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<document id="C4C385DDC565790E6FF25D7D13728BE2" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2018.1526345" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747340" ID-ZooBank="51DA9869-D786-4A8A-8C1F-62DC1BB67923" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620671110245" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ocaña, Oscar &amp; Çinar, Melih Ertan" docDate="2018" docId="039187AEFFE8082BFE766B7AFEBBFEFE" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.52.35-36.2243-2282.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 52 (35 - 36)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1526345" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epizoanthus arenaceus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2270" masterDocId="FFA8FFD6FFF00837FFFA6E27FFC4FFA9" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of two new genera, six new species and three new records of Anthozoa (Cnidaria) from the Sea of Marmara" masterLastPageNumber="2282" masterPageNumber="2243" pageNumber="2266" updateTime="1698914570521" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6316000FAFBC3A0676F867DBDC59F9EA">Descriptions of two new genera, six new species and three new records of Anthozoa (Cnidaria) from the Sea of Marmara</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EE5658DCE1C11D3D03EBD0505506E544">Çinar, Melih Ertan</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFE8082FFE766B7AFC53FADE" ID-CoL="6FWWL" authority="(Delle Chiaje, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Delle Chiaje" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[396,919,1373,1399]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFE766B7AFD6CFADE" bold="true" box="[396,680,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">Epizoanthus arenaceus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFD426B79FC4BFADE" author="Delle Chiaje S" box="[696,911,1374,1399]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" refId="ref15426" refString="Delle Chiaje S. 1823. Memorie Sulla Storia e Notomia Degli Animali Senza Vertebredel Regno di Napoli. Napoli: Dalla Stamperia de ' Fratelli Fernandes. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10021" type="book" year="1823">Delle Chiaje, 1823</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFE8082FFDE46BA6FCC1FA33" blockId="24.[387,928,1305,1434]" box="[542,773,1409,1434]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">
(
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFE8082FFDDC6BA6FD65FA33" box="[550,673,1409,1434]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Epizoanthus arenaceus. (a) Preserved specimens showing the colony structure; (b) sphincter; (c) syphonoglyphs; (d) mesenteries with filaments and weak retractor muscles. Scale bars: a = 7.4 mm, b, c = 1 mm; d = 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747370/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">Figures 15</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFE8082FFD1B6BA6FD3AFA33" box="[737,766,1409,1434]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1111,1134]" captionTargetBox="[166,1152,146,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-156@26.[163,1153,142,1080]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 16. Epizoanthus arenaceus. Cnidom morphology in different parts of the body. (a) Spirocyst; (b) spirulae; (c) spirulae; (d) homotrich; (e) penicilli B; (f) spirulae; (g) spirulae; (h, i) homotrich; (j, k) spirulae; (l, m) homotrich; (n) penicilli A; (o) spirulae; (p, q) homotrich. Scale bar: 13 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747372/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">16</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A9FFE8082FFF5A6BE3FC85FA74" author="Haddon AC &amp; Shackleton AM" box="[160,833,1476,1501]" page="649" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFE8082FFF5A6BE3FC85FA74" ID-CoL="6FWWL" authority=", Haddon and Shackleton 1891: 649" authorityName=", Haddon and Shackleton" authorityPageNumber="649" authorityYear="1891" box="[160,833,1476,1501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFF5A6BE3FE59FA74" box="[160,413,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">Epizoanthus arenaceus</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFE546BE2FC85FA74" author="Haddon AC &amp; Shackleton AM" box="[430,833,1477,1501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" pagination="609 - 672" refId="ref15965" refString="Haddon AC, Shackleton AM. 1891. A revision of the British Actiniae, Part II: the Zoantheae. Trans Roy Dub Soc. 4: 609 - 672." type="journal article" year="1891">Haddon and Shackleton 1891: 649</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. LIX, fig. 7, Pl. LX, fig. 4; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A9FFE8082FFF5A6BC0FEBBFA56" author="Carlgren O" box="[160,383,1511,1535]" page="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFF5A6BC0FEBBFA56" author="Carlgren O" box="[160,383,1511,1535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14807" refString="Carlgren O. 1935. Di alcune Attinie e Zoantari raccolti nel Golfo di Genova. Bull Mus Labor Della R Univ Genova. 83: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1935">
Carlgren 1935: 7 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFE986BC0FEABFA56" box="[354,367,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">–</emphasis>
8
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, fig. 2; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFE276BC0FC83FA56" author="Pax F &amp; Muller I" box="[477,839,1511,1535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref16988" refString="Pax F, Muller I. 1962. Die Anthozoenfauna der Adria. Inst Oseanogr Fish. 3: 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1962">
Pax and Müller 1962: 129 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFCF76BC0FCDEFA56" box="[781,794,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">–</emphasis>
138
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, figs 63 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFC5F6BC0FC76FA56" box="[933,946,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">–</emphasis>
69; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A9FFE8082FFC256BC0FF23F98B" author="Herbert C" page="89" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFC256BC0FF23F98B" author="Herbert C" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" pagination="69 - 156" refId="ref16062" refString="Herbert C. 1972. Etude systematique de quelques zoanthaires temperes et tropicaux. Tethys. 3: 69 - 156." type="journal article" year="1972">
Herbert, 1972: 89 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFF41682DFF0CF98B" box="[187,200,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">–</emphasis>
94
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, fig. 1.; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A9FFE8082FFEC5682DFDF3F98B" author="Gili JM &amp; Pages F &amp; Barange M" box="[319,567,1546,1570]" page="20" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFEC5682DFDF3F98B" author="Gili JM &amp; Pages F &amp; Barange M" box="[319,567,1546,1570]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref15772" refString="Gili JM, Pages F, Barange M. 1987. Zoantarios (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) de la costa y de la plataforma continental catalanas (Mediterraneo occidental). Misc Zool. 11: 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1987">
Gili et al. 1987: 20 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFDF7682DFDDEF98B" box="[525,538,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">–</emphasis>
21
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, fig. 2; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9910A9FFE8082FFD71682DFC29F98B" author="Lopez-Gonzalez PJ" box="[651,1005,1546,1570]" page="220" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFE8082FFD71682DFC29F98B" author="Lopez-Gonzalez PJ" box="[651,1005,1546,1570]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" refId="ref16316" refString="Lopez-Gonzalez PJ 1993. Taxonomia y Zoogeografia de los Antozoos del Estrecho de Gibraltar y Areas proximas [Tesis Doctoral]. Universidad de SeviIla." type="book" year="1993">
López-González 1993: 220 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFC49682DFC04F98B" box="[947,960,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">–</emphasis>
223
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, fig. 8.
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<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFF5A6846FE44F9D3" bold="true" box="[160,384,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">Material examined</emphasis>
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; 
<date id="FF861078FFE8082FFE8568A2FE7AF934" box="[383,446,1669,1693]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266" value="2012-02-10">02.10</date>
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.2012, Sea of 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFE8082FFDA068A2FD04F934" box="[602,704,1669,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Marmara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="2278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marmara</taxonomicName>
, K18, 
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40°50 
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26 
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N
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, 
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29°07 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE8082FFC2B68A3FC13F935" bold="true" box="[977,983,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2266">ʹ</emphasis>
33 
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E
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, 
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15 
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30 m
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, sandy mud, 
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF476630FFE9082EFF5A68BEFDADF942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747370/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2267" startId="25.[160,225,1689,1712]" targetBox="[428,888,142,1658]" targetPageId="25">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE9082EFF5A68BEFECBF919" bold="true" box="[160,271,1689,1712]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2267">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFE9082EFEE268BFFE3EF906" authorityName=", Haddon and Shackleton" authorityYear="1891" box="[280,506,1688,1711]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2267" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFE9082EFEE268BFFE3EF906" box="[280,506,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2267">Epizoanthus arenaceus</emphasis>
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. (a) Preserved specimens showing the colony structure; (b) sphincter; (c) syphonoglyphs; (d) mesenteries with filaments and weak retractor muscles. Scale bars: a = 7.4 mm, b, c = 1 mm; d = 1.3 mm.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFF5A6A70FECCFBC7" bold="true" box="[160,264,1111,1134]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEA082DFEEB6A71FE29FBC4" authorityName=", Haddon and Shackleton" authorityYear="1891" box="[273,493,1110,1133]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFEEB6A71FE29FBC4" box="[273,493,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Epizoanthus arenaceus</emphasis>
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. Cnidom morphology in different parts of the body. (a) Spirocyst; (b) spirulae; (c) spirulae; (d) homotrich; (e) penicilli B; (f) spirulae; (g) spirulae; (h, i) homotrich; (j, k) spirulae; (l, m) homotrich; (n) penicilli A; (o) spirulae; (p, q) homotrich. Scale bar: 13 µm.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFF5A6AC6FDC1FB53" bold="true" box="[160,517,1249,1274]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Additional material examined</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEA082DFF5A6B22FE14FA44" blockId="26.[160,1157,1249,1517]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFF5A6B22FF71FA96" collectorName="Alboran Sea" country="Spain" elevation="1999" location="Ceuta" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32F7628FFEA082DFF5A6B22FF20FAB4" box="[160,228,1285,1309]" name="Spain" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Ceuta</collectingCountry>
: MMC-338, 
<date id="FF861078FFEA082DFE9D6B22FDC7FAB4" box="[359,515,1285,1309]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" value="1999-03-05">
5 March 
<quantity id="4CC09B5DFFEA082DFE306B22FDC7FAB4" box="[458,515,1285,1309]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9990999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" unit="m" value="1999.1">
<elevation id="0015D18BFFEA082DFE306B22FDC7FAB4" box="[458,515,1285,1309]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9990999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" unit="m" value="1999.1">1999</elevation>
</quantity>
</date>
, 1 m, in a cave, 30 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFD2E6B23FD25FAB5" box="[724,737,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">–</emphasis>
40 retracted specimens, 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFC0C6B22FB44FAB4" box="[1014,1152,1285,1309]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Alborán Sea</collectorName>
, O
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFF4F6B00FE86FA96" box="[181,322,1319,1343]" collectorName="Ocana" country="Spain" elevation="1999" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Ceuta" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="1">
. 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFF3C6B00FEC9FA96" box="[198,269,1319,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Ocaña</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFEBB6B00FD45FACB" collectorName="Alboran Sea, O" country="Spain" location="Fuentecaballos" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="15">
.; MMC-339,14/08/1991, 
<location id="8EE76063FFEA082DFDA06B00FCC7FA96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187AEFFE8082BFE766B7AFEBBFEFE:8EE76063FFEA082DFDA06B00FCC7FA96" box="[602,771,1319,1343]" country="Spain" name="Fuentecaballos" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Fuentecaballos</location>
rocky reefs, 
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD31FFEA082DFC5E6B00FB87FA96" box="[932,1091,1319,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
with some of them expanded, 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFE2A6B6DFD45FACB" box="[464,641,1354,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Alborán Sea, O</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFD7B6B6DFCCCFACB" box="[641,776,1354,1378]" collectorName="Ocana" country="Spain" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Fuentecaballos" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="1">
. 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFD756B6DFD12FACB" box="[655,726,1354,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Ocaña</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFCFD6B6DFBF6FA2C" collectingDate="2000-05-25" collectorName="Alboran Sea, O" country="Spain" location="Piedra Gorda" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="1">
.; MMC-340, 
<date id="FF861078FFEA082DFC6F6B6DFBEBFACB" box="[917,1071,1354,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" value="2000-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EFC2E990FFEA082DFC6F6B6DFBEBFACB" box="[917,1071,1354,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" value="2000-05-25">25 May 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<location id="8EE76063FFEA082DFBC76B6DFF20FA2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187AEFFE8082BFE766B7AFEBBFEFE:8EE76063FFEA082DFBC76B6DFF20FA2C" country="Spain" name="Piedra Gorda" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Piedra Gorda</location>
bottoms, growing on maërl algae, 15 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFD6A6B4BFD59FA2D" box="[656,669,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">–</emphasis>
20 small specimens, 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFC7D6B4AFBF6FA2C" box="[903,1074,1389,1413]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Alborán Sea, O</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFBCB6B4AFE88FA44" collectingDate="2000-09-04" collectorName="Ocana &amp; Alboran Sea, O" country="Spain" county="Bionomia" location="Las Tres Piedras" municipality="Stone" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="10">
. 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFBC66B4AFB47FA2C" box="[1084,1155,1389,1413]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Ocaña</collectorName>
leg; MMC-341, 
<date id="FF861078FFEA082DFEB06BA8FDD8FA0E" box="[330,540,1423,1447]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" value="2000-09-04">
<collectingDate id="EFC2E990FFEA082DFEB06BA8FDD8FA0E" box="[330,540,1423,1447]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" value="2000-09-04">4 September 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<location id="8EE76063FFEA082DFDD26BA8FD1FFA0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187AEFFE8082BFE766B7AFEBBFEFE:8EE76063FFEA082DFDD26BA8FD1FFA0E" box="[552,731,1423,1447]" country="Spain" county="Bionomia" municipality="Stone" name="Las Tres Piedras" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Las Tres Piedras</location>
(
<location id="8EE76063FFEA082DFD136BA8FCF7FA0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187AEFFE8082BFE766B7AFEBBFEFE:8EE76063FFEA082DFD136BA8FCF7FA0E" box="[745,819,1423,1447]" country="Spain" county="Bionomia" municipality="Stone" name="Benzu" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Benzú</location>
), near vertical wall on a loose 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE3ACC2FFEA082DFF5A6B95FF25FA63" box="[160,225,1458,1482]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Stone</collectingMunicipality>
on seaweeds bottom, 
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD31FFEA082DFE1B6B95FDBDFA63" box="[481,633,1458,1482]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
attached on hard substrate, 
<collectingCounty id="62E64E34FFEA082DFC476B95FBE3FA63" box="[957,1063,1458,1482]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Bionomía</collectingCounty>
project, 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFF5A6BF2FE88FA44" box="[160,332,1493,1517]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Alborán Sea, O</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B503CE5FFEA082DFEB66BF2FE09FA44" box="[332,461,1493,1517]" collectingDate="2000-09-04" collectorName="Ocana" country="Spain" county="Bionomia" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Las Tres Piedras" municipality="Stone" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" specimenCount="1">
. 
<collectorName id="26CD536EFFEA082DFEA26BF2FE5BFA44" box="[344,415,1493,1517]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Ocaña</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3226533FFEA082CFF5A683BFC44FC77" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="2269" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEA082DFF5A683BFEE2F99C" blockId="26.[160,1156,1564,1727]" box="[160,294,1564,1589]" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFF5A683BFEE2F99C" bold="true" box="[160,294,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEA082CFF5A6818FD02FCC4" blockId="26.[160,1156,1564,1727]" lastBlockId="27.[160,1156,749,877]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="2269" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">
Small to medium sized zoantharian (in retracted condition, body 
<quantity id="4CC09B5DFFEA082DFC9C6818FC0AF9FE" box="[870,974,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">
5 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFC8E6818FC45F9FE" box="[884,897,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">–</emphasis>
10 mm
</quantity>
wide); brownish colour along column, whitish patches on 12 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFD816845FD4CF9D3" box="[635,648,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">–</emphasis>
15 scapular ridges located in capitulum border (
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFEA082DFF5D68A2FEC9F934" box="[167,269,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Epizoanthus arenaceus. (a) Preserved specimens showing the colony structure; (b) sphincter; (c) syphonoglyphs; (d) mesenteries with filaments and weak retractor muscles. Scale bars: a = 7.4 mm, b, c = 1 mm; d = 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747370/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">Figure 15</figureCitation>
(a)). Ectodermis of column covered with sand and debris particules. Twenty-five to 35 tentacles arranged in four cycles; 25 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEA082DFDAB6880FD9AF916" box="[593,606,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="2268">–</emphasis>
28 mesenteries arranged in four cycles, last being incomplete. Pharynx lobulated, bearing a single siphonoglyph (
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFEB082CFCA66CCAFC07FCAC" box="[860,963,749,773]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Epizoanthus arenaceus. (a) Preserved specimens showing the colony structure; (b) sphincter; (c) syphonoglyphs; (d) mesenteries with filaments and weak retractor muscles. Scale bars: a = 7.4 mm, b, c = 1 mm; d = 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747370/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Figure 15</figureCitation>
(c)). Single strong mesogloeal enlarged sphincter present (
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFEB082CFD996D37FD0AFC81" box="[611,718,784,808]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Epizoanthus arenaceus. (a) Preserved specimens showing the colony structure; (b) sphincter; (c) syphonoglyphs; (d) mesenteries with filaments and weak retractor muscles. Scale bars: a = 7.4 mm, b, c = 1 mm; d = 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747370/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Figure 15</figureCitation>
(b)). Retractor absent, with a very weak parietobasilar development (
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFEB082CFE1A6D15FD8EFCE3" box="[480,586,818,842]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1689,1712]" captionTargetBox="[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[428,888,142,1658]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Epizoanthus arenaceus. (a) Preserved specimens showing the colony structure; (b) sphincter; (c) syphonoglyphs; (d) mesenteries with filaments and weak retractor muscles. Scale bars: a = 7.4 mm, b, c = 1 mm; d = 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747370/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Figure 15</figureCitation>
(d)). Basal coenenchyme forming a thin stolon with polyps arising together. Coenenchyme expanded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF476630FFEB082CFF5A6EA9FBEDFF6B" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" startId="27.[160,216,142,165]">
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEB082CFF5A6EA9FBEDFF6B" blockId="27.[160,1157,141,194]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFF5A6EA9FF30FF0C" bold="true" box="[160,244,142,165]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Table 6.</emphasis>
Cnidom types and their dimensions in different body parts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFC7A6EAAFB9AFF0D" authority="Ocaña &amp; Çinar, 2018" authorityName="Ocaña &amp; Çinar" authorityYear="2018" box="[896,1118,141,164]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFC7A6EAAFB9AFF0D" box="[896,1118,141,164]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Epizoanthus arenaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F57D1FFEB082CFB926EA9FF0FFF6B" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Frequency: vc: very common; c: common; rc: rather common; uc: uncommon; r: rare.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEB082CFDF16EE8FB98FD2A" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<table id="F938C418FFEBF7C8FF516EE8FBBCFD2A" box="[171,1144,207,643]" colsContinueFrom="23.[171,1144,1077,1320]" colsContinueIn="31.[171,1144,207,643]" gridcols="5" gridrows="18" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516EE8FBBCFF4B" box="[171,1144,207,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16EE8FC9AFF4B" box="[523,862,207,226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Mean and range of length and width of</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516EC0FBBCFF53" box="[171,1144,231,250]" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<th id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FF516EC0FF39FF53" box="[171,253,231,250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Tissue</th>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76EC0FE0FFF53" box="[317,459,231,250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Nematocyst type</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16EC0FC9AFF53" box="[523,862,231,250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">nematocyst capsules (μm)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656EC0FC26FF53" box="[927,994,231,250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Number</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86EC0FBBCFF53" box="[1058,1144,231,250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F20FBBCFEB3" box="[171,1144,263,282]" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FF516F20FF39FEB3" box="[171,253,263,282]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Tentacles</th>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F20FE0FFEB3" box="[317,459,263,282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirocysts (a)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F20FC9AFEB3" box="[523,862,263,282]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">(12–15) × (2.5–4)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F20FBBCFEB3" box="[1058,1144,263,282]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">vc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F38FBBCFE9B" box="[171,1144,287,306]" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F38FE0FFE9B" box="[317,459,287,306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (b)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F38FC9AFE9B" box="[523,862,287,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">13 (11–16) × 2.5 (2–3)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656F38FC26FE9B" box="[927,994,287,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">20</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F38FBBCFE9B" box="[1058,1144,287,306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">c</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F10FBBCFEE3" box="[171,1144,311,330]" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F10FE0FFEE3" box="[317,459,311,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (c)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F10FC9AFEE3" box="[523,862,311,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">14 (13–15) × 2</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656F10FC26FEE3" box="[927,994,311,330]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">10</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F10FBBCFEE3" box="[1058,1144,311,330]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">rc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F68FBBCFECB" box="[171,1144,335,354]" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F68FE0FFECB" box="[317,459,335,354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Homotrich (d)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F68FC9AFECB" box="[523,862,335,354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">23.2 (20–25) × 10.2 (10–11)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656F68FC26FECB" box="[927,994,335,354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">30</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F68FBBCFECB" box="[1058,1144,335,354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">c-vc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F40FBBCFED3" box="[171,1144,359,378]" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F40FE0FFED3" box="[317,459,359,378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Penicilli B (e)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F40FC9AFED3" box="[523,862,359,378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">16.8 (15–20) × 3.2 (3–4)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656F40FC26FED3" box="[927,994,359,378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">10</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F40FBBCFED3" box="[1058,1144,359,378]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">r</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F58FBBCFE3B" box="[171,1144,383,402]" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<th id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FF516F58FF39FE3B" box="[171,253,383,402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Pharynx</th>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F58FE0FFE3B" box="[317,459,383,402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (f)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F58FC9AFE3B" box="[523,862,383,402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">16.6 (12–20) × 2.1 (2–3)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656F58FC26FE3B" box="[927,994,383,402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">35</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F58FBBCFE3B" box="[1058,1144,383,402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">c-vc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516FB0FBBCFE03" box="[171,1144,407,426]" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76FB0FE0FFE03" box="[317,459,407,426]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (g)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16FB0FC9AFE03" box="[523,862,407,426]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">16 (15–17) × 2.5 (2–3)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656FB0FC26FE03" box="[927,994,407,426]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">15</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86FB0FBBCFE03" box="[1058,1144,407,426]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">rc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516F88FBBCFE6B" box="[171,1144,431,450]" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76F88FE0FFE6B" box="[317,459,431,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Homotrichs (h)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16F88FC9AFE6B" box="[523,862,431,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">23.1 (20–25) × 11 (10–13)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656F88FC26FE6B" box="[927,994,431,450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">35</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86F88FBBCFE6B" box="[1058,1144,431,450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">c-vc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516FE0FBBCFE73" box="[171,1144,455,474]" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76FE0FE0FFE73" box="[317,459,455,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Homotrichs (i)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16FE0FC9AFE73" box="[523,862,455,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">15 × 3</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656FE0FC26FE73" box="[927,994,455,474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">1</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86FE0FBBCFE73" box="[1058,1144,455,474]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">r</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516FF8FBBCFE5B" box="[171,1144,479,498]" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<th id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FF516FF8FF39FE5B" box="[171,253,479,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Filaments</th>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76FF8FE0FFE5B" box="[317,459,479,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Penicilli A (n)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16FF8FC9AFE5B" box="[523,862,479,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">17.3 (15–21) × 3.8 (3–4)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656FF8FC26FE5B" box="[927,994,479,498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">35</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86FF8FBBCFE5B" box="[1058,1144,479,498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">c-vc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516FD0FBBCFDA3" box="[171,1144,503,522]" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76FD0FE0FFDA3" box="[317,459,503,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Homotrichs (l)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16FD0FC9AFDA3" box="[523,862,503,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">23.5 (21–26) × 10.3 (10–11)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656FD0FC26FDA3" box="[927,994,503,522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">15</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86FD0FBBCFDA3" box="[1058,1144,503,522]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">rc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516C28FBBCFD8A" box="[171,1144,527,547]" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76C28FE0FFD8A" box="[317,459,527,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Homotrichs (m)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16C28FC9AFD8A" box="[523,862,527,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">14 (13–15) × 2.5 (2–3)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656C28FC26FD8A" box="[927,994,527,547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">3</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86C28FBBCFD8A" box="[1058,1144,527,547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">r</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516C00FBBCFD93" box="[171,1144,551,570]" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76C00FE0FFD93" box="[317,459,551,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (j)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16C00FC9AFD93" box="[523,862,551,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">14 (13–18) × 2.5 (2–3)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656C00FC26FD93" box="[927,994,551,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">10</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86C00FBBCFD93" box="[1058,1144,551,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">uc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516C18FBBCFDFB" box="[171,1144,575,594]" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76C18FE0FFDFB" box="[317,459,575,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (k)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16C18FC9AFDFB" box="[523,862,575,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">16 × 5</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656C18FC26FDFB" box="[927,994,575,594]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">1</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86C18FBBCFDFB" box="[1058,1144,575,594]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">r</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516C70FBBCFDC3" box="[171,1144,599,618]" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<th id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FF516C70FF39FDC3" box="[171,253,599,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Body wall</th>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76C70FE0FFDC3" box="[317,459,599,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Spirulae (o)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16C70FC9AFDC3" box="[523,862,599,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">11.5 (11–12) × 4.5 (4–5)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656C70FC26FDC3" box="[927,994,599,618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">5</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86C70FBBCFDC3" box="[1058,1144,599,618]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">r-uc</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350834FAFFEBF7C8FF516C48FBBCFD2A" box="[171,1144,623,643]" gridrow="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FEC76C48FE0FFD2A" box="[317,459,623,643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Homotrichs (p)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FDF16C48FC9AFD2A" box="[523,862,623,643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">25.7 (20–27) × 10 (9–11)</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FC656C48FC26FD2A" box="[927,994,623,643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">20</td>
<td id="76D95D86FFEBF7C8FBD86C48FBBCFD2A" box="[1058,1144,623,643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">rc-c</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEB082CFF5A6D84FF38FC15" blockId="27.[160,896,931,990]" box="[160,252,931,956]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFF5A6D84FF38FC15" bold="true" box="[160,252,931,956]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Cnidom</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEB082CFF5A6DE1FC44FC77" blockId="27.[160,896,931,990]" box="[160,896,966,990]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
A survey of the cnidom is summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6BA0303FFEB082CFD856DE1FD17FC77" box="[639,723,966,990]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="27.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 6. Cnidom types and their dimensions in different body parts of Epizoanthus arenaceus sp. nov. Frequency: vc: very common; c: common; rc: rather common; uc: uncommon; r: rare." pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Table 6</tableCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13032A3DFFEB082CFCF56DE1FCBDFC77" box="[783,889,966,990]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1111,1134]" captionTargetBox="[166,1152,146,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-156@26.[163,1153,142,1080]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 16. Epizoanthus arenaceus. Cnidom morphology in different parts of the body. (a) Spirocyst; (b) spirulae; (c) spirulae; (d) homotrich; (e) penicilli B; (f) spirulae; (g) spirulae; (h, i) homotrich; (j, k) spirulae; (l, m) homotrich; (n) penicilli A; (o) spirulae; (p, q) homotrich. Scale bar: 13 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747372/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Figure 16</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3226533FFEB082BFF5A6A33FEBBFEFE" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="2270" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEB082CFF5A6A33FEC2FB84" blockId="27.