170 lines
15 KiB
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170 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.4476" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95bc8b32-baed-4351-b41b-9ce20cb5d804" ID-PMC="PMC3668421" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-270-59" ID-PubMed="23730188" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-270-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 270" ModsDocTitle="New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera" checkinTime="1451247659983" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schlinger, Evert I., Gillung, Jessica P. & Borkent, Christopher J." docDate="2013" docId="B088F876EABD75F0CE9FF767FDC000A3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 270: 59-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 270" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.4476" docTitle="Pialea Erichson 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFFCFF98FFAAFFC0544CFFDBFF97FFEF" masterDocTitle="New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1668155376915" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New spider flies from the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a key to New World genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schlinger, Evert I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gillung, Jessica P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Borkent, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>270</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.4476</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.4476</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-270-59</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152040817" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B088F876EABD75F0CE9FF767FDC000A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B088F876EABD75F0CE9FF767FDC000A3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="15" pageNumber="74">
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="74">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pialea" authority="Erichson, 1840" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pialea Erichson, 1840</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="15" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="74">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="15" pageNumber="74">
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Body shape not arched; coloration non-metallic. Head width much narrower than thorax width; hemispherical; ocellar tubercle shape raised, rounded, two ocelli present, anterior ocellus absent; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; posterior margin of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="75" start="start">eye</pageBreakToken>
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rounded; eyes densely pilose; not contiguous above antennal base, rarely contiguous below; palpus absent; proboscis length greatly reduced, with sparse pile; antennae located on middle of frons, either nearer to ocellar tubercle or to mouthparts; flagellum elongate, slightly tapered or paddle-shaped; apex with terminal setae present or absent; scapes fused;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="76" start="start">postpronotal</pageBreakToken>
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lobes not enlarged or contiguous medially; antepronotum narrow; subscutellum barely visible beneath scutellum; legs not elongated; tibial spines present apically; pulvilli present; wing markings and microtrichia absent; costal vein ending near wing apex; costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins straight; R1 not inflated distally; R4+5 originating at apex of basal cell r4+5 and then forking into veins R4 and R5 (Fig. 36); crossvein 2r-m present between M1 and R4+5, bisecting cell r4+5; cell formed by 2r-m narrow, elongate; R4 without spur vein; M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1), rarely one M vein or two M veins present, all typically reaching wing margin; discal cell closed; cell m3 present, CuA1 joining M3 and running towards margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin and running towards margin; anal lobe well developed; alula weakly developed; abdomen greatly rounded, inflated; tergites smooth, rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="76" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="76">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pialea</taxonomicName>
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is a relatively rare South American genus that comprises four species described from Brazil and another one described from Ecuador. The genus was described by Erichson (1840) for his new species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea lomata" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lomata">Pialea lomata</taxonomicName>
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from Brazil. Later, Westwood (1876) named a second species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea lutescens" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">Pialea lutescens</taxonomicName>
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, also from Brazil. Two more species from the Oriental Region were later described in this genus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea jardinei" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardinei">Pialea jardinei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea auripila" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auripila">Pialea auripila</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Brunetti, E" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="472 - 475" title="New oriental Diptera." volume="7" year="1912">Brunetti 1912</bibRefCitation>
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), but they were subsequently transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Astomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astomella" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Astomella</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1809and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Astomelloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astomelloides" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Astomelloides</taxonomicName>
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Schlinger, 1959, respectively (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="359 - 375" title="A revision of the acrocerid flies of the genus Pialea Erichson with a discussion of their sexual dimorphism (Diptera)." url="10.5479/si.00963801.106-3373.359" volume="106" year="1956">Schlinger 1956</bibRefCitation>
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, 1959).
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<bibRefCitation author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="359 - 375" title="A revision of the acrocerid flies of the genus Pialea Erichson with a discussion of their sexual dimorphism (Diptera)." url="10.5479/si.00963801.106-3373.359" volume="106" year="1956">Schlinger (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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revised the genus and described three more species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea antiqua" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiqua">Pialea antiqua</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea capitella" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitella">Pialea capitella</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea ecuadoriensis" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">Pialea ecuadoriensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pialea</taxonomicName>
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is presumably closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Stenopialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenopialea" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenopialea</taxonomicName>
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Speiser, 1920 (a South African endemic genus) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Archipialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archipialea" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Archipialea</taxonomicName>
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Schlinger, 1973 (Chile) based on antennal and wing characters (Schlinger 1973; Barraclough 1985).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pialea</taxonomicName>
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are characterized by the fusion of the scapes and the dichoptic eyes (except in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea capitella" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitella">Pialea capitella</taxonomicName>
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). Species in this genus also show strong sexual dimorphism in the length, insertion and shape of the antennae, the length of the abdomen and the color and maculation of the body.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" type="key to species of pialea">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pialea</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<table lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">Figs 2022Fig. 23</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea corbiculata" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corbiculata">Pialea corbiculata</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">Figs 1635Figs 1928</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea lutescens" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">Pialea lutescens</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">Figs 31-34</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea antiqua" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiqua">Pialea antiqua</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">2+3Fig. 36</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea lomata" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lomata">Pialea lomata</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">2+3Fig. 19</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea capitella" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitella">Pialea capitella</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="77">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" rowspan="1">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="77" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
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Fig. 34Fig. 33
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea ecuadorensis" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecuadorensis">Pialea ecuadorensis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="18" pageNumber="77">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" rowspan="1">2Fig. 19Fig. 18</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pialea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pialea brunea" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunea">Pialea brunea</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |