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<mods:title id="64FA81FFA9F344D98A4D74566DA63A08">Description of a new species of the rare genus Epacrolaimus Andrássy, 2000 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) and new data on male of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrássy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof, 1969 (Dorylaimida, Paraxonchiidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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<treatment id="AA6AD37AFFC3DF6828F5F90BFD86FDAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5663741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5663741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6AD37AFFC3DF6828F5F90BFD86FDAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA6AD37AFFC3DF6828F5F90BFD86FDAC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="6AD931E7FFC3DF6428F5F90BFD85F8D4" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC3DF6428F5F90BFC6AF8B3" blockId="4.[151,954,1774,1833]" box="[151,954,1774,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="7934D500FFC3DF6428F5F90BFC6AF8B3" bold="true" box="[151,954,1774,1800]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC3DF6428F5F90BFC6AF8B3" authority="(Andrassy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof, 1969" authorityName="(Andrassy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,954,1774,1800]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Paraxonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428F5F90BFC6AF8B3" bold="true" box="[151,954,1774,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428F5F90BFE00F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,464,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Paraxonchium laetificans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC3DF6429BDF90BFD71F8B3" author="Andrassy" box="[479,673,1774,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Andrassy, I. (1956) Eine interessante Nematodenfauna der Gerste, Nematologische Notizen. 4. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2, 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1956">Andrássy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC3DF642AD3F90BFC6AF8B3" author="Altherr" box="[689,954,1774,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Altherr, E. &amp; Loof, P. A. A. (1969) Paraxonchium Krall, 1958 a valid generic name. Nematologica, 15, 430." type="journal article" year="1969">Altherr &amp; Loof, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC3DF6428F5F8F4FECCF892" blockId="4.[151,954,1774,1833]" box="[151,284,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="BAF87EE9FFC3DF6428FDF8F4FF32F892" box="[159,226,1809,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,921,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[415,1171,916,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paraxonchium laetificans. A: Female tail; B: Male spicules without accessory pieces; C, D: Male spicules with accessory pieces; E: Anterior region; F: Female genital tract with sperm; G: Female uterus with sperm and a mature egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210473/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="BAF87EE9FFC3DF642967F8F4FEC4F892" box="[261,276,1809,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[215,1396,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,179,1945]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paraxonchium laetificans. A: Entire body of male; B: Male anterior end; C, D: Spicules with and without accessory pieces; E: Male posterior body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210474/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC3DF6428F5F8BFFD85F8D4" blockId="4.[151,754,1881,2026]" box="[151,597,1881,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC3DF6428A9F8BCFD85F8D4" authority="Andrassy, 1956" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1956" box="[203,597,1881,1903]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428A9F8BCFE63F8D4" box="[203,435,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Dorylaimus laetificans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC3DF6429DAF8BCFD85F8D4" author="Andrassy" box="[440,597,1881,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Andrassy, I. (1956) Eine interessante Nematodenfauna der Gerste, Nematologische Notizen. 4. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2, 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1956">Andrássy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="227C626CFFC3DF6428F5F89DFDD0F870" blockId="4.[151,754,1881,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC3DF6428F5F89DFD3BF835" authority="(Andrassy, 1956) Andrassy, 1958" authorityName="(Andrassy, 1956) Andrassy" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,747,1912,1934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Aporcelaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428F5F89DFE71F835" box="[151,417,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Aporcelaimus laetificans (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC3DF6429C3F89DFD90F835" author="Andrassy" box="[417,576,1912,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Andrassy, I. (1956) Eine interessante Nematodenfauna der Gerste, Nematologische Notizen. 4. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2, 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1956">Andrássy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
) Andrássy, 1958
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC3DF6428F5F872FD22F817" authority="(Andrassy, 1956) Andrassy, 1958" authorityName="(Andrassy, 1956) Andrassy" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,754,1942,1965]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Drepanodorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428F5F872FE78F817" box="[151,424,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Drepanodorus laetificans (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC3DF6429CAF873FD97F817" author="Andrassy" box="[424,583,1942,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Andrassy, I. (1956) Eine interessante Nematodenfauna der Gerste, Nematologische Notizen. 4. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2, 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1956">Andrássy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
