406 lines
54 KiB
XML
406 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="7C7F86CDEDC5E438E8AC8653A3DA56E4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184571" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b623d656-73b0-4edc-a7fe-e86b55d5a10d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184571" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459988450462" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Steenkiste, Niels Van, Volonterio, Odile, Schockaert, Ernest & Artois, Tom" docDate="2008" docId="443987C2BB392662FF4D2FC86D11FD15" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01914p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1914" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acirrostylus poncedeleoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="B800FFBABB3A2665FFDA2C6A6E37FFF4" masterDocTitle="Marine Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Uruguay, with the description of eight new species and two new genera" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698232526720" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C9861B5561F2FA9FF5953F978195A81">
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<mods:title id="84593532D20B77F59A67593DF77BB240">Marine Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Uruguay, with the description of eight new species and two new genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2F600372A187129EF8068E941371C61E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EF0606D869F9C94C772DDF2139FC4FCD">Steenkiste, Niels Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8DFF6C9D3F655C881A920F03C0AC0FDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="27B2025A1B92D5C086F0DC63356B3649">Volonterio, Odile</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="BFC9117B0212EA811384EB0384F7AC05" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6FF41597073DC7DF43671AC648130F2F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D7333B099BE176A4F289F6A4A9C51D13">Schockaert, Ernest</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D9F65A8A792E5BF372959E6C2A7CB9E7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5AD3B2D44136BBA2B0B6D812F985657">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9FA1B350F0D42052659E3B4597573C74">Artois, Tom</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="368C7ADBB5E0C0F6EF540FB2BC1F9C0E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6AF13045B2665D126CE35A16288B549D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BA269CAD70AC109C9A36E4BBDC8D3DBA">
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<mods:date id="BD6546A3F62C99DD95709F78D987DE3E">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E8D3E3F28C760F4794C210B48B15DA8">1914</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E1DA96DAB36CDB95DAE3B9B9BEAFD686" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184571</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5170A202E049FF39AFA4864B77A6D4E1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F63D953E85C405AD71072309EB46F970" type="Zenodo-Dep">184571</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="443987C2BB392662FF4D2FC86D11FD15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6230411" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119379716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6230411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:443987C2BB392662FF4D2FC86D11FD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/443987C2BB392662FF4D2FC86D11FD15" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="848A655FBB392666FF4D2FC86F20FC2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392666FF4D2FC86C70FC48" blockId="3.[151,583,930,991]" box="[151,583,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="976781B8BB392666FF4D2FC86C70FC48" bold="true" box="[151,583,930,956]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB392666FF4D2FC86C70FC48" bold="true" box="[151,583,930,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB392666FF4D2FC86FE7FC48" ID-CoL="64JWJ" box="[151,464,930,956]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB392666FF4D2FC86FE7FC48" bold="true" box="[151,464,930,956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acirrostylus poncedeleoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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n.g. n.sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392666FF4D2FAF6F20FC2B" blockId="3.[151,583,930,991]" box="[151,279,965,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="54AB2A51BB392666FF452FAF6F39FC2B" box="[159,270,965,991]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="5.[151,255,1845,1869]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,255,815,839]" captionTargetBox-0="[293,1292,200,1809]" captionTargetBox-1="[495,1091,211,782]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[287,1299,197,1818]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[491,1096,194,791]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Acirrostylus poncedeleoni n. g. n. sp. (A) Habitus of a live animal. (B) Stylet from the holotype. (C) Reconstruction of the entire animal from the right side." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Acirrostylus poncedeleoni n. g. n. sp. Reconstruction of the proboscis from the right side." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/184572/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/184573/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="848A655FBB392666FF4D287F6B65FB8B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392666FF4D287F6B65FB8B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1045,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB392666FF4D287F6F34FBDB" bold="true" box="[151,259,1045,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Locality.</emphasis>
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La Coronilla, Departamento de Rocha,
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<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB392666FD24287F6D52FBDB" box="[766,869,1045,1071]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="A9A45013BB392666FCA1287F6A19FBDB" box="[891,1070,1045,1071]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-33.90514">33°54’18.50”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A9A45013BB392666FB9B287F6B37FBDB" box="[1089,1280,1045,1071]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-53.510918">53°30’39.30”W</geoCoordinate>
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). Beach and mouth of the canal near hotel Parque Océanico: sand covered by a thin green layer of organic material, and sand with organic material near a small pool in open contact with the ocean (
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<date id="B82E1014BB392666FBC0280F6A90FB8B" box="[1050,1191,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2004-08-01">01/08/2004</date>
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):
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<typeStatus id="132B8876BB392666FB60280F6ADAFB8B" box="[1210,1261,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="848A655FBB392666FF1C28E76AD4FB3B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392666FF1C28E76AD4FB3B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1045,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB392666FF1C28E76F0DFB53" bold="true" box="[198,314,1165,1191]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material.</emphasis>
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Observations on a live animal. Two whole mounts, one of which designated
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<typeStatus id="132B8876BB392666FB1528E76B02FB53" box="[1231,1333,1165,1191]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="AA81AE11BB392666FA9F28E76BABFB53" box="[1349,1436,1165,1191]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SMNH</collectionCode>
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7495), and two serially-sectioned specimens, one of which designated
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<typeStatus id="132B8876BB392666FC0828DF6A00FB3B" box="[978,1079,1205,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(HU no. 400).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="848A655FBB392666FF1C28B76D95FAEB" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392666FF1C28B76D95FAEB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1045,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB392666FF1C28B76F64FB03" bold="true" box="[198,339,1245,1271]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The genus name refers to the lack of a cirrus and the presence of a stylet. The species is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Ponce de León (Montevideo,
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<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB392666FCF0296F6DA1FAEB" box="[810,918,1285,1311]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="848A655FBB392661FF1C29476B12F89E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392666FF1C29476A96F9FB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1045,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB392666FF1C29476F69FAB3" bold="true" box="[198,350,1325,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</emphasis>
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The animal is about 0.5 mm long and has two eyes. The syncytial epidermis is strongly ciliated and ± 2–3 μm thick in the rostral and caudal part of the animal. In the central part it is ± 1–2 μm thick. Cilia are ± 2 μm long. Small round to oval nuclei with a diameter half of the epidermis height occur throughout the epithelium. Round rhabdites of a similar size to the nuclei are present in the apical part of the epidermis. They are most numerous on the dorsal side of the animal. The basal membrane is very thin. Circular and longitudinal muscle layers are successively present under the very thin basal membrane.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB392661FF1F2A776EFBFEA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1045,2031]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1898]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The proboscis is about 1/6 to 1/7 of the body length long (± 70–80 μm). The proboscis glands run anteriorly through the muscular bulb to form a girdle of eight coarse-grained eosinophilic glandular ampullae. In between these ampullae, small muscles run from the cone to the peripheral wall of the proboscis. The convex cone is completely filled with a darkly-staining substance, possibly a glandular secretion, although its origin could not be traced. The proboscis bulb is provided with well-developed longitudinal muscles, surrounded by circular muscles. The latter do not surround the glandular girdle. The epithelium of the proboscis sheath lacks cilia. Anteriorly it is membranous and anucleated. Here the sheath is surrounded by small basophilic glands, but whether they empty into the lumen of the proboscis sheath or more frontally is not fully clear. The epithelium of the sheath becomes higher and nucleated near the proboscis bulb, where it is surrounded by circular muscles. These continue for a short distance around the anterior part of the glandular girdle. The different sets of motional muscles are not fully visible in the serial sections. Parts of the protractors run around the proboscis bulb. Relatively thick muscle fibers, which probably function as dilators, insert at the transition zone between the sheath and the glandular girdle. Fixators insert on the bulbar septum just below the glandular girdle and adhere on the epidermal basal membrane at the same level where the integument retractors insert. The latter were observed dorsally as well as ventrally and run posteriorly to the body wall. Posterior to the proboscis bulb, remnants of the proboscis retractors were visible. Their insertion place could not, however, be verified.