Fautin 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D656B1119CB656FFBFD5CFD86821A" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFD5CFE3E87CB" blockId="43.[151,1427,691,751]" box="[151,398,691,714]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MATERIAL EXAMINED</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBFD39FA2387EF" blockId="43.[151,1427,691,751]" box="[151,1427,726,751]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBFD39FEBF87EF" box="[151,271,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Polarstern</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3CBD1119CB626E79FD39FA3F87EF" box="[277,1423,726,751]" collectionCode="XIX" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="XIX/5" specimenCount="5">
|
||
ANT
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB919E9B1119CB626E3AFD39FE2E87EF" box="[342,414,726,750]" collectionCode="XIX" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">XIX/5</specimenCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626EC0FD38FDFC87EE" bold="true" box="[428,588,726,751]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">stn. PS61/150</emphasis>
|
||
(AMNH-4704,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D31FD691119CB626C6EFD39FC2187EF" box="[770,913,726,750]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626CC8FD38FBF487EE" bold="true" box="[932,1092,726,751]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">stn. PS61/153</emphasis>
|
||
(AMNH-4698,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D31FD691119CB626B95FD39FA3787EF" box="[1273,1415,726,750]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4866681119CB626FFBF88DFD2782B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5260960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5260960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5260960/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,250,1890,1913]" targetBox="[151,1436,804,1870]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E01119CB626FFBF88DFD2782B7" blockId="43.[151,1437,1890,1974]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626FFBF88DFE918278" bold="true" box="[151,289,1890,1913]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
External anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D631119CB626E93F88CFC138279" authority="(Hertwig, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[511,931,1890,1913]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF21119CB626E93F88CFD468279" box="[511,758,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hertwig, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. a) Oral view of living specimen [AMNH-4704]. b) View of the pedal disc and distal margin of the column of living specimen [AMNH-4704]. c–d) Lateral view of preserved specimen [AMNH-4698]. Scale bars: a–d, 30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF486668111ECB656FFBF94DFDDD83D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5260962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5260962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5260962/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,250,1698,1721]" targetBox="[162,1414,209,1650]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111ECB656FFBF94DFDDD83D6" blockId="44.[151,1436,1698,1751]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656FFBF94DFE9083B8" bold="true" box="[151,288,1698,1721]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111ECB656EE3F94CFC8183B9" authority="(Hertwig, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[399,817,1698,1721]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656EE3F94CFD3583B9" box="[399,645,1699,1721]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hertwig, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. a, b, d, g, i) Basitrichs. c) Spirocyst. e, h, j, k) Microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656AEBF94BFA2483B8" box="[1415,1428,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">p</emphasis>
|
||
- mastigophores. f) Microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656EAAF92EFE6383D6" box="[454,467,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111ECB656FFBF8EBFD86821A" blockId="44.[151,1436,1796,1964]" box="[151,566,1796,1820]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">COMPARATIVE MATERIAL EXAMINED</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D656B111ECB656FFBF8C6FC668265" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111ECB656FFBF8C6FC668265" blockId="44.[151,1436,1796,1964]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111ECB656FFBF8C6FDE08241" authority="(Hertwig, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,592,1832,1856]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Dysactis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656FFBF8C6FE3B8241" box="[151,395,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dysactis crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hertwig, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SMNH-Type-1183.
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8842111ECB656C2EF8C7FC1E8241" box="[834,942,1832,1856]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656CD0F8C8FC7A8241" bold="true" box="[956,970,1831,1856]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">“</emphasis>
|
||
Leg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656B6AF8C7FB388241" box="[1030,1160,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Challenger,</emphasis>
|
||
st. 313; 52ºS 68ºW, 55 fm”. Also labelled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111ECB656EE6F8A3FC628265" authority="(Hertwig, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[394,978,1868,1892]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis" subGenus="Dysactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656EE6F8A3FCA48265" box="[394,788,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Actinostola (Dysactis) crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hertwig, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D656B111ECB656FABF89FFD2E82AD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111ECB656FABF89FFD2E82AD" blockId="44.[151,1436,1796,1964]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111ECB656FABF89FFDCA8289" ID-CoL="RRJN" authority="Carlgren, 1899" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1899" box="[199,634,1904,1928]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111ECB656FABF89FFE778289" box="[199,455,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Actinostola intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3CBD111ECB656EA3F89FFDCA8289" box="[463,634,1904,1928]" elevation="150" location="The Strait of Magellaen" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="150" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111ECB656EA3F89FFDCA8289" author="Carlgren, O." box="[463,634,1904,1928]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref42734" refString="Carlgren, O. (1899) Zoantharien. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, 4 (1), 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1899">Carlgren, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SMNH-Type-1184.
