treatments-xml/data/03/9E/3C/039E3C565A31FFA29D040029E0730B97.xml

<document id="A1EBEABC35FF00EDB0C0AE4B526140D0" ID-CLB-Dataset="22142" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="561d2129-c2be-4670-9aa7-96e948247157" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827336" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589469117322" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Groeninckx, Inge, Janssens, Steven, Smets, Erik &amp; Verstraete, Brecht" docDate="2017" docId="039E3C565A31FFA29D040029E0730B97" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-312.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astiella perrieri Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFA7442E5A2DFF829F45044FE5770F45" masterDocTitle="Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698839704049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="D5AF0F80338668F53D2A307F008419D2">Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6418CDCDA1FEFAF90211847C2A769766">Groeninckx, Inge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="215C9A9684FEC179A393A86B86F285B3">Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P. O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. &amp; Email: inge. groeninckx @ kuleuven. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C9D07389ADD27AFD3062C7883990966E">Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E716C2EFD25F481268DE43B3CA9BD6AA">Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; Email: steven. janssens @ botanicgardenmeise. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="57DD247A8B410F18109ACF4612081DF2">Smets, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AFC40B85BB2BB80F2861708871ED45E9">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Email: erik. smets @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A2B4CD0439C27EC55CBB539685D8D4AC">Verstraete, Brecht</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C738BE107580DD0D0B9606406774BF83">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83 S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Corresponding author: brecht. verstraete @ snm. ku. dk</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039E3C565A31FFA29D040029E0730B97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846882" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E3C565A31FFA29D040029E0730B97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E3C565A31FFA29D040029E0730B97" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A31FF9E9D040029E6840BC4" box="[577,1011,1126,1153]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9D040029E6840BC4" blockId="28.[463,1124,1126,1223]" box="[577,1011,1126,1153]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A31FF9E9D040029E6840BC4" box="[577,1011,1126,1153]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A31FF9E9D040029E6E70BC5" ID-CoL="8WRJK" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[577,912,1126,1153]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9D040029E7880BC5" bold="true" box="[577,767,1126,1153]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Astiella perrieri</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A31FF9E9CDD0028E6840BC4" box="[920,1011,1127,1153]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A31FF9E9E8A00C6E6DF0B82" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9E8A00C6E1130BE6" blockId="28.[463,1124,1126,1223]" box="[463,1124,1161,1187]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77161726-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9DCE00E2E6DF0B82" blockId="28.[463,1124,1126,1223]" box="[651,936,1196,1223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A31FF9E9DCE00E2E7950B82" box="[651,738,1197,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,272,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1317,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. E. A. delicatula Jovet. F. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. G. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. H. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. I. A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov. J. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. K. A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. L. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827340/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 2J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A31FF9E9DAB00E3E6370B82" box="[750,832,1196,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,267,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1305,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of seeds and a detail of their surface. A–B. Astiella antsalovansisGroeninckx sp. nov.C–D.A. deblockiaeGroeninckx sp. nov.E–F.A. desseiniiGroeninckx sp. nov. G–I. A. delicatula Jovet. J–K. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. L–M. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. N–O. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. P–R. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. Scale bars for A, C, E, J, L, N = 100 µm; B, I = 50 µm; D = 10 µm; F, K, M, O, R = 20 µm; G, H, P, Q = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827347/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5N–O</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A31FF9E9C0900E2E6090B82" box="[844,894,1197,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1848,1874]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,894,1806]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1399,894,1806]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of pollen in polar view (PV), the apocolpium (AC), pollen in equatorial view (EV) and the mesocolpium (ME). A. Astiella homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. Scale bars for A: PV = 2 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm, EV = 5 µm; for B and C: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm; for D: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC = 2 µm, ME = 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827359/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">11C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A31FF9E9CCE00E2E6DF0B82" box="[907,936,1197,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[323,1261,280,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[320,1267,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 14. Astiella perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Open longistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation; all ovules removed from the right locule to show the placenta. