treatments-xml/data/03/81/01/03810139FF90BB1FC0CAFDD0E73BB4F2.xml
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<document id="D2415D64D1BFB32C40E5819003374738" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10396362" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707168658757" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian &amp; Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="03810139FF90BB1FC0CAFDD0E73BB4F2" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.1026.1-115.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10396362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Falga athena Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFB87941FFDFBB50C00AFF56E355B262" masterDocTitle="Supplementary Materials and Appendix" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1707169288913" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="9075AB2C217CCA61CCB31336EDB96C2B">Supplementary Materials and Appendix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="658CBE36498C8BA5C00DB07FA87D69F4">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EBA8B856EC1AEAE2A4C4B180F8584CF4">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="87ECC3516C263211D1F641338A475B09">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CEA473B3583010F80FAF39E681347E2F">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0FB115DD419569856299F436E1F0A48D">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1FA3C1359F9DA2BB0BBDE79DD2F5F487">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B29FDDCFCEECF001DFC85EE65387613F">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB6219DC00B3A16AFB7474ECC84981AA">2023</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAFDD0E13AB0C1" bold="true" box="[192,623,646,675]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC0CAFDD0E29AB0C1" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,463,646,675]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAFDD0E236B0C1" bold="true" box="[192,355,646,675]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Falga athena</emphasis>
Grishin
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FD146FF90BB1FC1D1FDD1E13AB0C1" box="[475,623,646,675]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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https://zoobank.org/
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(
<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF90BB1FC0C2FD9AE252B084" box="[200,263,716,742]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="70.[192,261,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,282,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-322@70.[192,1440,279,1245]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 7. Phylogenetic trees of Moncina (part 3) and Flagina inferred from protein-coding regions in a) the Z chromosome and b) the mitochondrial genome (in segments). See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
part, 191192, 427429)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF90BB1FC0CAFDA3E7D8B702" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF90BB1FC0CAFDA3E7C1B6E1" blockId="79.[190,1441,757,1155]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAFDA3E2B8B16D" bold="true" box="[192,493,757,784]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic trees reveal that a specimen from
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resembling a darker
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC56FFDA3E2FDB153" authority="Godman, 1901" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciras">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC56FFDA3E3A9B153" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Falga sciras</emphasis>
Godman, 1901
</taxonomicName>
(
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locality in
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) is not monophyletic with it and shows prominent genetic differentiation from it (
<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF90BB1FC18FFC6FE293B131" box="[389,454,825,851]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="70.[192,261,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[192,1439,282,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-322@70.[192,1440,279,1245]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 7. Phylogenetic trees of Moncina (part 3) and Flagina inferred from protein-coding regions in a) the Z chromosome and b) the mitochondrial genome (in segments). See Fig. 1 legend for other notations." pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 5.9% (39 bp). This specimen also differs from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC124FC0CE150B117" authority="Mabille, 1898" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1898" box="[302,517,858,885]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC124FC0CE23CB116" box="[302,361,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Falga</emphasis>
Mabille, 1898
</taxonomicName>
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC296FC0DE089B117" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[668,988,858,885]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Carystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jeconia">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC296FC0DE01AB116" box="[668,847,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Carystus jeconia</emphasis>
Butler, 1870
</taxonomicName>
) and, therefore, represents a new species. This new species (incompletely) keys to
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC271FC2AE00BB1F4" box="[635,862,892,918]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="jeconia" subSpecies="jeconia">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC271FC2AE00BB1F4" box="[635,862,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Falga jeconia jeconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(I.1.2(b)) in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CDDEFF90BB1FC3E7FC2BE7D5B1F5" author="Evans WH" box="[1005,1152,892,919]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" pagination="54 - 88" refId="ref77169" refString="Evans WH. 1955. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 499 p., pl. 54 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC520FC2BE62AB1F4" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[1322,1407,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciras">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC520FC2BE62AB1F4" box="[1322,1407,893,918]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">F. sciras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking a discal brown spot at the end of discal cell on the ventral hindwing and orange spots on the dorsal forewing not reaching the wing base. It differs from other species by orange, rather than yellow or yellow-orange spots and patches on the dorsal side and brown around the tornus on the ventral hindwing. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome:aly
<date id="FF9696EFFF90BB1FC196FB72E2AAB65D" box="[412,511,1060,1087]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" value="2423-06-02">2423.6.2</date>
:G57A,aly1838.37.5:T96C, aly666.26.4:A100C,aly542.3.12:C99T, aly
<date id="FF9696EFFF90BB1FC4E4FB72E61AB65D" box="[1262,1359,1060,1087]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" value="1651-08-04">1651.8.4</date>
:A153T, aly2548.20.5:C27C (not T), aly725.21.1:A114A (not G), aly208.47.15:T281T (not C), aly7689.2.1:T36T (not C), aly11945.4.1:T2088T (not C), and COI barcode: T250C, T352C, T355A, T530C, A565T.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAFBC4E11BB6CE" bold="true" box="[192,590,1169,1196]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">
Barcode sequence of the
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.