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3E2661FF1F2D0A6CB5FD16" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The pharynx rosulatus is situated in the first body half, posterior to the proboscis, brain and eyes. In the serial sections, the pharynx is somewhat shifted rostrally with regard to the position that was observed in the live animal. The mouth is situated at approximately 35%. The pharynx contains eosinophilic and basophilic glands; the exact location of their opening into the pharynx lumen could not be determined. The pharynx bulb is surrounded by a circular muscle layer. These muscles are more developed around the distal part of the bulb. The tube-shaped lumen is lined with a membranous epithelium surrounded by outer circular and inner longitudinal muscles. The membranous epithelium of this lumen is probably ciliated, but this could not be confirmed. The prepharyngeal cavity is also lined with a membranous epithelium and is only surrounded by a circular muscle layer. Glands of Minot empty into the oesophagus. A bundle of eosinophilic and basophilic glands is situated caudally from the brain.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3E2661FF1F2E9A6A35FB36" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The paired testes are located at both ventrolateral sides of the animal. In the serial sections they are situated at approximately 50% of the body length. However, in the live animal they were observed more caudally. A vas deferens leaves from each testis, distally broadening to form a seminal vesicle. Just before entering the copulatory bulb, the vasa deferentia join to form the ejaculatory duct. This ejaculatory duct runs centrally through the prostate vesicle (conjuncta-type copulatory organ; terminology of
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<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3E2661FB982FFA6AC5FC5E" author="Karling" box="[1090,1266,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" refString="Karling, T. G. (1956 a) Morphologisch-histologische Untersuchungen an den manlichen Atrialorganen der Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria). Arkiv for Zoologi, 9, 187 - 277." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="a">Karling 1956a</bibRefCitation>
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). The prostate vesicle contains fine- and coarse-grained eosinophilic prostate glands. Only the fine-grained glands are extracapsular. The prostate vesicle is lined with a membranous, anucleated epithelium and surrounded by an inner circular and an outer longitudinal muscle layer. The outer longitudinal layer continues around the male atrium. Distally the prostate glands and the ejaculatory duct enter the stylet, which is a single-walled, slightly curved tube, 62 μm long. Its proximal end is funnel-shaped, and somewhat asymmetrical. For approximately 2/3 of its length, the stylet forms two lateral, wing-like protrusions, which give the impression of forming a sheath around the stylet. The distal blunt end of the stylet shows a round opening.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3E2661FF1F28BA6F36FA2E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The ovary is unpaired and lies in the middle of the body at the dorsal side. The vitellarium runs rostrally to the proboscis and is caudally connected with the ovary to form an ovovitellarium. In the live animal, two lateral branches of this vitellarium were observed. A long oviduct connects the ovary with the female duct. This oviduct is lined with a membranous, anucleated epithelium and not surrounded by muscles. The female duct is strongly widened and surrounded by a longitudinal muscle layer. It is lined with a rather high, degenerated epithelium. Where the female duct enters the common genital atrium, it is surrounded by a weak circular muscle layer.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3E2661FF1F29826B42F906" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The elongated bursa enters the common genital atrium. Dorsally, a sphincter divides the bursa into a small, thin-walled proximal part and a broad, muscular distal part. The latter is very darkly stained in the serial sections and apparently lined with a very high epithelium. Where the bursa enters the common genital atrium, it is surrounded by a circular muscle layer and lined with a high epithelium. The rest of the distal bursal part is surrounded by a longitudinal muscle layer. Proximally from the sphincter, two cuticularized spermatic ducts originate. These ducts run towards the ovary and the oviduct, but their exact proximal ends could not be ascertained. A possible connection between the ovary and the proximal part of the bursa could not be observed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3E2661FF1C2B6A6B12F89E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The common genital atrium is surrounded by a circular muscle layer and lined with a membranous, anucleated epithelium. Ventrocaudally the common genital atrium empties into the gonopore, which is surrounded by a sphincter. The caudal body region contains eosinophilic and basophilic caudal glands.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="98EF665CBB3F2660FF4D2B5F6CA9F89B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184572/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[293,1292,200,1809]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3F2660FF4D2B5F6CA9F89B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1845,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3F2660FF4D2B5F6F2EF8B9" bold="true" box="[151,281,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3F2660FEFB2B5F6C00F8B8" box="[289,567,1845,1868]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3F2660FEFB2B5F6C00F8B8" box="[289,567,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Acirrostylus poncedeleoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3F2660FDE42B5F6C93F8B9" bold="true" box="[574,676,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n.g. n.sp.</emphasis>