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A–C, E from De Block, Tosh &amp; Rakotonasolo 1927 (BR); D from Perrier de la Bâthie 3958 (P); F from Perrier de la Bâthie 14472 (P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827365/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A31FF9E9FF800A1E0230A81" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF800A1E4410A4D" blockId="28.[189,310,1262,1288]" box="[189,310,1262,1288]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A31FF9E9FF800A1E4410A4D" bold="true" box="[189,310,1262,1288]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9FF800A1E4410A4D" bold="true" box="[189,310,1262,1288]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF80152E0230A81" blockId="28.[189,1399,1309,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A31FF9E9FF80152E40A0A72" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,381,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9FF80152E40A0A72" box="[189,381,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Astiella perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A31FF9E9ECD0152E4940A72" box="[392,483,1309,1335]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A31FF9E9D2B0152E67B0A72" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[622,780,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9D2B0152E67B0A72" box="[622,780,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. homolleae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A31FF9E9C520152E6050A72" box="[791,882,1309,1335]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having a reduced corolla tube with the stamens always exserted beyond the corolla throat, but differs in having an annual habit (vs perennial), stipules with less and shorter fimbriae (2–4 fimbriae vs 4–8 and 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A31FF9E9CD9012CE15A0A3B" box="[924,1069,1379,1406]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2.7 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A31FF9E9B15012CE1C60A3B" box="[1104,1201,1379,1406]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
long), a glabrous corolla tube on the inside (vs papillate with trichomes towards the base), and seeds elliptic in outline with granulate microsculpturing (vs seeds triangular in outline with a verruculate microsculpturing).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A31FF9E9FF801A4E4C90912" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF801A4E4330940" blockId="28.[189,324,1515,1541]" box="[189,324,1515,1541]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A31FF9E9FF801A4E4330940" bold="true" box="[189,324,1515,1541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9FF801A4E4330940" bold="true" box="[189,324,1515,1541]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF80256E4C90912" blockId="28.[189,1399,1561,1623]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
The specific epithet is dedicated to the French botanist H. Perrier de la Bâthie who specialized in the plants of 
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A31FF9E9E6F0272E4CD0912" box="[298,442,1597,1623]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A31FF9C9FF80231E78F0CDA" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF80231E58D09DD" blockId="28.[189,250,1662,1688]" box="[189,250,1662,1688]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A31FF9E9FF80231E58D09DD" bold="true" box="[189,250,1662,1688]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9FF80231E58D09DD" bold="true" box="[189,250,1662,1688]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="548C33E25A31FF9E9FF80231E58D09DD" box="[189,250,1662,1688]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF802E2E63C0848" blockId="28.[189,1399,1709,1806]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A31FF9E9FF802E2E4E50982" box="[189,402,1709,1735]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A31FF9E9EE502E2E7DE0982" box="[416,681,1709,1735]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fianarantsoa province</collectingRegion>
, Horombe region, Ivohibe district, Andringitra, area around campement 1, humid forest, along forest trails and in open places, 
<date id="FF89AB805A31FF9E9CB4029FE1E609AF" box="[1009,1169,1744,1770]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2006-01-28">28 Jan. 2006</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9BE5029EE06709AF" box="[1184,1296,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">De Block</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9A67029FE4D60848" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tosh &amp; Rakotonasolo 1927</emphasis>
(holo-: 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9EBA02BBE75D084B" box="[511,554,1780,1806]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">BR</collectionCode>
; iso-: 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9D3402BBE7EC084B" box="[625,667,1780,1806]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">BR</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9DE202BCE7AE0848" box="[679,729,1779,1805]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9DA002BBE782084B" box="[741,757,1780,1806]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9C4502BCE6370848" box="[768,832,1779,1805]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9E9FF8037BE743080B" blockId="28.[189,564,1844,1870]" box="[189,564,1844,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A31FF9E9FF8037BE743080B" bold="true" box="[189,564,1844,1870]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9FF8037BE743080B" bold="true" box="[189,564,1844,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A31FF9C9FF8032CE78F0CDA" blockId="28.[189,1399,1891,2023]" lastBlockId="30.[189,1399,267,927]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A31FF9E9FF8032CE4E50838" box="[189,402,1891,1917]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: Antanarivo province, Analamanga region, Anjozorobe district, Ampilanonana, Ambohitsitakatra, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A31FF9E9ED903C9E48B08E4" box="[412,508,1926,1953]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A31FF9E9D4B03C9E7D308E5" box="[526,676,1926,1952]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1999-04-03">3 Apr. 1999</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9DF003C9E14808E5" box="[693,1087,1926,1953]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rakotonasolo &amp; Ramaroson 89a</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9B1003C9E1F708E5" box="[1109,1152,1926,1952]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">BR</collectionCode>