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8842111ECB656C0AF89FFC628289" box="[870,978,1904,1928]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. “
|
||
<location id="8EE8603B111ECB656C8BF89FFB488289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87F61119CB646FFBFE83FD6D80BE:8EE8603B111ECB656C8BF89FFB488289" box="[999,1272,1904,1928]" name="The Strait of Magellaen" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">The Strait of Magellaen</location>
|
||
, Cap. Vicente,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D31FD69111ECB656FFBF87BFF5582AA" box="[151,229,1940,1964]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B05111ECB656FFBF87BFF5182AA" box="[151,225,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001AD1D3111ECB656FFBF87BFF5182AA" box="[151,225,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Dead shell and stone bottom, Leg. ¿?”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D656B111FCB646FFBFF77FD1F87A6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FFBFF77FEA485AE" blockId="45.[151,1436,152,608]" box="[151,276,152,175]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FFBFF53FB6A875E" blockId="45.[151,1436,152,608]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Pedal disc well developed, flat, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B05111FCB646D4CFF53FDDF85D2" box="[544,623,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. Column smooth, tough, cylindrical or funnel-shaped, slightly wider distally than proximally, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B05111FCB646D72FF30FDDE85F6" box="[542,622,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B05111FCB646C79FF30FCD685F6" box="[789,870,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
height in preserved specimens, not divisible into regions. Oral disc very wide, flat, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B05111FCB646D5EFEEBFD30841A" box="[562,640,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. Living specimens with white column; tentacles and oral disc with irregular dark red spots; preserved specimens retain red colour of oral disc and tentacles. Tentacles to 190, restricted to column margin, inner longer than outer ones. Marginal sphincter muscle mesogleal, very weak, diffuse and long. More mesenteries proximally than distally. Mesenteries thin, arranged in five cycles; first and second cycles perfect and sterile, rest imperfect and fertile; fourth and fifth cycles arranged according to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646A70FE7BFA2B84AD" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1308,1435,404,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646A70FE7BFA2B84AD" box="[1308,1435,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Actinostola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rule (mesenteries of pair developed unequally; one facing the precedent cycle more developed). Retractor muscles weak, diffuse; parietobasilar muscles poorly developed. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles mesogleal. Juveniles internally brooded in coelenteron. Cnidom: Spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646B10FDEFFB3A8719" box="[1148,1162,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">b</emphasis>
|
||
- and
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646BB6FDEEFB588719" box="[1242,1256,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores. Relatively large microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646EB8FDCBFE52873D" box="[468,482,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores in base of outer tentacles, to 56 µm long; mesenterial filaments with basitrichs. For a complete description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646D0DFDA7FCC7875E" box="[609,887,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646D0DFDA7FCC2875E" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[609,882,584,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">Actinostola crassicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
see Riemann-Zürneck (1978a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FFBFD60FD1F87A6" blockId="45.[151,1436,655,967]" box="[151,687,655,679]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">GEOGRAPHIC AND BATHYMETRIC DISTRIBUTION</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D656B111FCB646FFBFD5BFD9086C6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FFBFD5BFD80867E" blockId="45.[151,1436,655,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646FFBFD5BFE1887CD" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,424,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646FFBFD5BFE1887CD" box="[151,424,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by Hertwig (1882a, b; 1888) in the southeastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207670111FCB646A34FD5BFA2887CD" box="[1368,1432,692,716]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Subsequently, the geographic range of the species was extended to the southwestern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207670111FCB646A41FD38FA2C87EE" box="[1325,1436,727,751]" name="Argentina" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(McMurrrich 1893; Carlgren 1927; Riemann-Zürneck 1978a). The material from this study considered as
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646AE8FD13FE968636" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646AE8FD13FE938636" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">A. crassicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been collected in the sub-Antarctic region, in the northern branch of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646BACFCF0FA8E8636" authority="Arc" authorityName="Arc" box="[1216,1342,799,823]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">Scotia Arc</taxonomicName>
|
||
, east of Burdwood Bank, between
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF9B05111FCB646EA6FCABFDFC865A" box="[458,588,836,860]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.96" metricValueMin="2.77" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="286.5" valueMax="296.0" valueMin="277.0">277–296 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, a region that encompasses the distribution described by Riemann- Zürneck (1978a) for
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646EECFC87FD80867E" box="[384,560,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646EECFC87FD9C867E" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[384,556,872,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">A. crassicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FABFC63FD9086C6" blockId="45.[151,1436,655,967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646FABFC63FE6686A5" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[199,470,908,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646FABFC63FE6686A5" box="[199,470,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the southwestern Atlantic and the sub-Antarctic region, in continental shelf and bathyal depths (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A65111FCB646ED9FC40FDA386C6" box="[437,531,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,183,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-91@30.[151,1436,175,1861]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Distribution map of species. a) Isotealia antarctica Carlgren, 1899. b) Capnea georgiana (Carlgren, 1927). c) Stephanthus antarcticus Rodríguez & López-González, 2003. d) Liponema multiporum Hertwig, 1882. e) Dactylanthus antarcticus (Clubb, 1908). f) Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig, 1882). Green triangles, type locality; green circles, previous localities; red circles, localities from this study; yellow circles, localities from this study from underwater photography survey; dark line, Subtropical Front; light line, Polar Front." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5260942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5260942/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D656B111FCB646FFBFC17FD6D80BE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FFBFC17FEB6810E" blockId="45.[151,1436,1016,1471]" box="[151,262,1016,1039]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836E0111FCB646FFBFBF3FD6D80BE" blockId="45.