) Andrássy, 1958
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC3DF6428F5F850FDD0F870" authority="Krall, 1958" authorityName="Krall" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,512,1973,1995]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Paraxonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428F5F850FE56F870" box="[151,390,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Paraxonchium striatum</emphasis>
Krall, 1958
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC3DF6428F5F831FDFFF852" blockId="4.[151,754,1881,2026]" box="[151,559,2004,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC3DF6428F5F831FDFFF852" authority="Thorne, 1974" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,559,2004,2026]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Paraxonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="magnidens">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC3DF6428F5F831FE4FF851" box="[151,415,2004,2026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Paraxonchium magnidens</emphasis>
Thorne, 1974
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption id="76BC32E4FFC2DF6528F5FF7DFC6BFF76" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F5FF7DFC6BFF76" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC2DF6528F5FF7DFED3FF16" bold="true" box="[151,259,152,173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of Iranian population of
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC2DF652AC3FF7DFAEAFF15" authority="(Andrassy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof, 1969" authorityName="(Andrassy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof" authorityYear="1969" box="[673,1338,152,174]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Paraxonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC2DF652AC3FF7DFCE6FF15" box="[673,822,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Paraxonchium</emphasis>
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC2DF652B5EFF7DFC75FF15" box="[828,933,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">laetificans</emphasis>
(Andrássy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof, 1969
</taxonomicName>
. All measurements are in μm, except for L in mm, and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652A05FF00FB97FF40" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,755]" box="[615,1095,229,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Females Males</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FEEFFBC6FEA4" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,755]" box="[155,1046,266,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<geoCoordinate id="47F704ABFFC2DF6528F9FEEFFBC6FEA4" box="[155,1046,266,287]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="2.0666666">n 2 4</geoCoordinate>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FECBFB86FE68" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">L (1.48, 1.55) 1.54±0.06 (1.46–1.62) a (23.1, 23.2) 21.5±1.5 (20.5–23.5) b (3.3, 3.4) 3.5±0.2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652C6BFE04FB86FDD9" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">(3.2–3.6) c (34.5, 42.0) 38.5±2.0 (35.5–40.5) c`(0.8, 1.0) 0.8±0.1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652C6BFD97FBC8FD48" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">(0.7–0.9) V or T (61.5, 62.0) 49.5±3.0 (47.0–52.5) Anterior end to vulva (915, 925) -</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FCC0FBEDFC80" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" box="[155,1085,805,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Diam. at neck base (59, 63) 67±4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652C6BFCACFB86FBA9" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">(61–70) – at mid-body (64, 65) 72.0±2.5 (69–75) – at anus (42, 43) 49.0±4.5 (46–55) Lip region diam. (8.5, 9.0) 9.0±0.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652C6BFBC7FBEFFB83" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" box="[1033,1087,1058,1080]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">(9–9)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FBA0FB86FBE0" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" box="[155,1110,1093,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Lip region height (4.5, 5.0) 5.0±0.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652C6BFB8CFB90FBC4" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" box="[1033,1088,1129,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">(5, 5)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FB68FB86FA88" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Odontostyle length (15, 15) 15.0±0.0 (15–15) Odontostyle width at base (3, 3) 3.0±0.3 (2.5–3.0) Odontostyle length / Odontostyle width (5.0, 5.0) 5.5±0.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF652C6BFAA4FB90FAEC" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" box="[1033,1088,1345,1367]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">(5–6)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FA80FBA2FA24" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Neck length (432, 460) 455.5±7.0 (455–460)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF6528F9FA48FBEDFA78" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" box="[155,1085,1453,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Cardia length (16, 21) 14±1</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AD931E7FFC2DF662C6BFA34FAA1FF14" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC2DF662C6BFA34FAA1FF14" blockId="5.[155,1138,805,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,860]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