, K); Ampilanonana, Ambohitsitakatra, on rock, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A31FF9E9EB903E6E7210881" box="[508,598,1961,1988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A31FF9E9D2403E6E79C0886" box="[609,747,1961,1988]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1999-04-03">3 Apr. 1999</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A31FF9E9DB203E6E1110881" box="[759,1126,1961,1988]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rakotonasolo &amp; Ramaroson 90</emphasis>
(K, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A31FF9E9BDC03E5E1AE0881" box="[1177,1241,1962,1988]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A31FF9E9BAC03E6E45008A3" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Antsiranana province</collectingRegion>
, Melaky region, Besalampy district, Mares de dissolution latéritique, plateau de Marangaka [Mrangaka], 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9E190544E4CA0E63" box="[348,445,267,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9E8A0543E7380E60" box="[463,591,267,294]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1912-12">Dec. 1912</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9D270543E6C30E60" box="[610,948,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Perrier de la Bâthie 15163</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9C8E0544E6A80E60" box="[971,991,267,293]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A33FF9C9CBF0544E0700E60" box="[1018,1287,267,293]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fianarantsoa province</collectingRegion>
, Atsimo- Atsinanana region, Befotaka district, Pce. de Farafangana, bord des routes en forêt humide, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9B900561E0060E0D" box="[1237,1393,302,329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1926-08-16">16Aug. 1926</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9FF8051CE42E0E29" box="[189,345,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Decary 4431</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9E29051DE4F70E29" box="[364,384,338,364]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Horombe region, Ivohibe district, Massif d’Andringitra, forêt à sous bois herbacé, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9FF8053AE4610ECA" box="[189,278,373,399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9E65053AE4E10ECA" box="[288,406,373,399]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1922-02">Feb. 1922</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9EE50539E7A30ECA" box="[416,724,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Perrier de la Bâthie 14472</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9DA6053AE7800ECA" box="[739,759,373,399]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A33FF9C9C4F053AE68B0ECA" box="[778,1020,373,399]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mahajanga province</collectingRegion>
, Sofia region, Bealanana district, Montagnes au nord de Mangindrano (haute Maevarano) jusqu’aux sommets d’Ambohimirahavavy (partage des eaux Mahavavy Androranga: centre nord), clairière maricageuse dans la forêt ombrophile sur latérite de gneiss, par petites plaques à la lisière, en prairie secondaire, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9B0D0590E1D10EBC" box="[1096,1190,479,505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9BF00590E58D0D58" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1951-01-19" valueMax="1951-02-12" valueMin="1951-01-19">19 Jan.–12 Feb. 1951</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9E4D064DE7250D59" box="[264,594,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A33FF9C9E4D064DE4070D59" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,368,514,540]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 24953
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9D20064DE7E70D59" box="[613,656,514,540]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">BR</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9DDB064DE7A70D59" box="[670,720,514,540]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9D9B064DE7990D59" box="[734,750,514,540]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9DBE064DE64C0D59" box="[763,827,514,540]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A33FF9C9C0A064DE1350D59" box="[847,1090,514,540]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Alaotra-Mangoro region, Moramanga district, Beforona [Bé-fouram], s.d., 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9C560669E6FF0D7A" box="[787,904,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bojer s.n.</emphasis>
(K, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9C80066AE6AE0D7A" box="[965,985,549,575]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Anosibe An’Ala district, Terrain humide près d’un forêt, village d’Analamazava [Alamazaze], 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9CEC0607E17F0D26" box="[937,1032,584,611]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9B520607E1CA0D27" box="[1047,1213,584,611]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1881-05-13">13 May 1881</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9B890606E0370D27" box="[1228,1344,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lantz s.n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9A100607E01E0D27" box="[1365,1385,584,610]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Analanjirofo region, Maroantsetra district, Island of Nosy Mangabe, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9B460624E1360DC0" box="[1027,1089,619,646]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