[151,1436,1016,1471]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Austral species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646D79FBF3FD258135" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[533,661,1052,1076]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646D79FBF3FD258135" box="[533,661,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Actinostola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very difficult to distinguish based on traditional morphological characters (Riemann-Zürneck 1978a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646D3CFBAFFC828156" author="Haussermann, V." box="[592,818,1087,1111]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="26 - 38" refId="ref44771" refString="Haussermann, V. (2004) The sea anemone genus Actinostola (Verrill, 1883): variability and utility of Actinostola chilensis (McMurrich, 1904). Polar Biology, 28, 26 - 38." type="journal article" year="2004">Häussermann 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646C26FBD0FC588156" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[842,1000,1087,1111]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref44236" refString="Fautin, D. G. (1984) More Antarctic and Subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria). Antarctic Research Series, 41, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1984">Fautin (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized five austral species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646FFBFB8BFEA7817D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,279,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646FFBFB8BFEA7817D" box="[151,279,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Actinostola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646E22FB8BFDB0817D" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[334,512,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646E22FB8BFDB0817D" box="[334,512,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646D75FB8BFD24817D" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1893" box="[537,660,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646D75FB8BFD24817D" box="[537,660,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646DC0FB8BFC30817D" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1893" box="[684,896,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pergamentacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646DC0FB8BFC30817D" box="[684,896,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. pergamentacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646CFBFB8BFB4C817D" authority="Carlgren, 1899" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1899" box="[919,1276,1124,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646CFBFB8BFB88817D" box="[919,1080,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646B25FB8BFB4C817D" author="Carlgren, O." box="[1097,1276,1124,1148]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref42734" refString="Carlgren, O. (1899) Zoantharien. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, 4 (1), 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1899">Carlgren, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646A7DFB8BFED5819E" authority="McMurrich, 1904" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1904" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646A7DFB8BFA2B817D" box="[1297,1435,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646FFBFB68FED5819E" author="McMurrich, J. P." box="[151,357,1159,1183]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="215 - 306" refId="ref45348" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1904) The Actiniae of the Plate Collection. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 2 (6), 215 - 306." type="journal article" year="1904">McMurrich, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646ECBFB67FD79819E" authority="Carlgren, 1927" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1927" box="[423,713,1159,1184]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clubbi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646ECBFB67FDA181A1" box="[423,529,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. clubbi</emphasis>
|
||
Carlgren, 1927
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and identified the Antarctic specimens of the genus that she studied as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646E74FB43FDC381C5" authority="(Fautin 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Fautin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[280,627,1196,1220]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646E74FB43FE9981C5" box="[280,297,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646E50FB42FE7581C5" box="[316,453,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646EB5FB43FDDB81C5" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[473,619,1196,1220]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref44236" refString="Fautin, D. G. (1984) More Antarctic and Subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria). Antarctic Research Series, 41, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1984">Fautin 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the specimens studied by Fautin are the only ones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646AE8FB43FE9081E6" baseAuthorityName="Fautin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646AE8FB43FE9081E6" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Antarctic waters. The material of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646DBEFB20FC3181E6" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[722,897,1231,1255]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref44236" refString="Fautin, D. G. (1984) More Antarctic and Subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria). Antarctic Research Series, 41, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1984">Fautin’s (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
study needs to be re-examined to confirm her conclusions. We consider here
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646E93FB1BFB9E800D" authority="sensu Riemann-Zurneck (1978 a)" authorityName="Riemann-Zurneck" authorityYear="1978" box="[511,1070,1268,1292]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646E93FB1BFD43800D" box="[511,755,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. crassicornis sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Riemann-Zürneck (1978a)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species has a smooth but tough column with short and tough tentacles, and its geographic distribution only reaches sea floors north of the Polar Front. Furthermore, we consider here the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646C3AFAD3FC438055" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1899" box="[854,1011,1340,1364]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646C3AFAD3FC438055" box="[854,1011,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D63111FCB646B58FAD3FB2F8055" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1927" box="[1076,1183,1340,1364]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clubbi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EAF2111FCB646B58FAD3FB2F8055" box="[1076,1183,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. clubbi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dubious until further revision. The present study suggests that none of the arguments provided by previous authors (e.g. cnidae, number of tentacles and mesenteries, etc. see Riemann-Zürneck 1978a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646CE4FA6BFBA6809D" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[904,1046,1412,1436]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref44236" refString="Fautin, D. G. (1984) More Antarctic and Subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria). Antarctic Research Series, 41, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1984">Fautin 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B11111FCB646B4BFA6BFAB4809D" author="Haussermann, V." box="[1063,1284,1412,1436]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="26 - 38" refId="ref44771" refString="Haussermann, V. (2004) The sea anemone genus Actinostola (Verrill, 1883): variability and utility of Actinostola chilensis (McMurrich, 1904). Polar Biology, 28, 26 - 38." type="journal article" year="2004">Häussermann 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to establish identities or synonymies of these species are robust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |