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<mods:title id="3F7D169207EA84ADFD280481013DF024">Taxonomy of Middle Miocene foraminifera from the northern Namibian continental shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B34EB623B111CEE86FAE3E23096C5CBB">Bergh, Eugene W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A5FC4C2E680C52EBAF119A8A4BDEFA6">Marine Research Institute and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. &amp; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; &amp; Invertebrate palaeontology and Geology, Iziko South African Museum, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. john. compton @ uct. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0765 - 4141</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7FC99F99FDDFFB27" blockId="20.[151,539,1173,1236]" box="[151,539,1173,1200]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="CA2981C0FFC7933A7FC99F99FDDFFB27" bold="true" box="[151,539,1173,1200]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7FC99F99FDDFFB27" ID-CoL="68MKQ" authority="(Seguenza, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Seguenza" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,539,1173,1200]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Bolivina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99F99FDDFFB27" bold="true" box="[151,539,1173,1200]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99F99FE85FB38" bold="true" box="[151,321,1173,1200]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolivina alata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7E0F9F99FDD7FB27" author="Seguenza, G." box="[337,531,1173,1199]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="84 - 126" refId="ref37614" refString="Seguenza, G. (1862) Prime recherche intorno ai rizopodi fossili delle argille Pleistoceniche dei dintorni di Catania. Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali di Catania, 18, 84 - 126." type="journal article" year="1862">Seguenza, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<heading id="CA2981C0FFC7933A7FC99FB6FED1FB5C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1209,1236]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99FB6FED1FB5C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1209,1236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pl. 4, fig. 7</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC7933A7FC99FF2FBE8FA19" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7FC99FF2FD62FA9E" blockId="20.[151,1437,1278,1425]" box="[151,678,1278,1302]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1CE1182FFC7933A7FC99FF2FD62FA9E" box="[151,678,1278,1302]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7FC99FF2FDE2FA9E" author="Seguenza, G." box="[151,550,1278,1302]" page="115" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1862">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7FC99FF2FDE2FA9E" authority="Seguenza, 1862, p. 115" authorityName="Seguenza" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,550,1278,1302]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Vulvulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99FF2FEF6FA9E" box="[151,306,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vulvulina alata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7E679FF2FE1FFA9E" author="Seguenza, G." box="[313,475,1278,1302]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="84 - 126" refId="ref37614" refString="Seguenza, G. (1862) Prime recherche intorno ai rizopodi fossili delle argille Pleistoceniche dei dintorni di Catania. Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali di Catania, 18, 84 - 126." type="journal article" year="1862">Seguenza, 1862</bibRefCitation>
, p. 115
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7FC99E11FB25FADB" blockId="20.[151,1437,1278,1425]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1CE1182FFC7933A7FC99E11FB25FADB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7FC99E11FDDDFABD" author="Cushman, J. A." box="[151,537,1309,1333]" page="106" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1937">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7FC99E11FDDDFABD" ID-CoL="68MKQ" authority="Cushman, 1937, p. 106" authorityName="Cushman" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,537,1309,1333]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Bolivina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99E11FEE3FABD" box="[151,295,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolivina alata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7E739E11FE0AFABD" author="Cushman, J. A." box="[301,462,1309,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 228" refId="ref30225" refString="Cushman, J. A. (1937) A monograph of the subfamily Virgulininae of the foraminiferal family Buliminidae. Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 228." type="journal article" year="1937">Cushman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
, p. 106
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 13, figs. 311;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7D859E11FBCAFABD" author="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Todd, M. R." box="[731,1038,1309,1333]" page="42" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1945">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7D859E11FC0BFABD" author="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Todd, M. R." box="[731,975,1309,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref30487" refString="Cushman, J. A. &amp; Todd, M. R. (1945) Miocene foraminifera from Buff Bay, Jamaica. Cushman Laboratory of Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 15, 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="1945">Cushman &amp; Todd, 1945</bibRefCitation>
, p. 42
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 25;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7BC19E11FA9BFABD" author="Renz, H. H." box="[1183,1375,1309,1333]" page="116" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7BC19E11FAD1FABD" author="Renz, H. H." box="[1183,1301,1309,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref36922" refString="Renz, H. H. (1948) Stratigraphy and fauna of the Agua Salada Group, State of Falcon, Venezuela. Memoirs of the Geological Society of America, 32, 1 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / MEM 32 - p 1" type="journal article" year="1948">Renz, 1948</bibRefCitation>
, p. 116
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 26; pl. 12, fig. 12;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7EF39E30FDB8FADC" author="Lowry, F. M. D." box="[429,636,1340,1364]" page="280" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7EF39E30FDF4FADC" author="Lowry, F. M. D." box="[429,560,1340,1364]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref34923" refString="Lowry, F. M. D. (1987) Foraminiferal thanatocoenoses from the continental shelf of southern Africa. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University College, London, 443 pp." type="book" year="1987">Lowry, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 280
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 18, figs. 3ab;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7C609E30FBF3FADC" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Beckmann, J. P. &amp; Sanders, J. B." box="[830,1079,1340,1364]" page="339" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7C609E30FC2FFADC" author="Bolli, H. M. &amp; Beckmann, J. P. &amp; Sanders, J. B." box="[830,1003,1340,1364]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref28525" refString="Bolli, H. M., Beckmann, J. P. &amp; Sanders, J. B. (1994) Benthic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the South Caribbean Region. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 408 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511564406" type="book" year="1994">
Bolli
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7C299E30FC74FADC" box="[887,944,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.,</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 339
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 78.478.5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7FC99E56FBE8FA19" blockId="20.[151,1437,1278,1425]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1CE1182FFC7933A7FC99E56FBE8FA19" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7FC99E56FDF5FAFA" author="Van Marle, L. J." box="[151,561,1370,1394]" page="166" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1991">
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7FC99E56FDF5FAFA" ID-CoL="NBZY" authority="van Marle, 1991, p. 166" authorityName="van Marle" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,561,1370,1394]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Brizalina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99E56FEF5FAFA" box="[151,305,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Brizalina alata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7E669E57FE27FAFA" author="Van Marle, L. J." box="[312,483,1370,1394]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 328" refId="ref38724" refString="Van Marle, L. J. (1991) Eastern Indonesian Late Cenozoic smaller benthic foraminifera. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde, Eerste Reeks, 34, 1 - 328." type="journal article" year="1991">van Marle, 1991</bibRefCitation>
, p. 166
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 17, figs. 12;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7DB39E57FC6CFAFA" author="Jones, R. W." box="[749,936,1370,1394]" page="58" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7DB39E57FCACFAFA" author="Jones, R. W." box="[749,872,1370,1394]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref33343" refString="Jones, R. W. (1994) The Challenger Foraminifera. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 149 pp." type="book" year="1994">Jones, 1994</bibRefCitation>
, p. 58
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 53, figs. 24;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7B3A9E56FA5CFAFA" author="Yassini, I. &amp; Jones, B. G." box="[1124,1432,1370,1394]" page="131" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7B3A9E56FA8EFAFA" author="Yassini, I. &amp; Jones, B. G." box="[1124,1354,1370,1394]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref39246" refString="Yassini, I. &amp; Jones, B. G. (1995) Foraminiferida and Ostracoda from estuarine and shelf environments on the southeastern coast of Australia. University of Wollongong Press, Wollongong, 484 pp." type="book" year="1995">Yassini &amp; Jones, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p. 131
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 516517;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7E3E9E75FD91FA19" author="Robertson, B. E." box="[352,597,1401,1425]" page="120" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7E3E9E75FDCEFA19" author="Robertson, B. E." box="[352,522,1401,1425]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref37204" refString="Robertson, B. E. (1998) Systematics and paleoecology of the benthic Foraminiferida from the Buff Bay section, Miocene of Jamaica. Micropaleontology, 44, 1 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1486062" type="journal article" year="1998">Robertson, 1998</bibRefCitation>
, p. 120
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 47, figs. 12;
<treatmentCitation id="107F10BDFFC7933A7C529E75FBECFA19" author="Holbourn, A. &amp; Henderson, A. S. &amp; MacLeod, N." box="[780,1064,1401,1425]" page="76" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7C529E75FC2CFA19" author="Holbourn, A. &amp; Henderson, A. S. &amp; MacLeod, N." box="[780,1000,1401,1425]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref32986" refString="Holbourn, A., Henderson, A. S. &amp; MacLeod, N. (2013) Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 654 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 9781118452493" type="book" year="2013">
Holbourn
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7C2A9E76FC64FA19" box="[884,928,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 76
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC7933A7FC99EB3FBBCF9E1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7FC99EB3FBBCF9E1" blockId="20.[151,1437,1471,1929]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7FC99EB3FEE5FA51" bold="true" box="[151,289,1471,1497]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
: The test wall is calcareous and coarsely perforate. The test is small, elongate, biserial, strongly compressed and elliptical in cross-section. The chambers increase rapidly and become more inflated towards the apertural end, slightly overlapping the previous chambers. Chambers have a downward pointing spine located at the base, giving a serrated edge to the test margin. A peripheral keel surrounds the test. The sutures are slightly depressed and curved. The aperture is loop-shaped and extends up the terminal chamber.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9C46527FFC7933A7F999D7FFCEDF801" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7F999D7FFD0DF939" blockId="20.[151,1437,1471,1929]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7F999D7FFEF9F905" bold="true" box="[199,317,1651,1677]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks:</emphasis>
Specimens were moderately abundant (&lt;10%) in all cores discussed in this study. The tests are small, measuring
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in width and
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in length.
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<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7F999DB7FEADF95D" bold="true" box="[199,361,1723,1749]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Life strategy:</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7EB39DB7FD88F95D" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1839" box="[493,588,1723,1749]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Bolivina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7EB39DB7FD88F95D" box="[493,588,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolivina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is infaunal, unattached and prefers muddy sediments in dysoxic conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7FC19DD3FE53F971" author="Kaminski, M. A. &amp; Aksu, A. &amp; Box, M. &amp; Hiscott, R. N. &amp; Filipescu, S. &amp; Al-Salameen, M." box="[159,407,1759,1786]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="165 - 202" refId="ref33522" refString="Kaminski, M. A., Aksu, A., Box, M., Hiscott, R. N., Filipescu, S. &amp; Al-Salameen, M. (2002) Late Glacial to Holocene benthic foraminifera in the Marmara Sea: implications for Black Sea - Mediterranean Sea connections following the last deglaciation. Marine Geology, 190, 165 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0025 - 3227 (02) 00347 - X" type="journal article" year="2002">
Kaminski
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7E4A9DECFE82F971" box="[276,326,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). The species
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7D6A9DD3FD17F971" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1937" box="[564,723,1759,1785]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Bolivina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7D6A9DD3FD17F971" box="[564,723,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolivina alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a shelf distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7CB99DD3FB1AF971" author="Holbourn, A. &amp; Henderson, A. S. &amp; MacLeod, N." box="[999,1246,1759,1785]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref32986" refString="Holbourn, A., Henderson, A. S. &amp; MacLeod, N. (2013) Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 654 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 9781118452493" type="book" year="2013">
Holbourn
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7B059DECFB5EF971" box="[1115,1178,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.,</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7F999C0FFB13F895" blockId="20.[151,1437,1471,1929]" box="[199,1239,1795,1822]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7F999C0FFDCBF895" bold="true" box="[199,527,1795,1821]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Global stratigraphic range:</emphasis>
This species occurs from the Miocene to Recent (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7B1E9C0FFB0EF895" author="Jones, R. W." box="[1088,1226,1795,1821]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref33343" refString="Jones, R. W. (1994) The Challenger Foraminifera. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 149 pp." type="book" year="1994">Jones, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="916136ACFFC7933A7F999C2BFCEDF801" blockId="20.[151,1437,1471,1929]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7F999C2BFE7DF8C9" bold="true" box="[199,441,1831,1857]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Regional occurrence</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="56DE4D2FFFC7933A7E9B9C2BFDA6F8C9" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1937" box="[453,610,1831,1857]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Bolivina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="A3AAEABEFFC7933A7E9B9C2BFDA6F8C9" box="[453,610,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolivina alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded in middle Miocene sediments on the Namibian outer continental shelf, south of the
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFC7933A7E399C40FDC7F8ED" box="[359,515,1867,1894]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFC7933A7E399C40FE7AF8EE" box="[359,446,1868,1894]" country="Namibia" name="Kunene" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kunene</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFC7933A7E9B9C47FDC7F8ED" box="[453,515,1867,1893]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">River</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
mouth (this study) and in surface sediments on the southwestern continental shelf of Africa, north of the Orange
<collectingRegion id="531AF84EFFC7933A7EB39C63FDEFF801" box="[493,555,1903,1929]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">River</collectingRegion>
mouth (
<bibRefCitation id="F54F4B5DFFC7933A7DD69C63FCD8F801" author="Lowry, F. M. D." box="[648,796,1903,1929]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref34923" refString="Lowry, F. M. D. (1987) Foraminiferal thanatocoenoses from the continental shelf of southern Africa. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University College, London, 443 pp." type="book" year="1987">Lowry, 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>