S of Maroantsetra in the Bay of Antongil, along north trail, in full shade, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9C4106C0E6340DEC" box="[772,835,655,681]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9C1706C1E6870DEC" box="[850,1008,654,681]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1990-04-26">26 Apr. 1990</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9CBB06C0E1E50DEC" box="[1022,1170,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Carlson 179</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9BE606C0E1A10DEC" box="[1187,1238,655,681]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9BA106C0E0540DEC" box="[1252,1315,655,681]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
); Nosy Mangabe coastal path from W landing towards N end, bank above path, lowland evergreen rainforest, near 
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A33FF9C9FB3069AE42F0DAA" box="[246,344,725,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9FB3069AE42F0DAA" box="[246,344,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cyperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A33FF9C9ECA0699E7700DAA" box="[399,519,726,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9ECA0699E7700DAA" box="[399,519,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diospyros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on laterite, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DD2069AE7A40DAA" box="[663,723,725,751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9D9A069AE60E0DAA" box="[735,889,725,751]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1988-02-29">29 Feb. 1988</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9CC0069AE1F70DAA" box="[901,1152,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cheek &amp; Schatz 1380</emphasis>
(K); Nosy Mangabe, a 520 ha island in the Bay of Antongil, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DC106B7E7C90C57" box="[644,702,760,787]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
from Maroantsetra, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9CEB06B7E16A0C56" box="[942,1053,760,787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="165.0" valueMax="330.0" valueMin="0.0">0–330 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9B6C06B7E1C70C57" box="[1065,1200,760,787]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1989-01-09">9 Jan. 1989</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9BF906B7E58F0C73" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Schatz &amp; Miller 2514</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9E4D0754E44C0C70" box="[264,315,795,821]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9E0D0753E42F0C73" box="[328,344,796,822]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9E210753E4D40C73" box="[356,419,796,822]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
); Nosy Mangabe, a 520 ha island in the Bay of Antongil, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9B0A0754E1FC0C70" box="[1103,1163,795,822]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
from Maroantsetra, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9FF80770E4580C1C" box="[189,303,831,857]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="165.0" valueMax="330.0" valueMin="0.0">0–330 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9E7A0770E4A20C1C" box="[319,469,831,857]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1987-12-04">4 Dec. 1987</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9EA10770E7840C1C" box="[484,755,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Schatz &amp; Villiers 1833</emphasis>
(K, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9C680770E6280C1C" box="[813,863,831,857]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9C2B0770E6090C1C" box="[878,894,831,857]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9CC90770E6BB0C1C" box="[908,972,831,857]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
). Locality unknown, Bois humides, rivière Simianona [Simiana], 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9D5C072DE7110C39" box="[537,614,866,892]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9D37072DE79D0C39" box="[626,746,866,892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1912-09">Sep. 1912</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9DB2072CE1510C39" box="[759,1062,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Perrier de la Bâthie 3958</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9B72072DE13C0C39" box="[1079,1099,866,892]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
); Bois, rivière Mananara, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9FF807CAE47E0CDA" box="[189,265,901,927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF89AB805A33FF9C9E5307CAE4FB0CDA" box="[278,396,901,927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1912-10">Oct. 1912</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9EDD07C9E7B10CDA" box="[408,710,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Perrier de la Bâthie 9741</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A33FF9C9D9207CAE79C0CDA" box="[727,747,901,927]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A30FF9F9FF80370E44E08A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827365/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[189,232,1855,1881]" targetBox="[323,1261,280,1799]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A30FF9F9FF80370E44E08A3" blockId="29.[189,1399,1855,2022]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9FF80370E46C081C" bold="true" box="[189,283,1855,1881]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A30FF9F9E600370E701081C" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,630,1855,1881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9E600370E494081C" box="[293,483,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Astiella perrieri</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A30FF9F9DC50370E7AC081C" box="[640,731,1855,1881]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9DA10370E78E081C" bold="true" box="[740,761,1855,1881]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A</emphasis>
