treatments-xml/data/03/92/28/0392282AFFC0FFC2AEC15EEE18F6FAE8.xml
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<mods:title id="4445BBA3E493D9E0E9C61E6D3388370A">Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AEC15EEE1B61FE7A" authority="Fraser, 1940 a" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,592,470,496]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Euperisiphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AEC15EEE1B61FE7A" bold="true" box="[151,592,470,496]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AEC15EEE1890FE7A" bold="true" box="[151,417,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Euperisiphonia rigida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AFFE5EEE1B61FE7A" box="[424,592,470,496]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser, 1940a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC0FFC2AEC15D251BC1FDB9" box="[151,752,541,563]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AEC15D251B0AFDB9" authority="Fraser, 1940 a: 579" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="579" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,571,541,563]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Euperisiphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AEC15D251846FDB9" box="[151,375,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Euperisiphonia rigida</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC0FFC2AF2B5D261B0AFDB9" author="" box="[381,571,541,563]" page="579" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AF2B5D261B3BFDB9" box="[381,522,541,563]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser, 1940a</bibRefCitation>
: 579
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, pl. 33, figs.7ac.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC0FFC2AEC15D041BCEFDD8" box="[151,767,572,594]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AEC15D041860FDD8" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,337,572,594]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AEC15D041860FDD8" box="[151,337,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zygophylax rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC0FFC2AF385D051B1BFDD8" author="" box="[366,554,572,594]" page="232" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AF385D0518C9FDD8" box="[366,504,572,594]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser 1944a</bibRefCitation>
: 232
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, pl. 44, figs. 197ad.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFC0FFC2AEC15D621D29FDFA" box="[151,1048,602,624]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AEC15D621862FDFA" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[151,339,602,624]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AEC15D621862FDFA" box="[151,339,602,624]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFC0FFC2AF275D631BB3FDFA" author="" box="[369,642,602,624]" page="51" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AF275D631B6EFDFA" box="[369,607,602,624]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref81854" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article">Rees &amp; Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 51
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[not
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2ACEE5D621D3CFDFA" authority="(Fraser, 1948)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[696,1037,602,624]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2ACEE5D621A42FDFA" box="[696,883,602,624]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2ADD65D621D34FDFA" box="[896,1029,602,624]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77766" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Αllan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343. [21 Αpril 1948: noted in publication data facing page 179]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
].
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<materialsCitation id="3B539361FFC0FFC2AEC15DA51A46FD50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915525904" collectingDate="1885-01-22" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="V Albatross Sta." country="Mexico" elevation="238" latitude="20.991667" location="Quintana Roo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-86.39583" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="USNM 43439" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quintana Roo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AEC15DA5183AFD3C" bold="true" box="[151,267,669,694]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC0FFC2AEC15DA51837FD3C" box="[151,262,669,694]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB9D3147FFC0FFC2AF4F5DA618F3FD3C" box="[281,450,670,694]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USNM 43439</specimenCode>
:
<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFC0FFC2AF825DA51B1DFD3C" box="[468,556,669,694]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFC0FFC2AC685DA51BD5FD3F" box="[574,740,669,694]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFC0FFC2ACA15DA61A60FD3F" box="[759,849,670,693]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
Channel, R/
<collectorName id="26CEFCEAFFC0FFC2ADBB5DA61D80FD3C" box="[1005,1201,669,694]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
V
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AA585DA51D49FD3C" box="[1038,1144,669,694]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Albatross</emphasis>
Sta.