(13–15) Cardia width (13, 15) 13.5±1.0 (13–15) Prerectum length (102, 113) 141.0±7.5 (132–145) Rectum length (40, 43) 53.5±3.0 (50–55) Tail length (36, 43) 40.0±2.5 (37–43) Spicule length - 64.5±2.0 (63–67) Ventromedian supplements - 16.5±0.5 (16–17) Lateral accessory pieces - 14.5±0.5 (14–15)
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF6628F5FF72FE52FF0B" bold="true" box="[151,386,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Material examined:</emphasis>
Two females and four males from forests of Kelardasht, northern
<collectingCountry id="5AD422FCFFC1DF662C0AFF7DFB48FF14" box="[1128,1176,152,175]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Iran</collectingCountry>
; in good condition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AD931E7FFC1DF6628A5FF59FF39FCE7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC1DF6628A5FF59FDDEFF6F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,860]" box="[199,526,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF6628A5FF59FEA6FF6F" bold="true" box="[199,374,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Measurements</emphasis>
: See
<tableCitation id="6F4157D7FFC1DF6629D6FF59FDDAFF6F" box="[436,522,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics of Iranian population of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrássy, 1956) Altherr &amp; Loof, 1969. All measurements are in μm, except for L in mm, and in the form: mean ± s. d. (range)." pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC1DF6628A5FF3AFAC4FD54" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF6628A5FF3AFDBCFF43" bold="true" box="[199,620,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Morphological description. MALE.</emphasis>
Body slightly curved ventrad, L shaped. Body strongly tapering anteriorly, mainly in anterior half of neck. Cuticle 2–3 µm at odontostyle level, varying to 3–5 at mid-body and 5–7 µm on tail, distinctly divided into two layers. Lateral hypodermal chords 15.5–21.5% of corresponding body width. Lip region rounded to moderately angular, 1.6–2.0 times as wide as high, separated from the rest of body by a constriction. Amphidial fovea cup-shaped with slit-like opening, occupying 72–75% of lip region width. Odontostyle 5–6 times longer than wide, with the aperture 54–60% of its length; odontophore rod-shaped, its base not clearly visible. Nerve ring located at 130–156 µm from anterior end. Pharynx composed of a slender but well muscled anterior part expanding gradually into a basal expansion occupying 42–45% of total neck length. Cardia conical, its length 0.8–1.0 times its width. Reproductive system diorchic, dorylaimoid, occupying
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF662C7AFDE4FBE3FDA3" box="[1048,1075,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">ca</emphasis>
30.5% of body length. Spicules dorylaimoid, well sclerotised, moderately slender, 5–6 times longer than wide. Lateral guiding pieces present in two of the four males, more or less cylindrical, with bifurcate tip,
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF662BEAFDACFC73FDDB" box="[904,931,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">ca</emphasis>
15×3 μm sized or 5 times longer than wide. Adcloacal pair of supplements located at 9–13 μm from cloacal opening; 16–17 spaced ventromedian supplements running anteriorly, the supplements row
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF662A0AFD74FD53FD13" box="[616,643,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">ca</emphasis>
120 μm long, the posteriormost located at 70–75 μm from adcloacal pair. Rectum
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF66294CFD50FE98FD77" box="[302,328,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">ca</emphasis>
2.5 times longer than prerectum. The latter starts in the range of the supplements row. Tail asymmetrically conical with flat ventral side and a subdigitate mucro, bearing four pores in each side (n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC1DF6628A5FD1EFF39FCE7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF6628A5FD1EFE96FCAF" bold="true" box="[199,326,763,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">FEMALE.</emphasis>
General morphology similar to that of male except for its habitus straight after heat relaxation. Genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, identical to that described in Iranian population by
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC1DF662CD7FCFAFF35FCE7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Baniyamuddin, M., Ahmad, W. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (2010) Review of the family Paraxonchiidae Dhanachand &amp; Jairajpuri, 1981 and proposal of Ramphidorylaimus gen. n. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 13 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article">
Baniyamuddin
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF662D00FCC4FA45FC83" box="[1378,1429,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="76BC32E4FFC1DF6628F5F92DFA8EF946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210473/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[415,1171,921,1712]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC1DF6628F5F92DFA8EF946" blockId="6.[151,1436,1736,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF6628F5F92DFEC4F965" bold="true" box="[151,276,1736,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC1DF66297EF92DFDF3F965" box="[284,547,1736,1758]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Paraxonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF66297EF92DFDF3F965" box="[284,547,1736,1758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Paraxonchium laetificans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A: Female tail; B: Male spicules without accessory pieces; C, D: Male spicules with accessory pieces; E: Anterior region; F: Female genital tract with sperm; G: Female uterus with sperm and a mature egg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6AD931E7FFC1DF6828A5F8C0FD86FDAC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="227C626CFFC1DF6828A5F8C0FD86FDAC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1828,2033]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF6628A5F8C0FEEBF886" bold="true" box="[199,315,1829,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5C319EFFFC1DF662920F8C3FE02F886" box="[322,466,1829,1853]" class="Adenophorea" family="Aporcelaimidae" genus="Paraxonchium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laetificans">