. Habit. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9C190370E607081C" bold="true" box="[860,880,1855,1881]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">B</emphasis>
. Brevistylous flower. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9B3D0370E1FA081C" bold="true" box="[1144,1165,1855,1881]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C</emphasis>
. Open brevistylous flower. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9E50032DE45D0839" bold="true" box="[277,298,1890,1916]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D</emphasis>
. Open longistylous flower. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9D2A032DE7F40839" bold="true" box="[623,643,1890,1916]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
. Ovary dissected to show placentation; all ovules removed from the right locule to show the placenta. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9D3503CAE7F508DA" bold="true" box="[624,642,1925,1951]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">F</emphasis>
. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A–C, E from 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9A4603C9E7770886" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">De Block, Tosh &amp; Rakotonasolo 1927</emphasis>
(BR); D from 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9DF303E6E69C0886" box="[694,1003,1960,1987]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Perrier de la Bâthie 3958</emphasis>
(P); F from 
<emphasis id="B94351525A30FF9F9BC003E6E47108A3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Perrier de la Bâthie 14472</emphasis>
(P).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A33FFA29FF80789E0690ECA" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A33FF9C9FF80789E4390CA5" blockId="30.[189,334,966,992]" box="[189,334,966,992]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A33FF9C9FF80789E4390CA5" bold="true" box="[189,334,966,992]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A33FF9C9FF80789E4390CA5" bold="true" box="[189,334,966,992]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A33FFA29FF807BAE0690ECA" blockId="30.[189,1399,1013,2025]" lastBlockId="32.[189,1399,267,399]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Annual herb, creeping, fertile stems 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9D2C07BAE7A20B4A" box="[617,725,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="4.0">4–20 cm</quantity>
tall, with fine rooting system, rooting at the nodes; stems quadrangular in cross section, only sparsely branching, glabrous or puberulent, green to reddish green. Stipule base 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9E160074E4940B13" box="[339,483,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous or pubescent; fimbriae 2–4, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9CAD0074E10C0B13" box="[1000,1147,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2.7 mm</quantity>
long, colleter-tipped. Leaves petiolate or sessile; petioles 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9D3F0011E6650B3C" box="[634,786,1118,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; blades broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, more rarely elliptic, 2.2–26.5 × 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DD200CDE64B0BD9" box="[663,828,1153,1180]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="8.15" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–14.5 mm</quantity>
, sparsely to densely strigose above particularly towards the edges (but see remarks), glabrous to sparsely puberulent below particularly on the veins, darker green above, paler green below; base attenuate; apex acute; margin ciliolate; midvein prominent particularly below; secondary veins 2–5 at each side of the midvein, prominent below; intersecondaries prominent. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary, single or compound dichasia, 3- to severalflowered, subtended by one leaf pair; peduncle absent or 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9CD6017EE1780A09" box="[915,1039,1329,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="5.0">5–40 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; lower bracts leaf-like, upper bracts fimbriate. Pedicels 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DF1011AE6370A2A" box="[692,832,1365,1392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="8.25" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–16 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent. Flowers heterostylous. Calyx green; tube reduced; lobes 4, triangular to narrowly triangular, 1–1.5 × 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9B9B0137E0040AD6" box="[1246,1395,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
, glabrous or beset with trichomes particularly at the sinuses, colleters in between. Corolla white, pale pink, pale blue or pale purple; tube reduced or cylindrical, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9C8601F1E1210A9C" box="[963,1110,1470,1497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.5 mm</quantity>
long (but see remarks), glabrous; lobes 4, elliptic, 1.2–2.7 × 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DDF01ADE6460AB9" box="[666,817,1506,1532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.7 mm</quantity>