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(A) Habitus of a live animal. (B) Stylet from the holotype. (C) Reconstruction of the entire animal from the right side.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="98EF665CBB3C2663FF4D2F456AF8FCB2" box="[151,1231,815,839]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184573/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[495,1091,211,782]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3C2663FF4D2F456AF8FCB2" blockId="6.[151,1231,815,839]" box="[151,1231,815,839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FF4D2F456F2EFCB3" bold="true" box="[151,281,815,839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FEFA2F456C01FCB2" box="[288,566,815,838]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni">
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<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FEFA2F456C01FCB2" box="[288,566,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acirrostylus poncedeleoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FDE62F456C96FCB3" bold="true" box="[572,673,815,839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n.g. n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
Reconstruction of the proboscis from the right side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="848A655FBB3C2662FF1C2F136A13FE56" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3C2663FF1C2F136F11FB08" blockId="6.[151,1437,889,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FF1C2F136F66FC67" bold="true" box="[198,337,889,915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The presence of a proboscis without hooks and muscular plates, but with a glandular girdle, places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FF322FC86C2CFC4F" box="[232,539,930,955]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FF322FC86C2CFC4F" box="[232,539,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acirrostylus poncedeleoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3C2663FDF92FCB6C69FC4F" box="[547,606,929,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FDF92FCB6C69FC4F" bold="true" box="[547,606,929,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
clearly within the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FC5D2FC86AF1FC48" authority="Meixner, 1928" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1928" box="[903,1222,930,956]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
|
||
Cicerinidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FBCC2FC86AF1FC48" author="Meixner" box="[1046,1222,930,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1928) Aberrante Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) aus dem Sande der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 77, 229 - 253." type="journal article" year="1928">Meixner, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Traditionally, the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FF2B2FA06F4FFC10" box="[241,376,970,996]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cicerinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is subdivided into three subfamilies:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FC822FA06A95FC10" authority="Meixner, 1928" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1928" box="[856,1186,970,996]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicerininae">
|
||
Cicerininae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FC372FA06A95FC10" author="Meixner" box="[1005,1186,970,996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1928) Aberrante Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) aus dem Sande der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 77, 229 - 253." type="journal article" year="1928">Meixner, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FB6F2FA06F72FBF8" authority="Evdonin, 1977" authorityName="Evdonin" authorityYear="1977" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">
|
||
Nannorhynchidinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FF4D2F986F72FBF8" author="Evdonin" box="[151,325,1010,1036]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="Evdonin, L. A. (1977) Turbellaria Kalyptorhynchia in the fauna of USSR and adjacent areas. Fauna USSR (N. S.), 115, 1 - 400 (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1977">Evdonin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE592F986CCEFBF8" authority="Evdonin, 1977" authorityName="Evdonin" authorityYear="1977" box="[387,761,1010,1036]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xenocicerininae">
|
||
Xenocicerininae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FD902F986CCEFBF8" author="Evdonin" box="[586,761,1010,1036]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="Evdonin, L. A. (1977) Turbellaria Kalyptorhynchia in the fauna of USSR and adjacent areas. Fauna USSR (N. S.), 115, 1 - 400 (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1977">Evdonin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the last containing a single genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FB422F986EE1FBC0" authority="Karling, 1956" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1956" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Xenocicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FB422F986B02FBFF" box="[1176,1333,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xenocicerina</emphasis>
|
||
Karling, 1956
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Morphological analyses of sperm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FD4C28706D00FBC0" author="Watson" box="[662,823,1050,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Watson, N. A. (1998) Spermiogenesis and eyes with lenses in two kalyptorhynch flatworm species, Toia calceformis and Nannorhynchides herdlaensis (Eukalyptorhynchia, Platyhelminthes). Invertebrate Biologie, 117, 9 - 19." type="journal article" year="1998">Watson 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and proboscis ultrastructure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FB7728706B5EFBC0" author="De" box="[1197,1385,1050,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="De Vocht, A. J-P. (1992) Anatomy and ultrastructure of the proboscis in Eukalyptorhynchia (Plathelminthes, Rhabdocoela). PhD, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Belgium, 260 pp." type="book" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB3C2663FB7728706AE6FBC0" box="[1197,1233,1050,1076]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Vocht 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FAA028706FFEFBA8" author="De" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="De Vocht, A. J-P. & Schockaert, E. R. (1999) The anatomy and ultrastructure of the proboscis in Zonorhynchus - species and implications for phylogenetic relationships within the Eukalyptorhynchia Meixner, 1928 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela). Belgian Journal of Zoology, 129, 219 - 234." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB3C2663FAA028706BABFBC0" box="[1402,1436,1050,1076]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Vocht & Schockaert 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) strongly suggest a monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FCB928286A79FBA8" box="[867,1102,1090,1116]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">Nannorhynchidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FABB28286F7AFB70" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">Nannorhynchidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a reduction of the axonemata in the sperm, similar to the situation found in the Schizorhynchia, which makes them a possible sister group to the Schizorhynchia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FBD928F86A97FB58" author="Watson" box="[1027,1184,1170,1196]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Watson, N. A. (1998) Spermiogenesis and eyes with lenses in two kalyptorhynch flatworm species, Toia calceformis and Nannorhynchides herdlaensis (Eukalyptorhynchia, Platyhelminthes). Invertebrate Biologie, 117, 9 - 19." type="journal article" year="1998">Watson 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FB7628F86ADCFB58" author="Watson" box="[1196,1259,1170,1196]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Watson, N. A. (2001) Insights from comparative spermatology in the ' turbellarian' Rhabdocoela. In: Littlewood, D. T. & Bray, R. A. (Ed.) Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor and Francis, London-New York, pp. 217 - 230." type="book chapter" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, all species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE9F28D06C1BFB20" box="[325,556,1210,1236]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">Nannorhynchidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have eyes with lenses, which is clearly not the case for the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FF4D28886F15FB08" box="[151,290,1250,1276]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cicerinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3C2663FF1F29606CCFF940" blockId="6.[151,1437,889,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Most probably the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE3129606C45FAD0" box="[491,626,1290,1316]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicerininae">Cicerininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic, and even not related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FB7729606BAFFAD0" box="[1197,1432,1290,1316]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">Nannorhynchidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of sensory organs associated with the distal belt of the sheath epithelium suggests a close relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FEFF29306C85FA80" authority="Meixner, 1928" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1928" box="[293,690,1370,1396]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Cicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="remanei">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FEFF29306FC1FA87" box="[293,502,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cicerina remanei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FDD829306C85FA80" author="Meixner" box="[514,690,1370,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1928) Aberrante Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) aus dem Sande der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 77, 229 - 253." type="journal article" year="1928">Meixner, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FD2429306B2FFA80" authority="Meixner, 1938" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1938" box="[766,1304,1370,1396]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Psammorhynchidae" genus="Psammorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tubulipenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FD2429306A6BFA87" box="[766,1116,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Psammorhynchus tubulipenis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FBB229306B2FFA80" author="Meixner" box="[1128,1304,1370,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1938) Turbellaria (Strudelwurmer). Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 33, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1938">Meixner, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FAF129306FF2FA68" authority="Karling, 1956" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1956" class="Rhabditophora" family="Psammorhynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Psammorhynchidae Karling, 1956</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FDD229E86D90FA68" authority="Karling, 1953" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1953" box="[520,935,1410,1436]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cytocystidae" genus="Cytocystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clitellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FDD229E86CCCFA6F" box="[520,763,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cytocystis clitellatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FCD929E86D90FA68" author="Karling" box="[771,935,1410,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" refString="Karling, T. G. (1953) Cytocystis clitellatus n. gen., n. sp., ein neuer Eukalyptorhynchien-Typus (Turbellaria). Arkiv for Zoologi, 4, 493 - 505." type="journal article" year="1953">Karling, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FC6C29E86B23FA68" authority="Karling, 1964" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1964" box="[950,1300,1410,1436]" class="Turbellaria" family="Cytocystididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neorhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