</collectorName>
2354,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="00167E0FFFC0FFC2AF645DFA184AFD53" box="[306,379,706,730]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.38" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="238.0">238 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF85BFFCFFC0FFC2AFD05DFA1B73FD50" box="[390,578,705,730]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1885-01-22">
<collectingDate id="EFC14614FFC0FFC2AFD05DFA1B73FD50" box="[390,578,705,730]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1885-01-22">22 January 1885</collectingDate>
</date>
, small beam trawl; ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC0FFC2AE915DDD1833FD74" box="[199,258,741,766]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
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<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFC0FFC2AF3A5DDD18F7FD74" box="[364,454,741,766]" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFC0FFC2AF3A5DDD18F7FD74" box="[364,454,741,766]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFC0FFC2AF865DDE1B1BFD77" box="[464,554,742,765]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
Channel,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0FFFFBFFC0FFC2ACCB5DDD1A18FD74" box="[669,809,741,766]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="15" value="20.991667">20°5930”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0FFFFBFFC0FFC2AD625DDD1AF2FD74" box="[820,963,741,766]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="15" value="-86.39583">86°2345”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC334D9FFC0FFC2AD995DDE1D27FD77" box="[975,1046,742,766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.38" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="238.0">238 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AA725DDE1D8DFD74" box="[1060,1212,742,766]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser 1940a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC0FFC2AE915C311A42FCA8" blockId="38.[151,1437,669,1378]" box="[199,883,777,802]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AE915C31184DFCA8" bold="true" box="[199,380,777,802]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Current status.</emphasis>
Valid, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AFBD5C311A5FFCA8" authority="(Fraser, 1940 a)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[491,878,777,802]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AFBD5C311B8AFCA8" box="[491,699,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AC9F5C321A57FCA8" box="[713,870,778,802]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser, 1940a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFC0FFC2AE915C151B02FC70" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC0FFC2AE915C151B02FC70" blockId="38.[151,1437,669,1378]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AE915C15180AFCCC" bold="true" box="[199,315,813,838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
The only known
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC0FFC2AC585C161B0FFCCC" box="[526,574,814,838]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AC865C151AFAFCCC" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1940" box="[720,971,813,838]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Euperisiphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AC865C151AFAFCCC" box="[720,971,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Euperisiphonia rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in collections at the NMNH (USNM 43439). Designated as the “
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC0FFC2AF9C5C6A18CFFCE0" box="[458,510,850,874]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AC675C6A1BE9FCE0" box="[561,728,850,874]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser (1940a)</bibRefCitation>
, it is recorded as a
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC0FFC2ADFA5C691D3FFCE0" box="[940,1038,849,874]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in the NMNH online database. The collection was referred to as the “
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFC0FFC2AC4E5C4E1B7BFC04" box="[536,586,886,910]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
series” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AC9B5C4E1AD2FC04" box="[717,995,886,910]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref81854" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article">Rees &amp; Vervoort (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AA335C4E1C3AFC04" box="[1125,1291,886,910]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser (1940a)</bibRefCitation>
remarked in describing the species that the “largest fragment”, presumably of a single damaged colony, was
<quantity id="4CC334D9FFC0FFC2AA8C5CA11C16FC3B" box="[1242,1319,921,946]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
high. The gonosome of the species has yet to be described. This specimen could not be located at the NMNH during a visit by one of us (
<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFC0FFC2AF5A5CDA1878FC70" box="[268,329,994,1018]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DRC</collectingCountry>
) in
<date id="FF85BFFCFFC0FFC2AF235CD91B1EFC70" box="[373,559,993,1018]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2017-09">September 2017</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFC0FFC2AE915B3D18F6FAE8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFC0FFC2AE915B3D18F6FAE8" blockId="38.[151,1437,669,1378]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AE915B3D1B6DFB94" authority="Fraser, 1940 a" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1940" box="[199,604,1029,1054]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Euperisiphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AE915B3D188FFB94" box="[199,446,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Euperisiphonia rigida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AF935B3E1B6DFB94" box="[453,604,1030,1054]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser, 1940a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has been referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AD105B3D1D57FB94" authority="Quelch, 1885" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[838,1126,1029,1054]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AD105B3D1AF8FB94" box="[838,969,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zygophylax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AD865B3D1D57FB94" box="[976,1126,1029,1054]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref81515" refString="Quelch, J. J. (1885) On some deep-sea and shallow-water Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 16, 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938509487499" type="journal article">
Quelch,
<quantity id="4CC334D9FFC0FFC2AA785B3D1D57FB94" box="[1070,1126,1029,1054]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7879" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="1885.0">1885</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in some works (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AB005B3E19EFFBC8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser 1944a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AEBF5B1119CBFBC8" box="[233,250,1065,1090]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77307" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 b) Nematophores in Αmerican hydroids. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 38, 33 - 49. [read 31 May 1944; 1944]" type="journal article">b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AF535B121899FBC8" box="[261,424,1065,1090]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref83914" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
) and to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AC545B111A3DFBC8" authority="Busk, 1857" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[514,780,1065,1090]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AC545B111BB6FBC8" box="[514,647,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2ACDB5B111A3DFBC8" box="[653,780,1065,1090]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref71973" refString="Busk, G. (1857) Zoophytology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 5, 172 - 174." type="journal article">
Busk,
<quantity id="4CC334D9FFC0FFC2AC825B111A3DFBC8" box="[724,780,1065,1090]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71678" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="1857.0">1857</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in others (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2ADEC5B121D89FBC8" box="[954,1208,1066,1090]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref81854" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1 - 209." type="journal article">Rees &amp; Vervoort 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AA955B1219E5FBEC" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref84061" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Its correct generic assignment is still somewhat debatable (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2ADCB5B761DC4FBEC" box="[925,1269,1101,1126]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref84061" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003: 53</bibRefCitation>
), although the species is currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AFAB5B491BB0FB00" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[509,641,1137,1162]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AFAB5B491BB0FB00" box="[509,641,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in WoRMS. Also thought referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AA6D5B491D8EFB00" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[1083,1215,1137,1162]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AA6D5B491D8EFB00" box="[1083,1215,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AAB45B491814FB24" authority="Fraser, 1948" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lictorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AAB45B491CAAFB00" box="[1250,1435,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lictorella rigida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AEC15BAE1814FB24" box="[151,293,1174,1198]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77766" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Αllan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343. [21 Αpril 1948: noted in publication data facing page 179]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Calder
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AFD85BAE18F0FB24" box="[398,449,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2009). Secondary homonymy arises when the two species are assigned to the same genus, whether
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AF1F5B8118FCFB58" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1857" box="[329,461,1209,1234]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AF1F5B8118FCFB58" box="[329,461,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AFAA5B821A24FB58" authority="(Fraser, 1940 a)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[508,789,1209,1234]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lictorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AFAA5B821B50FB58" box="[508,609,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AC245B821A3DFB58" box="[626,780,1210,1234]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser, 1940a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AD1B5B821D6DFB58" authority="(Fraser, 1948)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[845,1116,1209,1234]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lictorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AD1B5B821A82FB58" box="[845,947,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AD955B821D62FB58" box="[963,1107,1210,1234]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77766" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Αllan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343. [21 Αpril 1948: noted in publication data facing page 179]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AADE5B811C3AFB58" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[1160,1291,1209,1234]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AADE5B811C3AFB58" box="[1160,1291,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zygophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AB6F5B821870FB7C" authority="(Fraser, 1940 a)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lictorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AB6F5B821CAAFB58" box="[1337,1435,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Z. rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AEC85BE61808FB7C" box="[158,313,1246,1270]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref76720" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1940 a) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Αtlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575 - 580. [13 September 1940: noted in Contents (page IV) of the journal] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3090.575" type="journal article">Fraser, 1940a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AF2F5BE61BB5FB7C" authority="(Fraser, 1948)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[377,644,1245,1270]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lictorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AF2F5BE618EDFB7C" box="[377,476,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Z. rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AFBC5BE61B4DFB7C" box="[490,636,1246,1270]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77766" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Αllan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343. [21 Αpril 1948: noted in publication data facing page 179]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. To minimize potential nomenclatural confusion over the two, and see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AEC15A3918A4FA90" box="[151,405,1281,1306]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref82564" refString="Schuchert, P. (2015) On some hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 325 - 370." type="journal article">Schuchert (2015: 331)</bibRefCitation>
, a replacement name is proposed here for the junior secondary homonym
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AA8F5A3A19EAFAB4" authority="(Fraser, 1948)" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1948" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lictorella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AA8F5A3A1C0EFA90" box="[1241,1343,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. rigida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFC0FFC2AB185A3A19E2FAB4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref77766" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Αllan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343. [21 Αpril 1948: noted in publication data facing page 179]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. That name,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFC0FFC2AF2A5A1D1B64FAB7" authorityName="Calder &amp; Choong" authorityYear="2018" box="[380,597,1317,1342]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Cryptolaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassa" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AF2A5A1D1B64FAB7" box="[380,597,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cryptolaria crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CF855FFC0FFC2AC3F5A1E1BEFFAB7" box="[617,734,1318,1341]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Latin
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFC0FFC2AD6D5A1E1ABEFAB7" box="[827,911,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">crassus</emphasis>
, thick, strong), refers to the thick and rigid hydrocaulus of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>