</emphasis>
Sample NVG-18012E08, GenBank OR837710, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTATATTAATTCGTACTGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGATTTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCAATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCATTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGATTTTGAATATTGCCTCCTTCCCTAACATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTTGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACTGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCTCTTTCCTCAAATATTGCTCATCAAGGATCTTCTGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCTGGAATTTCTTCTATTCTTGGAGCTATTAACTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATAGATCAT TTGATCAAATACCATTATTTGTATGATCTGTGGGAATTACAGCACTTTTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATACTTCT TACAGATCGAAATCTTAATACATCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGGGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAFA24E239B7E9" bold="true" box="[192,364,1393,1420]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF90BB1FC17FFA24E2B1B7EE" box="[373,484,1394,1420]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
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deposited in the
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,
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,
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</paragraph>
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<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF90BB1FC0CAFAC5E21CB7CF" box="[192,329,1427,1453]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Washington</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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(
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), illustrated in
<figureCitation id="1313ACAAFF90BB1FC2DFFAC5E03CB7CF" box="[725,873,1427,1453]" captionStart="Figures 173194" captionStartId="103.[192,271,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[199,1430,339,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-75@103.[194,1442,333,1695]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="Figures 173194. Holotypes, data in text. 173174) Dion occida sp. n. 175176) Eprius (Eprius) veledinus sp. n. 177178) Radiatus panamensis sp. n. 179180) Pheraeus pulcher sp. n. 181182) Callimormus rades sp. n. 183184) Gubrus lubens sp. n. 185186) Ludens labens sp. n. 187188) Rigga isa sp. n. 189190) Flaccilla lactea sp. n. 191192) Falga athena sp. n. 193194) Panoquina jay sp. n." pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Fig. 191192</figureCitation>
, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [
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:
<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF90BB1FC193FAE3E2B2B7AD" box="[409,487,1461,1487]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Darien</collectingRegion>
| Cana
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|
<date id="FF9696EFFF90BB1FC293FAE3E046B7AD" box="[665,787,1461,1487]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" value="1983-03-23">23.III.1983</date>
| leg. G.B.Small], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18012E08 | c/o
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF90BB1FC0B5FA81E0CDB479" blockId="79.[191,1440,1395,1522]" lastBlockId="79.[192,920,1537,1563]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">
Nick
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. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01450279], and one red [
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<specimenCount id="9D2E7BA6FF90BB1FC47AFA8EE7D0B796" box="[1136,1157,1496,1524]" count="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" type="female"></specimenCount>
|
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC49DFA81E676B793" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[1175,1315,1495,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athena">Falga athena</taxonomicName>
| Grishin].
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAF956E20EB478" bold="true" box="[192,347,1536,1562]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Type locality.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF90BB1FC16BF957E2EBB479" box="[353,446,1537,1563]" name="Panama" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Panama</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49EC7ECDFF90BB1FC1C2F956E1D4B478" box="[456,641,1536,1562]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Darien Province</collectingRegion>
, Cana, elevation
<quantity id="4CD01DCAFF90BB1FC334F956E0C1B479" box="[830,916,1536,1563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF90BB1FC0CAF97CE750B404" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF90BB1FC0CAF97CE750B404" blockId="79.[192,1440,1578,1638]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAF97CE211B426" bold="true" box="[192,324,1578,1604]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</emphasis>
Sciras is the surname of Athena, an Olympian goddess. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC427F97CE72DB426" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Cong &amp; Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[1069,1144,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athena">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC427F97CE72DB426" box="[1069,1144,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">athena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
signifies that the new species is closest in wing pattern to
<taxonomicName id="4C28CBACFF90BB1FC22DF91AE129B407" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[551,636,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Falga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciras">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC22DF91AE129B407" box="[551,636,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">F. sciras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The name is a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332E3A4FF90BB1FC0CAF923E73BB4F2" box="[192,1134,1653,1680]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B97B02FFF90BB1FC0CAF923E73BB4F2" blockId="79.[192,1134,1653,1680]" box="[192,1134,1653,1680]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95C6C3DFF90BB1FC0CAF923E20EB4ED" bold="true" box="[192,347,1653,1679]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known only from the
<typeStatus id="54930E8DFF90BB1FC2CDF923E07CB4ED" box="[711,809,1653,1679]" pageId="79" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
collected in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33FF0BFFF90BB1FC407F920E73FB4F2" box="[1037,1130,1654,1680]" name="Panama" pageId="79" pageNumber="78">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>