|
||
Cytocystididae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FBAA29E86B23FA68" author="Karling" box="[1136,1300,1410,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" refString="Karling, T. G. (1964) Uber einige neue und ungugend bekannte Turbellaria Eukalyptorhynchia. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 172, 159 - 183." type="journal article" year="1964">Karling, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FAF729E86EE2FA30" author="De" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="De Vocht, A. J-P. (1990) The ultrastructure of the proboscis in Psammorhynchus tubulipenis Karling, 1964 and Cytocystis clitellatus Karling, 1953 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela). Acta Zoologica, 71, 113 - 124." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB3C2663FAF729E86B66FA68" box="[1325,1361,1410,1436]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Vocht 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FF3929C06C7EFA30" author="De" box="[227,585,1450,1476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="De Vocht, A. J-P. & Schockaert, E. R. (1999) The anatomy and ultrastructure of the proboscis in Zonorhynchus - species and implications for phylogenetic relationships within the Eukalyptorhynchia Meixner, 1928 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela). Belgian Journal of Zoology, 129, 219 - 234." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB3C2663FF3929C06F32FA30" box="[227,261,1450,1476]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Vocht & Schockaert 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These taxa possibly form a larger monophyletic group, together with species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FEFA29B86CADFA18" authority="Meixner, 1928" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1928" box="[288,666,1490,1516]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Ethmorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FEFA29B86FE0FA1F" box="[288,471,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ethmorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FE3F29B86CADFA18" author="Meixner" box="[485,666,1490,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1928) Aberrante Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) aus dem Sande der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 77, 229 - 253." type="journal article" year="1928">Meixner, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FD7729B86A10FA18" authority="Meixner, 1938" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1938" box="[685,1063,1490,1516]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Ptyalorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FD7729B86D52FA1F" box="[685,869,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ptyalorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FCA829B86A10FA18" author="Meixner" box="[882,1063,1490,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1938) Turbellaria (Strudelwurmer). Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 33, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1938">Meixner, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FBE029B86BA0FA18" authority="Meixner, 1928" authorityName="Meixner" authorityYear="1928" box="[1082,1431,1490,1516]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Paracicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FBE029B86AE2FA1F" box="[1082,1237,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paracicerina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FB3929B86BA0FA18" author="Meixner" box="[1251,1431,1490,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="32" refString="Meixner, J. (1928) Aberrante Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela) aus dem Sande der Kieler Bucht. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 77, 229 - 253." type="journal article" year="1928">Meixner, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FF4D29906FD2F9E0" authority="Karling, 1956" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,485,1530,1556]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Xenocicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FF4D29906F04F9E7" box="[151,307,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xenocicerina</emphasis>
|
||
Karling, 1956
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE2E29906C80F9E0" box="[500,695,1530,1556]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Placorhynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Placorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FD2C29906DE5F9E0" box="[758,978,1530,1556]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnathorhynchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Gnathorhynchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the presence of two sets of proboscis retractors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FE422A486C6FF9C8" author="De" box="[408,600,1570,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="De Vocht, A. J-P. (1992) Anatomy and ultrastructure of the proboscis in Eukalyptorhynchia (Plathelminthes, Rhabdocoela). PhD, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Belgium, 260 pp." type="book" year="1992">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB3C2663FE422A486F8BF9C8" box="[408,444,1570,1596]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Vocht 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FDA82A486D1EF9CF" box="[626,809,1570,1595]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Ethmorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FDA82A486D1EF9CF" box="[626,809,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ethmorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FCE72A486DC3F9CF" box="[829,1012,1570,1595]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Ptyalorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FCE72A486DC3F9CF" box="[829,1012,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ptyalorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FBD32A486A47F9CF" box="[1033,1136,1570,1595]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Cicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FBD32A486A47F9CF" box="[1033,1136,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cicerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FB6E2A486B78F9CF" box="[1204,1359,1570,1595]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Paracicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FB6E2A486B78F9CF" box="[1204,1359,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paracicerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from the other taxa within this group by the fact that they all have a nucleo-glandular girdle associated with the proboscis. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE1F2A186D2EF978" authority="Karling, 1952" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1952" box="[453,793,1650,1676]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Zonorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FE1F2A186C5BF97F" box="[453,620,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zonorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FDAF2A186D2EF978" author="Karling" box="[629,793,1650,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" refString="Karling, T. G. (1952) Studien uber Kalyptorhynchia (Turbellaria). IV. Einige Eukalyptorhynchia. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 69, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1952">Karling, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FC8E2A186A4FF978" authority="Brunet, 1965" authorityName="Brunet" authorityYear="1965" box="[852,1144,1650,1676]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Didiadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FC8E2A186DE1F97F" box="[852,982,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Didiadema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8014B25BB3C2663FC042A186A4FF978" author="Brunet" box="[990,1144,1650,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="Brunet, M. (1965) Turbellaries Calyptorhynques de substrats meubles de la region de Marseille. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 39, 127 - 219." type="journal article" year="1965">Brunet, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a nucleo-glandular girdle, but have only one set of proboscis retractors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3C2662FF1F2AA86A1AFEDD" blockId="6.[151,1437,889,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,737]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FF1F2AA86FCAF92F" box="[197,509,1730,1755]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FF1F2AA86FCAF92F" box="[197,509,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acirrostylus poncedeleoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3C2663FDD02AAB6C72F92F" box="[522,581,1729,1755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FDD02AAB6C72F92F" bold="true" box="[522,581,1729,1755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
does not have eyes with lenses, which places it outside the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FA9E2AA86F03F8F0" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">Nannorhynchidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It clearly differs from the typical species of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FC962A806DEEF8F0" box="[844,985,1770,1796]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicerininae">Cicerininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by the lack of nuclei in the glandular girdle. A typical feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE092B786CA7F8DF" box="[467,656,1810,1835]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FE092B786CA7F8DF" box="[467,656,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. poncedeleoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3C2663FD4C2B7B6CE5F8DF" box="[662,722,1809,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FD4C2B7B6CE5F8DF" bold="true" box="[662,722,1809,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the presence of a stylet, a feature which it shares only with some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FE8C2B506FCAF8A7" box="[342,509,1850,1875]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Zonorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FE8C2B506FCAF8A7" box="[342,509,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zonorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a taxon traditionally placed within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FC172B506A6FF8A0" box="[973,1112,1850,1876]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicerininae">Cicerininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FA8C2B506F35F88F" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Zonorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FA8C2B506F35F88F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zonorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have an armed cirrus which is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FCC02B086DE1F88F" box="[794,982,1890,1915]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FCC02B086DE1F88F" box="[794,982,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. poncedeleoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3C2663FC072B0B6A2FF88F" box="[989,1048,1889,1915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FC072B0B6A2FF88F" bold="true" box="[989,1048,1889,1915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The most typical feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FABA2B086EC5F857" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FABA2B086EC5F857" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acirrostylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3C2663FF262BE36F1DF857" bold="true" box="[252,298,1929,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, however, is the fact that there is only one ovovitellarium, a situation that is unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FF4D2BD86F15F838" box="[151,290,1970,1996]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cicerinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, a