[160,1157,1044,1727]" box="[160,262,1044,1069]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFF5A6A33FEC2FB84" bold="true" box="[160,262,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEB082BFF5A6A11FD1CFF60" blockId="27.[160,1157,1044,1727]" lastBlockId="28.[160,1156,142,201]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="2270" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFF5A6A11FE52FBE6" authorityName="Ocaña &amp; Çinar" authorityYear="2018" box="[160,406,1078,1103]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFF5A6A11FE52FBE6" box="[160,406,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Epizoanthus arenaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has variable morphological features, has been split up into different subspecies in the Mediterranean Sea. The subspecies can be distinguished from each other based on the sphincter morphology and others (number of tentacles and mesenteries, body wall anatomy and some differences among the cnidom measurements) (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFF2B6AE5FEADFB73" author="Carlgren O" box="[209,361,1218,1242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref14807" refString="Carlgren O. 1935. Di alcune Attinie e Zoantari raccolti nel Golfo di Genova. Bull Mus Labor Della R Univ Genova. 83: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1935">Carlgren 1935</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFE896AE5FDC6FB73" author="Herbert C" box="[371,514,1218,1242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="69 - 156" refId="ref16062" refString="Herbert C. 1972. Etude systematique de quelques zoanthaires temperes et tropicaux. Tethys. 3: 69 - 156." type="journal article" year="1972">Herbert 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFDF66AE5FD66FB73" author="Gili JM &amp; Pages F &amp; Barange M" box="[524,674,1218,1242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref15772" refString="Gili JM, Pages F, Barange M. 1987. Zoantarios (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) de la costa y de la plataforma continental catalanas (Mediterraneo occidental). Misc Zool. 11: 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1987">Gili et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
). The cnidom features of the Sea of 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFBDB6AE5FB47FB73" box="[1057,1155,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Marmara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marmara</taxonomicName>
specimens are closely similar to those of the specimens from the Alborán Sea, thus no consistent evidence is present to distinguish subspecies within the species. The present paper provides a complete cnidom feature of this species. A previous study by López- González (1993) gave descriptive information about the species, but did not indicate two spirulae categories on tentacles, which are clearly evident on the specimens from the Sea of 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFF5A6BB5FEC6FA03" box="[160,258,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Marmara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marmara</taxonomicName>
and Alboran Sea. The rare distribution of penicilli in the tentacles cannot be used to separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFED16B93FE77FA64" authorityName="Ocaña &amp; Çinar" authorityYear="2018" box="[299,435,1460,1485]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFED16B93FE77FA64" box="[299,435,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">E. arenaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies. 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFDBC6B93FCD9FA64" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[582,797,1460,1485]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couchii">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFDBC6B93FCD9FA64" box="[582,797,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">Epizoanthus couchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Johnston in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFC456B92FB83FA64" author="Couch R" box="[959,1095,1461,1485]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" refId="ref15309" refString="Couch R. Q. 1844. The zoophytes and calcareous corallines. A Cornish Fauna (Ed. J. Couch), Part 3. Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro. xvii, 142 pp." type="book" year="1844">Couch 1844</bibRefCitation>
) was recently recorded in the Turkish waters (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFD866BF0FCC1FA46" author="Gokalp M" box="[636,773,1495,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" refId="ref15812" refString="Gokalp M. 2011. Doga Rehberi (Deniz Canlilari). Istanbul (Turkey): Inkilap Press." type="book" year="2011">Gökalp 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFCF56BF0FC10FA46" author="Ozalp HB &amp; Ates AS" box="[783,980,1495,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref16866" refString="Ozalp HB, Ates AS. 2015. New records of anthozoan species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Hexacorallia) for the Turkish Straits System. Int J Oceanogr Hyd. 44: 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="2015">Özalp &amp; Ates 2015</bibRefCitation>
), but there is no consistent evidence to support these records. It was known that this species does not occur in the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFE47683AFD54F99C" author="Haussermann V" box="[445,656,1565,1589]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="501 - 505" refId="ref16027" refString="Haussermann V. 2003. Zoantharia. In: Hofrichter R, editor. Das Mittelmeer II / 1. Heidelberg (Berlin): Spektrum Akademischer Verlag; p. 501 - 505." type="book chapter" year="2003">Häussermann 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFD61683AFCFEF99C" author="Coll M &amp; Piroddi C &amp; Steenbeek J &amp; Kaschner K &amp; Ben Rais Lasram F &amp; Aguzzi J &amp; Ballesteros E &amp; Bianchi CN &amp; Corbera J &amp; Dailianis T" box="[667,826,1565,1589]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="11842" refId="ref15220" refString="Coll M, Piroddi C, Steenbeek J, Kaschner K, Ben Rais Lasram F, Aguzzi J, Ballesteros E, Bianchi CN, Corbera J, Dailianis T, et al. 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS One. 5: e 11842." type="journal article" year="2010">Coll et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFCBE683AFBD6F99C" author="Zenetos A &amp; Gofas S &amp; Verlaque M &amp; Cinar ME &amp; Garcia Raso JE &amp; Bianchi CN &amp; Morri C &amp; Azzurro E &amp; Bilecenoglu M &amp; Froglia C" box="[836,1042,1565,1589]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="381 - 493" refId="ref17957" refString="Zenetos A, Gofas S, Verlaque M, Cinar ME, Garcia Raso JE, Bianchi CN, Morri C, Azzurro E, Bilecenoglu M, Froglia C, et al. 2010. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union ' s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Medit Mar Sci. 11: 381 - 493." type="journal article" year="2010">Zenetos et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFB8B683BFF2FF9FE" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="couchii">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFB8B683BFF2FF9FE" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">E. couchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a morphological similarity with 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEB082CFD596819FCEDF9FE" authorityName="Ocaña &amp; Çinar" authorityYear="2018" box="[675,809,1598,1623]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenaceus">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEB082CFD596819FCEDF9FE" box="[675,809,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269">E. arenaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of its size, colour and habitats, however no detailed description of this species including the cnidom has been documented yet (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFE6268A2FD21F934" author="Haddon AC &amp; Shackleton AM" box="[408,741,1669,1693]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="609 - 672" refId="ref15965" refString="Haddon AC, Shackleton AM. 1891. A revision of the British Actiniae, Part II: the Zoantheae. Trans Roy Dub Soc. 4: 609 - 672." type="journal article" year="1891">Haddon and Shackleton 1891</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFD0968A2FC41F934" author="Manuel RL" box="[755,901,1669,1693]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref16388" refString="Manuel RL. 1981. British Anthozoa. Synopses Br Fauna. 18: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1981">Manuel 1981</bibRefCitation>
). It is well known that nematocysts are important characters to differentiate the zoanhid species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEB082CFC1B6880FBBAF916" author="Carlgren O" box="[993,1150,1703,1727]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2269" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref14675" refString="Carlgren O. 1913. Zoantharia. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 5: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1913">Carlgren 1913</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFF5A6EA9FF12FF0F" author="Carlgren O" box="[160,214,142,166]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="145 - 160" refId="ref14692" refString="Carlgren O. 1922. Actiniaria und Zoantharia von Juan Fernandez und der Osterinsel. Nat Hist Juan Fernandez and Easter Island. 3: 145 - 160." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFF1C6EA9FE42FF0F" author="Herbert C" box="[230,390,142,166]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="69 - 156" refId="ref16062" refString="Herbert C. 1972. Etude systematique de quelques zoanthaires temperes et tropicaux. Tethys. 3: 69 - 156." type="journal article" year="1972">Herberts 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFE6C6EA9FDF6FF0F" author="Schmidt H" box="[406,562,142,166]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="533 - 560" refId="ref17107" refString="Schmidt H. 1974. On Evolution in the Anthozoa. Proc 12 th Int Coral Reef Symp. 1: 533 - 560." type="journal article" year="1974">Schmidt 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFDB96EA9FCE0FF0F" author="Ocana O &amp; Brito A" box="[579,804,142,166]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="159 - 189" refId="ref16561" refString="Ocana O, Brito A. 2003. A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Rev Acad Canar Cienc. 15: 159 - 189." type="journal article" year="2003">Ocaña &amp; Brito 2003</bibRefCitation>
; Sinniger &amp; Häusserman 2009; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFF5A6E96FE6EFF60" author="Carreiro-Silva M &amp; Braga-Henriques A &amp; Sampaio I &amp; Matos V &amp; Porteiro F &amp; Ocana O" box="[160,426,177,201]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="408 - 415" refId="ref14979" refString="Carreiro-Silva M, Braga-Henriques A, Sampaio I, Matos V, Porteiro F, Ocana O. 2011. Isozoanthus primnoidus, a new zoanthid species (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) associated with the gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) in the Azores. ICES J Mar Sci. 68: 408 - 415." type="journal article" year="2011">Carreiro-Silva et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFE4C6E96FE28FF60" author="Carreiro-Silva M &amp; Ocana O &amp; Stankovic D &amp; Sampaio I &amp; Porteiro F &amp; Fabri MC &amp; Stefanni S" box="[438,492,177,201]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref15037" refString="Carreiro-Silva M, Ocana O, Stankovic D, Sampaio I, Porteiro F, Fabri MC, Stefanni S. 2017. Zoantharians (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) associated with cold-waters corals in the Azores Region: new species and associations in the deep sea. Front Mar Sci. 4: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA94B49FFEC082BFE026E96FD0FFF60" author="Sinniger F &amp; Ocana O &amp; Baco AR" box="[504,715,177,201]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" pagination="52607" refId="ref17226" refString="Sinniger F, Ocana O, Baco AR. 2013. Diversity of zoanthids (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) on Hawaiian seamounts: description of the Hawaiian gold coral and additional zoanthids. PLoS One. 8: e 52607." type="journal article" year="2013">Sinniger et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEC082BFF5A6EDEFF3DFEBB" blockId="28.[160,1155,249,343]" box="[160,249,249,274]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270">
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEC082BFF5A6EDEFF3DFEBB" bold="true" box="[160,249,249,274]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270">Habitat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8736B8FFEC082BFF5A6F3AFEBBFEFE" blockId="28.[160,1155,249,343]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270">
In the Sea of 
<taxonomicName id="4C384D3BFFEC082BFEC96F3AFE5DFE9C" box="[307,409,285,309]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Marmara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="2278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Marmara</taxonomicName>
, this species was found on shell fragments on sandy mud bottoms at 
<quantity id="4CC09B5DFFEC082BFF446F18FEE5FEFE" box="[190,289,319,343]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">
15 
<emphasis id="B94CEAAAFFEC082BFF206F18FF23FEFE" box="[218,231,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2270">–</emphasis>
30 m
</quantity>
depths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>