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFC1DF662920F8C3FE02F886" box="[322,466,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">P. laetificans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described on a single male found in
<collectingCountry id="5AD422FCFFC1DF662C79F8C0FBADF886" box="[1051,1149,1829,1853]" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Hungary</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC1DF662CEEF8C1FA90F887" author="Andrassy" box="[1164,1344,1828,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Andrassy, I. (1956) Eine interessante Nematodenfauna der Gerste, Nematologische Notizen. 4. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2, 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1956">Andrássy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFC1DF662D36F8C0FF31F8DB" author="Heyns" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Heyns, J. (1988) Redescription of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrassy, 1956) and P. m o n h y s t e r a (Brzeski, 1964) (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematologica, 34, 302 - 313" type="journal article" year="1988">Heyns (1988)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed the species reporting data of numerous populations from Europe and
<collectingCountry id="5AD422FCFFC1DF662C1CF8ACFB7BF8DB" box="[1150,1195,1865,1888]" name="Iraq" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Iraq</collectingCountry>
mostly composed by females only, with the exception of a population from
<collectingCountry id="5AD422FCFFC1DF662B69F889FC41F83F" box="[779,913,1900,1924]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
composed by ten females and a male. In this paper Heyns observed that only one female of the
<collectingCountry id="5AD422FCFFC1DF662A8FF875FCFFF813" box="[749,815,1936,1960]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Swiss</collectingCountry>
population was impregnated while none of the other females, in the same and in the other populations observed, most of which were gravid, contained sperm. Moreover he stated that the male spicules lacked the lateral accessory pieces commonly present in dorylaimoid spicules, confirming what originally observed by Andrássy in the
<typeStatus id="FD78DCCEFFCFDF682B48FF7DFC8AFF0B" box="[810,858,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
specimen. In a recent study,
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFCFDF682CD0FF72FF31FF6F" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" refString="Baniyamuddin, M., Ahmad, W. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (2010) Review of the family Paraxonchiidae Dhanachand &amp; Jairajpuri, 1981 and proposal of Ramphidorylaimus gen. n. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 13 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article">
Baniyamuddin
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFCFDF682D03FF7CFA45FF0B" box="[1377,1429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
revised the family Paraxonchiidae and reported a population of this species from Shahrekord,
<collectingCountry id="5AD422FCFFCFDF682D77FF58FA95FF6F" box="[1301,1349,189,212]" name="Iran" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Iran</collectingCountry>
, also in this case composed by females only. The small population object of our study, otherwise, is clearly amphimictic, with males relatively abundant and females containing sperm in their uterus. The morphology and morphometric data of this population agree well with those given in the original description except that for odontostyle length, which, both in males and females, is greater compared to that in the original description (15 µm vs. 11.7 μm); but the data given for the other European populations by
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFCFDF682A89FE95FC54FE3C" author="Heyns" box="[747,900,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" refString="Heyns, J. (1988) Redescription of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrassy, 1956) and P. m o n h y s t e r a (Brzeski, 1964) (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematologica, 34, 302 - 313" type="journal article" year="1988">Heyns (1988)</bibRefCitation>
range from 10.5 to 13 µm and those of the Iranian population reported by
<bibRefCitation id="46521F9DFFCFDF6829B5FE71FCC5FE17" box="[471,789,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" refString="Baniyamuddin, M., Ahmad, W. &amp; Jairajpuri, M. S. (2010) Review of the family Paraxonchiidae Dhanachand &amp; Jairajpuri, 1981 and proposal of Ramphidorylaimus gen. n. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 13 (1), 51 - 66." type="journal article">
Baniyamuddin
<emphasis id="10B7BE7EFFCFDF682AE1FE70FD65FE17" box="[643,693,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
., (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
from 13 to 14 μm. It is noteworthy that the males in our population may possess (in two males) or lack (in two males) the lateral accessory pieces that usually accompany the spicules; it is possible that these structures are initially present in all males, as usual also in this species, but that they can be lost during the animal's life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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