, glabrous outside, papillate and sparsely beset with trichomes inside. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla lobes, exserted for 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9BA4024AE000095A" box="[1249,1399,1541,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in brevistylous flowers, exserted for 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9CDC0267E15D0906" box="[921,1066,1576,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in longistylous flowers.Anthers ellipsoid, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DCC0204E6750923" box="[649,770,1611,1638]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long, purple or white; filaments dorsifixed, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9BBE0204E0000923" box="[1275,1399,1611,1638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9D6C0221E7B509CC" box="[553,706,1646,1673]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers. Pollen tricolporate, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal or subprolate in brevistylous flowers, prolate spheroidal to subprolate in longistylous flowers; E 16–22 μm in brevistylous flowers, 17–20 μm in longistylous flowers; P 18–26 μm in brevistylous flowers, 21–22 μm in longistylous flowers; ectocolpi long; endocolpi long; tectum bireticulate; suprareticulum microreticulate to reticulate, smooth; infrareticulum perforate to microreticulate with granules and/or spines on the muri in brevistylous flowers, reduced in longistylous flowers to granules and/or spines in the lumina around the edges of the muri. Ovary 2-locular, broadly obovoid to broadly depressed obovoid, 0.5–0.7× 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DB6032AE6F4083A" box="[755,899,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.1 mm</quantity>
, glabrous; placenta attached near the middle of the septum, stalked, subglobose, bearing few ovules per locule (but more than 3). Style 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9BBB03C7E00008E6" box="[1278,1399,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long and included in brevistylous flowers, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9DEB03E4E6620883" box="[686,789,1963,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
long and exserted for 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9B5C03E4E1E10883" box="[1049,1174,1963,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3.7" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.4">2.4–5 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in longistylous flowers, papillate; stigma bilobed, lobes 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A33FF9C9CD10380E15308AC" box="[916,1060,1999,2025]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29FF80544E4380E63" box="[189,335,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7–2.3 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers, hirtellous. Capsules broadly obovoid, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29B320544E07B0E63" box="[1143,1292,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.7 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29A1C0544E4620E0C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.0">2– 2.8 mm</quantity>
wide, crowned with the persistent calyx lobes, glabrous, green, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds few per locule, elliptic in outline, ventral groove absent, 0.6–0.7 × ca 0.5 × ca 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29B59051DE10E0E29" box="[1052,1145,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, black or dark brown; seed coat surface reticulate, testa cells with undulating radial walls, microsculpturing granulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A32FF9D9FF8032DE10908A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827367/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[189,232,1890,1916]" targetBox="[313,1276,263,1850]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A32FF9D9FF8032DE10908A3" blockId="31.[189,1399,1890,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9FF8032DE4690838" bold="true" box="[189,286,1890,1917]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A32FF9D9E6C032CE7160838" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[297,609,1891,1917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9E6C032CE4BC0838" box="[297,459,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Astiella pulla</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A32FF9D9D28032CE7BF0838" box="[621,712,1891,1917]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9D96032DE79F0839" bold="true" box="[723,744,1890,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
. Habit. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9C15032CE6130838" bold="true" box="[848,868,1891,1917]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
. Brevistylous flower. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9B36032DE1FF0839" bold="true" box="[1139,1160,1890,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
. Open brevistylous flower. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9E5003C9E45D08E5" bold="true" box="[277,298,1926,1952]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D</emphasis>
. Open longistylous flower. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9D2A03C9E7F408E5" bold="true" box="[623,643,1926,1952]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E</emphasis>
. Ovary dissected to show placentation; all ovules removed from the right locule to show the placenta. 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9D2B03E6E7F70886" bold="true" box="[622,640,1961,1987]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">F</emphasis>
. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A, E–F from 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9BBB03E5E40F08A3" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Perrier de la Bâthie 17633</emphasis>
(P); B–D from 
<emphasis id="B94351525A32FF9D9D7D0383E14208A3" box="[568,1077,1996,2023]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Groeninckx, De Block &amp; Rakotonasolo 271</emphasis>
(BR).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29FF805F9E6470DC9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF805F9E4210E95" blockId="32.[189,342,438,464]" box="[189,342,438,464]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF805F9E4210E95" bold="true" box="[189,342,438,464]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF805F9E4210E95" bold="true" box="[189,342,438,464]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF805AAE6470DC9" blockId="32.[189,1399,485,652]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
E 
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A0DFFA29F9305AAE41F0EBA" box="[214,360,485,511]" name="Madagascar" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29E3705AAE7F30EBA" box="[370,644,485,511]" country="Madagascar" name="Antananarivo" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Antananarivo province</collectingRegion>
, Analamanga region, Anjozorobe district; 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29B3605AAE0050EBA" box="[1139,1394,485,511]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Antsiranana province</collectingRegion>
, Melaky region, Besalampy district; 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29DD40647E6D50D67" box="[657,930,520,546]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fianarantsoa province</collectingRegion>
, Atsimo-Atsinanana region, Befotaka district; 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29E5A0664E75F0D00" box="[287,552,555,581]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fianarantsoa province</collectingRegion>
, Horombe region, Ivohibe district; 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29C900664E1B80D00" box="[981,1231,555,581]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mahajanga province</collectingRegion>
, Sofia region, Bealanana district; 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29EEE0601E7D20D2D" box="[427,677,590,616]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Alaotra-Mangoro region, Moramanga district; 
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29BB00601E45E0DC9" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Analanjirofo region, Maroantsetra district.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29FF806FCE06A0DB9" box="[189,1309,691,764]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF806FCE46A0D88" blockId="32.[189,285,691,717]" box="[189,285,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF806FCE46A0D88" bold="true" box="[189,285,691,717]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF806FCE46A0D88" bold="true" box="[189,285,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF806ADE06A0DB9" blockId="32.[189,1309,738,764]" box="[189,1309,738,764]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Humid forest; along forest trails; secondary savannas; laterite substrate; at 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29B6F06ADE1D40DB9" box="[1066,1187,738,764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="19.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1900 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29FF8076CE6F90C93" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF8076CE4C20C78" blockId="32.[189,437,803,829]" box="[189,437,803,829]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF8076CE4C20C78" bold="true" box="[189,437,803,829]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF8076CE4C20C78" bold="true" box="[189,437,803,829]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF8071DE6F90C93" blockId="32.[189,1399,849,982]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The species is known from 15 collections, of which two without locality. The number of locations is eight. The extent of occurrence is more than 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29C4D073AE6FE0CCA" box="[776,905,885,911]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="20000.0">20,000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4220085A0DFFA29CC8073CE6E10CC4" attach="right" box="[909,918,883,897]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</superScript>
; the area of occupancy equals 
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29A52073AE0130CCA" box="[1303,1380,885,911]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4220085A0DFFA29A22073CE0070CC4" attach="right" box="[1383,1392,883,897]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</superScript>
. Throughout the species’ distribution range, there is a high human pressure on the natural habitats. The species is therefore classified as vulnerable: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29FF807B2E0730B97" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF807B2E4580B52" blockId="32.[189,303,1021,1047]" box="[189,303,1021,1047]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF807B2E4580B52" bold="true" box="[189,303,1021,1047]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF807B2E4580B52" bold="true" box="[189,303,1021,1047]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF80064E0730B97" blockId="32.[189,1399,1067,1235]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The specimen 
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29E2B0063E4950B00" box="[366,482,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lantz s.n.</emphasis>
could be included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A0DFFA29DAA0063E6190B00" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[751,878,1068,1094]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29DAA0063E6190B00" box="[751,878,1068,1094]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A0DFFA29C3C0063E6A40B03" box="[889,979,1068,1094]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
although it has flowers with welldeveloped corolla tubes (
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29EAC0000E7080B2C" box="[489,639,1102,1129]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.6 mm</quantity>
long). Several other specimens collected on the Island of Nosy Mangabe (
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29E79003DE4B80BC9" box="[316,463,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Carlson 179</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29E9B003DE71C0BC9" box="[478,619,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cheek 1380</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29D3F003DE60E0BC9" box="[634,889,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Schatz &amp; Miller 2514</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29CCD003DE1E40BC9" box="[904,1171,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Schatz &amp; Villiers 1833</emphasis>
) could be included as well, but these can be distinguished from the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A0DFFA29C0200DAE6B20BEA" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[839,965,1173,1199]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29C0200DAE6B20BEA" box="[839,965,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens by their glabrous leaves. Because of these discrepancies, these specimens were not included in the species description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>