uterus is completely lacking, which is also very unusual within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FAD42BD86BAEF838" box="[1294,1433,1970,1996]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cicerinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FEB12BB06C65F800" box="[363,594,2010,2036]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Nannorhynchididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nannorhynchidinae">Nannorhynchidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a well-developed uterus, whereas in the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3C2663FB042BB06B52F800" box="[1246,1381,2010,2036]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cicerininae">Cicerininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FF4D2CF26F04FF45" box="[151,307,152,177]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Xenocicerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FF4D2CF26F04FF45" box="[151,307,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xenocicerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the uterus is weakly differentiated, often being no more than a small protrusion of the common genital atrium. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FEAC2CAA6C37FF2E" box="[374,512,192,218]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cicerinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FD522CAA6C8FFF2D" box="[648,696,192,217]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Toia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FD522CAA6C8FFF2D" box="[648,696,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Toia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FD2E2CAA6DACFF2D" box="[756,923,192,217]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Zonorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FD2E2CAA6DACFF2D" box="[756,923,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zonorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have cuticularized spermatic ducts of variable length, which connect the bursa to the ovovitellaria. Although this connection could not be observed in the Uruguayan species, this is probably also the case for
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FCF52D7A6A1AFEDD" box="[815,1069,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FCF52D7A6DDBFEDD" box="[815,1004,272,297]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">A. poncedeleoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3D2662FC2E2D656A1AFEDD" box="[1012,1069,271,297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FC2E2D656A1AFEDD" bold="true" box="[1012,1069,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3D2662FF1F2D526A13FE56" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
From the discussion above it is clear that the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4877644BB3D2662FCB42D526DE2FEA6" box="[878,981,312,338]" name="Uruguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
cannot be placed in any of the existing genera, and therefore a new genus is erected. The phylogenetic relationships between the different cicerinid taxa is far from clear, and should be established in a large phylogenetic study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="848A655FBB3D2662FF1F2DDA6D11FD15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3D2662FF1F2DDA6EE7FD65" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FF1F2DDA6F73FE3D" box="[197,324,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FE912DDA6FEBFE3E" box="[331,476,432,458]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Acirrostylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FE392DC56AF8FD9D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FE392DC56C26FE3D" bold="true" box="[483,529,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n.g.</emphasis>
|
||
: small taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FD142DDA6D6FFE3D" box="[718,856,432,457]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Cicerinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a girdle of eight separate eosinophilic glandular proboscis ampullae and two sets of proboscis retractors. Nuclei absent in the glandular girdle. Eyes without lenses. Pharynx in the anterior part of the body. Copulatory organ with stylet, without cirrus. Paired testes and seminal vesicles. Unpaired ovovitellarium. Large bursa composed of a distal and a proximal part separated by a sphincter. Two cuticularized spermatic ducts. Uterus absent.
|
||
<typeStatus id="132B8876BB3D2662FBEA2E3A6A50FD9D" box="[1072,1127,592,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FB032E3A6BABFD9E" box="[1241,1436,592,618]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">A. poncedeleoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3D2662FF4D2E1D6EE7FD65" box="[151,208,631,657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FF4D2E1D6EE7FD65" bold="true" box="[151,208,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC2F36D4BB3D2662FF1F2ECA6D11FD15" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FF1F2ECA6F73FD4D" box="[197,324,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B904D57BB3D2662FE912ECA6C49FD4E" box="[331,638,672,698]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Cicerinidae" genus="Acirrostylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="poncedeleoni" status="sp. nov.">Acirrostylus poncedeleoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FD5F2EF56ED2FD15" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5D757BDBB3D2662FD5F2EF56C89FD4D" box="[645,702,671,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FD5F2EF56C89FD4D" bold="true" box="[645,702,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: provisionally with the same diagnosis as the genus. The stylet is a 62
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="FEE4EAC6BB3D2662FF212EA26D11FD15" box="[251,806,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">m long tube with wing-like, lateral protrusions.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |