1229 lines
160 KiB
XML
1229 lines
160 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C71D805EF4C7BA23E02B082FA57C840E">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae) a parasite of Gymnetis litigiosa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Uruguay</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9730105041C491EF1EDA24632FA2E2E1">Orsini, María Noé Dambrosi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA7863D84834CF99B4993AB8BC8166E3">Cuellar, Natalia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3B626ED99CDB370C0EC0DFF6BD959BD">Rondan Dueñas, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E8D5EFF4D7B423ABAB5FA2D8D56B685">Gardenal, Cristina N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B52DA050C620FE613687DDDDD8E4040F">Doucet, Marcelo E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2FF9C615E47222699E8ECCFDC11C041">Lax, Paola</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F44C894878E3DAD53BA1EB6F1C5FDC5F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8DAEE5FC9C3FBA9DB0102B8557D534AF">
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<mods:date id="926AC0EBAFCB497C55CDC4F49392BF18">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="52E7E21D770704F7710353536EA3CA65">2018-01-23</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2D0887C7FF96271D3B8F81FBFD29FA46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5967971" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140417589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5967971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D0887C7FF96271D3B8F81FBFD29FA46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D0887C7FF96271D3B8F81FBFD29FA46" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF9627143B8F81FBFDBDFD91" box="[151,552,509,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9627143B8F81FBFDBDFD91" blockId="2.[151,552,509,568]" box="[151,552,509,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="FE5681BDFF9627143B8F81FBFDBDFD91" bold="true" box="[151,552,509,535]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143B8F81FBFDBDFD91" bold="true" box="[151,552,509,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9627143B8F81FBFE4AFD91" ID-CoL="9BW6Z" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,479,509,535]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143B8F81FBFE4AFD91" bold="true" box="[151,479,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9627143AFE81FBFDBDFD91" box="[486,552,509,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF96271E3B8F8219FB11FAA0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9627143B8F8219FE87FDBE" blockId="2.[151,552,509,568]" box="[151,274,543,568]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3D9A2A54FF9627143B878219FE9CFDBE" box="[159,265,543,568]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1731,1753]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1831,1853]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1434,193,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1436,193,1710]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,193,1920]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1437,193,1810]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,190,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[150,1436,193,1710]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[150,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1437,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. A. Entire body of female. B. Entire body of male. Female. C, D. Anterior and pharyngeal region. E. Excretory pore. F. Anterior seminal receptacle. G, H. Vulval region and posterior seminal receptacle. Male.I. Posterior region showing location of caudal papillae." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. Female. A, B. Entire body. C. Anterior and pharyngeal region. D–F. Detail of isthmus and pharyngealbasal bulb." captionText-2="FIGURE3. Thelastoma vanwaerebekein. sp. Female.A.Seminal receptacle(arrow) of theanterior ovarybranch.B,C.Vulval region.D. Seminal receptacle (arrow) of the posterior ovary branch. E. Eggs. F. Tail.G.Phasmids (arrow)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. Male. A. Entire body, showing ventral transverse lines (arrow). B. Anterior and pharyngeal region. C. Lateral alae (ventral view). D. Posterior region (ventral view), showing the end of lateral alae and a pair of papillae (arrow) at mid caudal filament. E. Posterior region (lateral view), showing the lateral alae (arrow). F. Posterior region (ventral view) with detail of transverse lines. G. Posterior region (ventral view), showing the pairs of caudal papillae (arrows).H. Irregularly arranged protuberances (arrow) near the anus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1158276/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1158278/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1158280/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1158282/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9627143B8F8261FE48FD06" blockId="2.[151,1437,615,1973]" box="[151,477,615,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143B8F8261FED8FD06" bold="true" box="[151,333,615,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="E823036AFF9627143A9C8261FE42FD06" box="[388,471,615,640]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. All measurements are in µm and in the form: mean ±s.d. (range)." pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9627143BDF828AFBFCFD23" blockId="2.[151,1437,615,1973]" box="[199,1129,652,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
|
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<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143BDF828AFEC7FD23" bold="true" box="[199,338,652,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="B3A7FD58FF9627143AD3828AFDD0FD23" box="[459,581,652,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="female">30 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and males, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF962714387D828AFC52FD23" box="[869,967,652,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF96271438E5828AFBC8FD23" box="[1021,1117,652,677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9627143BDF82A9FAC3FA1E" blockId="2.[151,1437,615,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143BDF82A9FEB0FD4E" bold="true" box="[199,293,687,712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body spindle-shaped, reaching maximum width at the vulval region. Cuticle transversally striated. Lack of lateral alae. Labial annule clearly set off from the rest of the body; first body annule large, extending to the beginning of the pharynx corpus. Posteriorly, annules more reduced in size and become almost undetectable behind the anus. Buccal cavity rectangular, with sclerotized walls. Pharynx composed of three parts: corpus, isthmus and basal bulb. Nerve ring located approximately at the middle region of pharynx. Corpus cylindrical, set off from isthmus by a more or less marked constriction. Basal bulb ovoid, with refringent valvular apparatus. Excretory pore located at 15.2% (10.3–19.2%) of total body length and situated at level of mid-basal bulb in most of the specimens; it was observed near the beginning of the basal bulb only in 3 individuals. Cardia present. Intestine dilated at anterior end, followed by a gradual narrowing toward posterior end. Reproductive system didelphicamphidelphic. Vulval slit located approximately at midbody; vulval lips protuberant in 47% of the analyzed specimens, being slightly protruding in the remaining (53%) individuals. Vagina anteriorly directed; each one of the uteri is connected with an ovary. One ovary extends posteriorly, flexing between the vulva and the anus and then directing anteriorad again; it curves near the anterior portion of intestine, ending at level of vulva. The other ovary extends towards the anterior region, flexing near the beginning of the intestine, and ending near the anus. A seminal receptacle with sperm is observed in each of the branches of the reproductive system, between the uterus and the ovary. In the branch directing posteriorly, the seminal receptacle is easily visible and is situated ventrally between the vulva and the anus; in the anteriorly extending branch, the seminal receptacle is located approximately at level of the flexing, being difficult to distinguish in gravid females. Uterus containing numerous oval eggs; egg surface is smooth
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143A7A853FFE38FAD6" box="[354,429,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and irregular in fixed specimens. Posteriorly to the nematode body, the intestine becomes tubular and in the posterior portion it connects with the rectum, which ends in the anus. Tail filiform, representing 28.2% (21.7–33.3%) of total body length. Phasmids are located laterally at the beginning of caudal filament.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9627143BDF85A2FAB0F833" blockId="2.[151,1437,615,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9627143BDF85A2FE9EFA3B" bold="true" box="[199,267,1444,1469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Smaller than females. Body thin, truncate at level of anus, ending in a filiform caudal appendage. Cuticle with regular transverse striations with annules increasing gradually and becoming more pronounced in the mid region of body, where it reaches its maximum width. Pair of longitudinal lateral alae; they extend approximately from the level of the nerve ring in the isthmus, gradually widening and ending anteriorly to anus. Labial ring barely differentiated from the rest of the body. Buccal cavity rectangular; pharynx composed of a cylindrical corpus that narrows slightly to connect with a short cylindrical isthmus. Basal bulb ovoid with a refringent valvular apparatus. Nerve ring located approximately at 60% of pharynx length. Excretory pore located at 12.8% (8.6–15.2%) of total body length, at level of mid-basal bulb. Intestine tubular, simple. Testis long; it extends from the cloacal aperture, folding on itself.
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF96271439C786C3FCB9F95A" box="[735,812,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">In vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, anteriorly to anus and in the ventral region, a series of thin transverse lines composed of small protuberances were observed in the cuticle; these lines were highly variable in length and number. Another group of similar lines was distinguished at midbody in some individuals. In addition, irregularly arranged protuberances were observed near the anus; these structures were not observed in fixed and transparent specimens. Four pairs of caudal papillae: one prominent ventral preanal pair, overlapping the anus; one adanal pair, one postanal ventral pair, and one pair, located approximately at mid caudal filament. Lack of spicule and gubernaculum. Tail long, filiform, representing 15.3% (11.2–19.6%) of total body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9727153B8F809EFF7EFF49" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9727153B8F809EFF7EFF49" blockId="3.[151,1435,152,207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9727153B8F809EFE9CFF29" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9727153ACF809EFD6DFF29" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[471,760,152,175]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9727153ACF809EFD6DFF29" box="[471,760,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF97271539E6809EFCAFFF29" bold="true" box="[766,826,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF97271539E6809EFCAFFF29" box="[766,826,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All measurements are in µm and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9727153B8780ECFCECF809" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<table id="D7A1C471FF97D8E93B8780ECFAD3F809" box="[159,1350,234,1935]" gridcols="5" gridrows="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8780ECFAD3FF79" box="[159,1350,234,255]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
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<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8780ECFE49FF79" box="[159,476,234,255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Character</th>
|
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<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396780ECFD44FF79" box="[639,721,234,255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Females</th>
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E680ECFBC7FF79" box="[1022,1106,234,255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Males</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878114FAD3FEA1" box="[159,1350,274,295]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1">
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<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678114FD44FEA1" box="[639,721,274,295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Holoype</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038114FC39FEA1" box="[795,940,274,295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Paratypes</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68114FBC7FEA1" box="[1022,1106,274,295]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Allotype</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68114FAD3FEA1" box="[1214,1350,274,295]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Paratypes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87813CFAD3FEC9" box="[159,1350,314,335]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B87813CFE49FEC9" box="[159,476,314,335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">n</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93967813CFD44FEC9" box="[639,721,314,335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803813CFC39FEC9" box="[795,940,314,335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">29</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E6813CFBC7FEC9" box="[1022,1106,314,335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6813CFAD3FEC9" box="[1214,1350,314,335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878164FAD3FEF1" box="[159,1350,354,375]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878164FE49FEF1" box="[159,476,354,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">L</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678164FD44FEF1" box="[639,721,354,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1955</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038164FC39FEF1" box="[795,940,354,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">2250 ± 350.9</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68164FBC7FEF1" box="[1022,1106,354,375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1152</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68164FAD3FEF1" box="[1214,1350,354,375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1126 ± 69.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87818CFAD3FE19" box="[159,1350,394,415]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803818CFC39FE19" box="[795,940,394,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(1726–3273)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6818CFAD3FE19" box="[1214,1350,394,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(1002–1403)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8781B4FAD3FE41" box="[159,1350,434,455]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8781B4FE49FE41" box="[159,476,434,455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">a</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396781B4FD44FE41" box="[639,721,434,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380381B4FC39FE41" box="[795,940,434,455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">10.5 ± 2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E681B4FBC7FE41" box="[1022,1106,434,455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">15.4</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA681B4FAD3FE41" box="[1214,1350,434,455]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">18.2 ± 1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8781DCFAD3FE69" box="[159,1350,474,495]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380381DCFC39FE69" box="[795,940,474,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(6.8–18.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA681DCFAD3FE69" box="[1214,1350,474,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(13.1–23.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878204FAD3FD91" box="[159,1350,514,535]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878204FE49FD91" box="[159,476,514,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">b</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678204FD44FD91" box="[639,721,514,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">5</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038204FC39FD91" box="[795,940,514,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">5.8 ± 0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68204FBC7FD91" box="[1022,1106,514,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68204FAD3FD91" box="[1214,1350,514,535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">7.6 ± 0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87822CFAD3FDB9" box="[159,1350,554,575]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803822CFC39FDB9" box="[795,940,554,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(4.5–9)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6822CFAD3FDB9" box="[1214,1350,554,575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(6.5–9.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878254FAD3FDE1" box="[159,1350,594,615]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878254FE49FDE1" box="[159,476,594,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">c</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678254FD44FDE1" box="[639,721,594,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038254FC39FDE1" box="[795,940,594,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">3.6 ± 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68254FBC7FDE1" box="[1022,1106,594,615]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">6</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68254FAD3FDE1" box="[1214,1350,594,615]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">6.6 ± 0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87827CFAD3FD09" box="[159,1350,634,655]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803827CFC39FD09" box="[795,940,634,655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(3–4.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6827CFAD3FD09" box="[1214,1350,634,655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(5.1–8.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8782A4FAD3FD31" box="[159,1350,674,695]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8782A4FE49FD31" box="[159,476,674,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">V</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396782A4FD44FD31" box="[639,721,674,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">47.7</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380382A4FC39FD31" box="[795,940,674,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">46.3 ± 3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E682A4FBC7FD31" box="[1022,1106,674,695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA682A4FAD3FD31" box="[1214,1350,674,695]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8782CCFAD3FD59" box="[159,1350,714,735]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380382CCFC39FD59" box="[795,940,714,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(38.2–51)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8782F4FAD3FC81" box="[159,1350,754,775]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8782F4FE49FC81" box="[159,476,754,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">First labial annule width</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396782F4FD44FC81" box="[639,721,754,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">30</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380382F4FC39FC81" box="[795,940,754,775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">28.4 ± 2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E682F4FBC7FC81" box="[1022,1106,754,775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA682F4FAD3FC81" box="[1214,1350,754,775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87831CFAD3FCA9" box="[159,1350,794,815]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803831CFC39FCA9" box="[795,940,794,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(24–35)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878344FAD3FCD1" box="[159,1350,834,855]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878344FE49FCD1" box="[159,476,834,855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Buccal cavity length</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678344FD44FCD1" box="[639,721,834,855]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">13</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038344FC39FCD1" box="[795,940,834,855]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">11.8 ± 1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68344FBC7FCD1" box="[1022,1106,834,855]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68344FAD3FCD1" box="[1214,1350,834,855]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87836CFAD3FCF9" box="[159,1350,874,895]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803836CFC39FCF9" box="[795,940,874,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(10–15)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878394FAD3FC21" box="[159,1350,914,935]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878394FE49FC21" box="[159,476,914,935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Buccal cavity width</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678394FD44FC21" box="[639,721,914,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">5</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038394FC39FC21" box="[795,940,914,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">5</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68394FBC7FC21" box="[1022,1106,914,935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68394FAD3FC21" box="[1214,1350,914,935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8783BCFAD3FC49" box="[159,1350,954,975]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380383BCFC39FC49" box="[795,940,954,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8783E4FAD3FC71" box="[159,1350,994,1015]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8783E4FE49FC71" box="[159,476,994,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Nerve ring from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396783E4FD44FC71" box="[639,721,994,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">130</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380383E4FC39FC71" box="[795,940,994,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">137.8 ± 11</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E683E4FBC7FC71" box="[1022,1106,994,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">80</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA683E4FAD3FC71" box="[1214,1350,994,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">83.4 ± 7.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87840CFAD3FB99" box="[159,1350,1034,1055]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803840CFC39FB99" box="[795,940,1034,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(118–175)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6840CFAD3FB99" box="[1214,1350,1034,1055]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(48–95)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878434FAD3FBC1" box="[159,1350,1074,1095]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878434FE49FBC1" box="[159,476,1074,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Excretory pore from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678434FD44FBC1" box="[639,721,1074,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">350</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038434FC39FBC1" box="[795,940,1074,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">335.4 ± 37.7</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68434FBC7FBC1" box="[1022,1106,1074,1095]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">162.5</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68434FAD3FBC1" box="[1214,1350,1074,1095]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">142.9 ± 12.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87845CFAD3FBE9" box="[159,1350,1114,1135]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803845CFC39FBE9" box="[795,940,1114,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(282–486)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6845CFAD3FBE9" box="[1214,1350,1114,1135]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(87.5–170)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878484FAD3FB11" box="[159,1350,1154,1175]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878484FE49FB11" box="[159,476,1154,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Pharynx length</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678484FD44FB11" box="[639,721,1154,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">393</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038484FC39FB11" box="[795,940,1154,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">389.4 ± 43.1</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68484FBC7FB11" box="[1022,1106,1154,1175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">158</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68484FAD3FB11" box="[1214,1350,1154,1175]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">148.8 ± 8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8784ACFAD3FB39" box="[159,1350,1194,1215]" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380384ACFC39FB39" box="[795,940,1194,1215]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(300–511)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA684ACFAD3FB39" box="[1214,1350,1194,1215]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(130–167.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8784D4FAD3FB61" box="[159,1350,1234,1255]" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8784D4FE49FB61" box="[159,476,1234,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Basal bulb length</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396784D4FD44FB61" box="[639,721,1234,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">83</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380384D4FC39FB61" box="[795,940,1234,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">78.2 ± 8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E684D4FBC7FB61" box="[1022,1106,1234,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">36</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA684D4FAD3FB61" box="[1214,1350,1234,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">35.6 ± 2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8784FCFAD3FA89" box="[159,1350,1274,1295]" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380384FCFC39FA89" box="[795,940,1274,1295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(65–105)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA684FCFAD3FA89" box="[1214,1350,1274,1295]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(30–43)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878524FAD3FAB1" box="[159,1350,1314,1335]" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878524FE49FAB1" box="[159,476,1314,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Basal bulb width</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678524FD44FAB1" box="[639,721,1314,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">80</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038524FC39FAB1" box="[795,940,1314,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">80 ± 8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68524FBC7FAB1" box="[1022,1106,1314,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">31</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68524FAD3FAB1" box="[1214,1350,1314,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">29.9 ± 2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87854CFAD3FAD9" box="[159,1350,1354,1375]" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803854CFC39FAD9" box="[795,940,1354,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(60–105)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6854CFAD3FAD9" box="[1214,1350,1354,1375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(25–36)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878574FAD3FA01" box="[159,1350,1394,1415]" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878574FE49FA01" box="[159,476,1394,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Vulva from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678574FD44FA01" box="[639,721,1394,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">932</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038574FC39FA01" box="[795,940,1394,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1036.5 ± 128.3</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68574FBC7FA01" box="[1022,1106,1394,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68574FAD3FA01" box="[1214,1350,1394,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87859CFAD3FA29" box="[159,1350,1434,1455]" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803859CFC39FA29" box="[795,940,1434,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(754–1262)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8785C4FAD3FA51" box="[159,1350,1474,1495]" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8785C4FE49FA51" box="[159,476,1474,1495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Maximum body width*</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396785C4FD44FA51" box="[639,721,1474,1495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">275</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380385C4FC39FA51" box="[795,940,1474,1495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">222.5 ± 50.9</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E685C4FBC7FA51" box="[1022,1106,1474,1495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">75</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA685C4FAD3FA51" box="[1214,1350,1474,1495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">62.7 ± 7.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8785ECFAD3FA79" box="[159,1350,1514,1535]" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380385ECFC39FA79" box="[795,940,1514,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(138–340)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA685ECFAD3FA79" box="[1214,1350,1514,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(49–84)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878614FAD3F9A1" box="[159,1350,1554,1575]" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878614FE49F9A1" box="[159,476,1554,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Tail length</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678614FD44F9A1" box="[639,721,1554,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">546</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038614FC39F9A1" box="[795,940,1554,1575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">632.3 ± 106.4</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68614FBC7F9A1" box="[1022,1106,1554,1575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">193</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68614FAD3F9A1" box="[1214,1350,1554,1575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">171.7 ± 15.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87863CFAD3F9C9" box="[159,1350,1594,1615]" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803863CFC39F9C9" box="[795,940,1594,1615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(493–909)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA6863CFAD3F9C9" box="[1214,1350,1594,1615]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(139.2–232.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878664FAD3F9F1" box="[159,1350,1634,1655]" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878664FE49F9F1" box="[159,476,1634,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Anus from anterior end</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678664FD44F9F1" box="[639,721,1634,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1432</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038664FC39F9F1" box="[795,940,1634,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1657.3 ± 377.3</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E68664FBC7F9F1" box="[1022,1106,1634,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68664FAD3F9F1" box="[1214,1350,1634,1655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87868CFAD3F919" box="[159,1350,1674,1695]" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803868CFC39F919" box="[795,940,1674,1695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(1175–3114)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8786B4FAD3F941" box="[159,1350,1714,1735]" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B8786B4FE49F941" box="[159,476,1714,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Body width at anus</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9396786B4FD44F941" box="[639,721,1714,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">158</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380386B4FC39F941" box="[795,940,1714,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">139.6 ± 28.1</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938E686B4FBC7F941" box="[1022,1106,1714,1735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">40</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA686B4FAD3F941" box="[1214,1350,1714,1735]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">34.3 ± 3.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B8786DCFAD3F969" box="[159,1350,1754,1775]" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E9380386DCFC39F969" box="[795,940,1754,1775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(100–200)</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA686DCFAD3F969" box="[1214,1350,1754,1775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(24–48)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878704FAD3F891" box="[159,1350,1794,1815]" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878704FE49F891" box="[159,476,1794,1815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Egg length</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678704FD44F891" box="[639,721,1794,1815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038704FC39F891" box="[795,940,1794,1815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">62.2 ± 10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68704FAD3F891" box="[1214,1350,1794,1815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87872CFAD3F8B9" box="[159,1350,1834,1855]" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803872CFC39F8B9" box="[795,940,1834,1855]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(47.5–92.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B878754FAD3F8E1" box="[159,1350,1874,1895]" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="58405DEFFF97D8E93B878754FE49F8E1" box="[159,476,1874,1895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Egg width</th>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E939678754FD44F8E1" box="[639,721,1874,1895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E938038754FC39F8E1" box="[795,940,1874,1895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">44.7 ± 4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93FA68754FAD3F8E1" box="[1214,1350,1874,1895]" gridcol="4" gridrow="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1B913493FF97D8E93B87877CFAD3F809" box="[159,1350,1914,1935]" gridrow="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="58405DEFFF97D8E93803877CFC39F809" box="[795,940,1914,1935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">(37.5–50)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9727153B8F87B6FE49F841" blockId="3.[151,476,1968,1991]" box="[151,476,1968,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">* At the vulva level (females).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9027123B8F877AFC91F849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158276/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" targetBox="[154,1434,193,1874]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9027123B8F877AFC91F849" blockId="4.[151,1436,1916,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9027123B8F877AFE81F817" bold="true" box="[151,276,1916,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9027123A03877AFDA5F814" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,560,1916,1938]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9027123A03877AFDA5F814" box="[283,560,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF902712392F877AFDE7F817" bold="true" box="[567,626,1916,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF902712392F877AFDE7F817" box="[567,626,1916,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Entire body of female. B. Entire body of male. Female. C, D. Anterior and pharyngeal region. E. Excretory pore. F. Anterior seminal receptacle. G, H. Vulval region and posterior seminal receptacle. Male. I. Posterior region showing location of caudal papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9127133B8F86C5FE6EF97E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158278/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1710]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9127133B8F86C5FE6EF97E" blockId="5.[151,1435,1731,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9127133B8F86C5FE81F95E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1731,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9127133A0486C5FDA4F95F" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[284,561,1731,1753]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9127133A0486C5FDA4F95F" box="[284,561,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF912713392186C2FDE7F95F" box="[569,626,1732,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF912713392186C2FDF8F95F" bold="true" box="[569,621,1732,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Female. A, B. Entire body. C. Anterior and pharyngeal region. D–F. Detail of isthmus and pharyngeal basal bulb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9227103B8F8790FB59F84D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158280/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1920]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9227103B8F8790FB59F84D" blockId="6.[151,1435,1942,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9227103B8F8790FE87F82D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1942,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9227103A008790FDBEF82A" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,555,1942,1964]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9227103A008790FDBEF82A" box="[280,555,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF92271039288791FDFDF82A" box="[560,616,1943,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF92271039288791FDF6F82A" bold="true" box="[560,611,1943,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Female. A. Seminal receptacle (arrow) of the anterior ovary branch. B, C. Vulval region. D. Seminal receptacle (arrow) of the posterior ovary branch. E. Eggs. F. Tail. G. Phasmids (arrow).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9327113B8F8721FCC9F83E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158282/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[151,1437,193,1810]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9327113B8F8721FCC9F83E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1831,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9327113B8F8721FE86F8BA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1831,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9327113A028721FDB8F8BB" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[282,557,1831,1853]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9327113A028721FDB8F8BB" box="[282,557,1831,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF932711392C8721FDFBF8BA" bold="true" box="[564,622,1831,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF932711392C8721FDFBF8BA" box="[564,622,1831,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male. A. Entire body, showing ventral transverse lines (arrow). B. Anterior and pharyngeal region. C. Lateral alae (ventral view). D. Posterior region (ventral view), showing the end of lateral alae and a pair of papillae (arrow) at mid caudal filament. E. Posterior region (lateral view), showing the lateral alae (arrow). F. Posterior region (ventral view) with detail of transverse lines. G. Posterior region (ventral view), showing the pairs of caudal papillae (arrows). H. Irregularly arranged protuberances (arrow) near the anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF8091FE08FE72" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF8091FCD8FF36" bold="true" box="[199,845,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E384C8091FB13FF36" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[852,1158,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E384C8091FB13FF36" box="[852,1158,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3F958091FB59FF36" bold="true" box="[1165,1228,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9C271E3F958091FB59FF36" box="[1165,1228,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was characterized genetically by the sequences of the 18S SSU rRNA (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E39ED80BAFCFAFF53" box="[757,879,188,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP715348" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KP715348</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E386680BAFC63FF53" box="[894,1014,188,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP715351" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KP715351</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and the D2-D3 expansion segments (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3B8680D9FE8BFF7E" box="[158,286,223,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX987865" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KX987865</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3A3580D9FE39FF7E" box="[301,428,223,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX987867" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KX987867</accessionNumber>
|
||
). A fragment of 893 bp was sequenced for the 18S gene region in the new species; the genetic similarity percentages with the available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E39AE8102FCACFE9B" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[694,825,260,285]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E39AE8102FCACFE9B" box="[694,825,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences were 98% with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3F7E8103FAF8FE9A" authority="Carreno, 2007" authorityName="Carreno" authorityYear="2007" box="[1126,1389,260,285]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="krausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3F7E8103FB52FE9B" box="[1126,1223,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. krausi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9C271E3FD58102FAF8FE9A" author="Carreno" box="[1229,1389,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Nadler, S. A., Carreno, R. A., Mejia-Madrid, H., Ullberg, J., Pagan, C., Houston, R. & Hugot, J. P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism. Parasitology, 134, 1421 - 1442. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182007002880" type="journal article" year="2007">Carreno, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 95% with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3A0C812FFEE4FEC6" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Schwenck" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[276,369,297,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="icemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3A0C812FFEE4FEC6" box="[276,369,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. icemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3AA9812FFB50FEC6" authority="Koubkova, Barus, Matejusova, Hodova & Koubek, 2006" authorityName="Koubkova, Barus, Matejusova, Hodova & Koubek" authorityYear="2006" box="[433,1221,295,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gueyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3AA9812FFD8FFEC6" box="[433,538,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. gueyei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9C271E393E8121FB50FEC6" author="Koubkova" box="[550,1221,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Koubkova, B., Barus, V., Matejusova, I., Hodova, I. & Koubek, P. (2006) Thelastoma gueyei sp. n. (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) from the Senegal diplopod Archispirostreptus tumuliporus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae). Nematology, 8, 739 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854106778877910" type="journal article" year="2006">Koubková, Baruš, Matějusová, Hodová & Koubek, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The phylogenetic relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3A5B814BFD93FEE3" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[323,518,332,357]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3A5B814BFD93FEE3" box="[323,518,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3916814AFDDBFEE3" bold="true" box="[526,590,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9C271E3916814AFDDBFEE3" box="[526,590,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with sequences of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E388E814AFB8CFEE3" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[918,1049,332,357]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E388E814AFB8CFEE3" box="[918,1049,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. inferred from 18S sequences using the ML method, is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D9A2A54FF9C271E392A8169FD03FE0E" box="[562,662,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1058,1080]" captionTargetBox="[230,1354,568,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[215,1371,553,1036]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. based on 18S SSU rRNA sequences from GenBank.Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion for Maximum Likelihood." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158284/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
. The analysis showed a well-supported group (97% bootstrap) that comprised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3A0A8193FE41FE2B" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[274,468,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3A0A8193FE41FE2B" box="[274,468,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3AC48192FD8EFE2B" bold="true" box="[476,539,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9C271E3AC48192FD8EFE2B" box="[476,539,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E39498193FD24FE2B" authorityName="Carreno" authorityYear="2007" box="[593,689,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="krausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E39498193FD24FE2B" box="[593,689,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. krausi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This group was closer to the clade (74% bootstrap) comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3E9F8193FF41FE56" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Schwenck" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="icemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3E9F8193FF41FE56" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. icemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3A1381B1FC9BFE56" authority="van Waerebeke, 1978" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1978" box="[267,782,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Leidynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="portentosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3A1381B1FD84FE56" box="[267,529,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Leidynema portentosae</emphasis>
|
||
van Waerebeke, 1978
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E380281B1FC78FE56" authorityName="Koubkova, Barus, Matejusova, Hodova & Koubek" authorityYear="2006" box="[794,1005,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gueyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E380281B1FC78FE56" box="[794,1005,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma gueyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed a marked separation from the rest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3BFC81DAFEF2FE73" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[228,359,476,501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BFC81DAFEF2FE73" box="[228,359,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9C271E3B8F8424FBBDFBD0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158284/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" targetBox="[230,1354,568,1024]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3B8F8424FBBDFBD0" blockId="8.[151,1435,1058,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3B8F8424FE8DFBB1" bold="true" box="[151,280,1058,1080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E397C8424FCE8FBBE" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[612,893,1058,1080]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E397C8424FCE8FBBE" box="[612,893,1058,1080]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E38918424FC5DFBB1" bold="true" box="[905,968,1058,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9C271E38918424FC5DFBB1" box="[905,968,1058,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
based on 18S SSU rRNA sequences from GenBank. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion for Maximum Likelihood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF8479FB11FAA0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1149,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
For the D2-D3 regions, a fragment of 752 bp was sequenced. The genetic similarity percentages obtained were 85% with two unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E396484A7FD6AFB3C" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[636,767,1185,1210]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E396484A7FD6AFB3C" box="[636,767,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E380F84A7FC1AFB3C" box="[791,911,1185,1210]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ343845" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">JQ343845</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E38BC84A7FBB7FB3C" box="[932,1058,1185,1210]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ368468" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">GQ368468</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3F6D84A5FB6FFB3C" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Magalhaes" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1141,1274,1185,1210]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bulhoesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3F6D84A5FB6FFB3C" box="[1141,1274,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. bulhoesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3E0A84A4FA05FB3C" box="[1298,1424,1186,1210]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP172224" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KP172224</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Phylogenetic tree inferred by BI showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E398E84C1FCCCFB58" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[662,857,1221,1246]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E398E84C1FCCCFB58" box="[662,857,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E387884C3FC0AFB58" bold="true" box="[864,927,1221,1246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9C271E387884C3FC0AFB58" box="[864,927,1221,1246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
formed a clade with the known sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3B8F84EDFE87FA84" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Magalhaes" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,274,1257,1282]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bulhoesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3B8F84EDFE87FA84" box="[151,274,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">T. bulhoesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3A5084EFFE5EFA84" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[328,459,1257,1282]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3A5084EFFE5EFA84" box="[328,459,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.. This group had a close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E38D284EFFBD0FA84" authorityName="Schwenk in Travassos" authorityYear="1929" box="[970,1093,1257,1282]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Leidynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E38D284EFFBD0FA84" box="[970,1093,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Leidynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E3FA984EFFA09FA84" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1932" box="[1201,1436,1257,1282]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Hammerschmidtiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3FA984EFFA09FA84" box="[1201,1436,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Hammerschmidtiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D9A2A54FF9C271E3BCC850BFE8DFAA0" box="[212,280,1293,1318]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1659,1681]" captionTargetBox="[186,1399,302,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[186,1400,301,1638]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships of Thelastoma vanwaerebekei n. sp. based on 28S LSU rRNA sequences from GenBank.Valuesof Bayesianposterior probabilities (left) and MaximumLikelihood bootstrap values (right) are representedat the nodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158286/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); the same tree topology was observed with the ML method (data not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="CC2E2F3AFF9C271C3B8F857CFC49FDBB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF9C271E3B8F857CFD20F9C3" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3B8F857CFE0BFA12" blockId="8.[151,414,1402,1428]" box="[151,414,1402,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<heading id="FE5681BDFF9C271E3B8F857CFE0BFA12" bold="true" box="[151,414,1402,1428]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3B8F857CFE0BFA12" bold="true" box="[151,414,1402,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Taxonomic summary</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3B8F85C6FA03FA5F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" box="[151,1430,1472,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3B8F85C6FE01FA5F" bold="true" box="[151,404,1472,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9C271E3B8F85C6FF47FA5F" box="[151,210,1472,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
host and origin:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E391485C7FD4DFA5F" authorityName="Gory & Percheron" authorityYear="1833" box="[524,728,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litigiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E391485C7FD4DFA5F" box="[524,728,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Gymnetis litigiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E39FE85C6FCF2FA5F" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[742,871,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E386985C6FB93FA5F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[881,1030,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDB67641FF9C271E3F4985C7FB26FA5F" box="[1105,1203,1473,1497]" name="Uruguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(locality unknown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF85E2FE7AFA7B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" box="[199,495,1508,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF85E2FE1EFA7B" bold="true" box="[199,395,1508,1533]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Site of infection:</emphasis>
|
||
hindgut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF860EFD20F9C3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF860EFE75F9A7" bold="true" box="[199,480,1544,1569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Ecological parameters:</emphasis>
|
||
Prevalence: 74%; mean intensity: 11.9 nematodes per coleopteran infected larva (n=23). Not found in adults of the insect (n=20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF9C271E3BDF8656FAFCF89B" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF8656FADFF953" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF8656FEEFF9EF" bold="true" box="[199,378,1616,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9C271E3BDF8656FE97F9EF" box="[199,258,1616,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9C271E3A9C8656FE79F9EF" box="[388,492,1616,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (CZA
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E39818657FD7DF9EE" box="[665,744,1617,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">TVWF</collectionCode>
|
||
01);
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9C271E38318656FC16F9EF" box="[809,899,1616,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (CZA
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E3F028657FBE6F9EE" box="[1050,1139,1617,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">TVWM</collectionCode>
|
||
01);
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9C271E3FAC8657FA81F9EF" box="[1204,1300,1617,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="B3A7FD58FF9C271E3E078657FA09F9EF" box="[1311,1436,1616,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="female">29 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(CZA
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E3BF08673FEA2F90A" box="[232,311,1653,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">TVWF</collectionCode>
|
||
02–30), and
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9C271E3AFD8673FDD0F90B" box="[485,581,1653,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="B3A7FD58FF9C271E394D8673FD54F90B" box="[597,705,1652,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="male">29 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(CZA
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E383A8673FCEEF90A" box="[802,891,1653,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">TVWM</collectionCode>
|
||
02–30) are deposited in the Laboratorio de Nematología [Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6765F833FF9C271E38F586BAFBC4F953" box="[1005,1105,1724,1749]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6765F833FF9C271E3F4386BAFB2BF953" box="[1115,1214,1724,1749]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDB67641FF9C271E3FD286BAFAD5F953" box="[1226,1344,1724,1749]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF86E6FAFCF89B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF86E6FE6DF97F" bold="true" box="[199,504,1760,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Voucher
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E3A2B86E6FEE5F97F" box="[307,368,1760,1785]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
sequences:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
18S
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E392C86E7FDF2F97F" box="[564,615,1761,1785]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fye2-vfes" name="Saratov State University" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">SSU</collectionCode>
|
||
rRNA gene, partial sequence, GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3E0E86E6FA1BF97F" box="[1302,1422,1760,1785]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP715348" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KP715348</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3B8F8702FE87F89B" box="[151,274,1796,1821]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP715351" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KP715351</accessionNumber>
|
||
. The 28S
|
||
<collectionCode id="C3B0AE14FF9C271E3A9A8703FE22F89B" box="[386,439,1797,1821]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15590" name="Louisiana State University - Herbarium" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">LSU</collectionCode>
|
||
rRNA gene, partial sequence, GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3F428702FB4DF89B" box="[1114,1240,1796,1821]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX987865" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KX987865</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="BAF2AB32FF9C271E3FFE8702FAF1F89B" box="[1254,1380,1796,1821]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX987867" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">KX987867</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF9C271E3BDF872EFB73F8E3" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271E3BDF872EFB73F8E3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF872EFEC4F8C7" bold="true" box="[199,337,1832,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named in honor of the Belgian parasitologist Daniel van Waerebeke who was a specialist of nematodes of arthropods. He described several species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E38CF874AFB05F8E3" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" box="[983,1168,1868,1893]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Thelastomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF9C271C3BDF8776FC49FDBB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9C271F3BDF8776FE18FF7E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1472,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3BDF8776FDBFF80F" bold="true" box="[199,554,1904,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis and relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
The vulva of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9C271E38998776FB2EF80F" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[897,1211,1904,1929]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E38998776FB2EF80F" box="[897,1211,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9C271E3FD48776FA80F80F" bold="true" box="[1228,1301,1904,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9C271E3FD48776FA80F80F" box="[1228,1301,1904,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is located approximately at midbody, with a seminal receptacle on each reproductive branch. The excretory pore is located at the level of the mid-basal bulb or slightly near the isthmus. The tail is filiform, representing 28% of body length. Males have lateral alae extending approximately from the beginning of the pharynx basal bulb, gradually widening and ending anteriorly to the anus. Presence of 4 pairs of caudal papillae: one prominent ventral preanal pair, one adanal pair, one postanal ventral pair and a pair located approximately at mid caudal filament. Spicule and gubernaculum absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1DE6659FF9D271F3B8F867DFF6BF949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1158286/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" targetBox="[186,1399,302,1638]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9D271F3B8F867DFF6BF949" blockId="9.[151,1435,1659,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3B8F867DFE8DF916" bold="true" box="[151,280,1659,1681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271F397B867DFCE9F917" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[611,892,1659,1681]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F397B867DFCE9F917" box="[611,892,1659,1681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3891867AFC5DF917" bold="true" box="[905,968,1660,1681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9D271F3891867AFC5DF917" box="[905,968,1660,1681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
based on 28S LSU rRNA sequences from GenBank. Values of Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (right) are represented at the nodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9D271C3BDF86FAFC49FDBB" blockId="9.[151,1436,1787,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
On the basis of the ratio of female tail length to the total body length (in %),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271F3F0386FBFB48F892" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[1051,1245,1787,1812]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3F0386FBFB48F892" box="[1051,1245,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3FFB86FDFAB4F892" bold="true" box="[1251,1313,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9D271F3FFB86FDFAB4F892" box="[1251,1313,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
belongs to group “C” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271F3A238719FE2BF8BE" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[315,446,1823,1848]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3A238719FE2BF8BE" box="[315,446,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9D271F39B28726FC71F8BE" author="Barus" box="[682,996,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Barus, V. & Koubkova, B. (2002) The first species of Thelastoma Leidy, 1849 (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) parasitizing the scorpion Euscorpius italicus (Chactidae: Scorpionidea). Systematic Parasitology, 53, 141 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1020470108631" type="journal article" year="2002">Baruš & Koubková (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This group comprises species with a medium to long, filiform or subfiliform tail, representing 12–30% of the total body length. It is the largest group since it comprises 30 species and two populations identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271F38708761FC7EF806" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[872,1003,1895,1920]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F38708761FC7EF806" box="[872,1003,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.; it includes species with unknown males and species with males with/without spicules.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271F381F878DFBA9F822" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[775,1084,1931,1956]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F381F878DFBA9F822" box="[775,1084,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3F50878DFB1EF822" bold="true" box="[1096,1163,1931,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9D271F3F50878DFB1EF822" box="[1096,1163,1931,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is within the group of species with males lacking spicules and females having their excretory pore at the same level as the bulb (or slightly anteriorly).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271F3A6487D5FD24F86A" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[380,689,2003,2028]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F3A6487D5FD24F86A" box="[380,689,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F39A387D5FD68F86A" bold="true" box="[699,765,2003,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9D271F39A387D5FD68F86A" box="[699,765,2003,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9D271C388387D3FECFFF36" authority="(Rao & Rao, 1966) Adamson & van Waerebeke, 1992" authorityName="Adamson & van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1992" baseAuthorityName="Rao & Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="raoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9D271F388387D3FC7CF86A" box="[923,1001,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">T. raoi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9D271F38E387D2FB5EF86A" author="Rao" box="[1019,1227,2003,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Rao, P. N. & Rao, V. J. (1966) Schwenkiella indica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae), a new nematode parasite of spotted roach with comments on the two allied genera Schwenkiella Basir, 1956 and Cephalobellus Cobb, 1920. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 18, 92 - 96." type="journal article" year="1966">Rao & Rao, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Adamson & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3B8F8091FECFFF36" author="Waerebeke" box="[151,346,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Adamson, M. L. & van Waerebeke, D. (1992) Revision of the Thelastomatoidea, Oxyurida of invertebrate hosts 1. Thelastomatidae. Systematic Parasitology, 21, 21 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00009911" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Waerebeke,
|
||
<quantity id="62599B34FF9E271C3A3A809EFECFFF36" box="[290,346,152,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05968" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="1992.0">1992</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the number of caudal papillae (4
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39E2809FFC84FF36" box="[762,785,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 3 pairs). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F13809FFB5AFF36" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[1035,1231,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F13809FFB5AFF36" box="[1035,1231,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3FCF8091FA82FF36" bold="true" box="[1239,1303,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C3FCF8091FA82FF36" box="[1239,1303,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3BE680BBFD3BFF53" authority="van Waerebeke, 1969" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1969" box="[254,686,188,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="madecassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3BE680BBFE39FF53" box="[254,428,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. madecassum</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3AF180BAFD3BFF53" author="Waerebeke" box="[489,686,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="van Waerebeke, D. (1969) Quelques nematodes parasites de blattes a Madagascar. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 44, 761 - 776." type="journal article" year="1969">Waerebeke, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39F480BAFCFAFF53" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[748,879,188,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39F480BAFCFAFF53" box="[748,879,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. B (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38DF80BAFBFDFF53" author="Dollfus" box="[967,1128,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Dollfus, R. (1964) Nematodes de myriapodes du Congo Belge. Memories de Museum National d´Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, 32, 109 - 169." type="journal article" year="1964">Dollfus, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in tail shape (filiform
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E6580BBFA01FF52" box="[1405,1428,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. conical), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A6B80E7FC22FF7E" authority="(Hammerschmidt, 1838) Leidy, 1853" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="Hammerschmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[371,951,223,248]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="depressum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A6B80E7FD92FF7E" box="[371,519,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. depressum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C390080D9FC8AFF7E" author="Hammerschmidt" box="[536,799,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Hammerschmidt, K. E. (1838) Helminthologische Beitrage. Isis von Oken, 5, 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1838">Hammerschmidt, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C383780D9FC22FF7E" author="Leidy" box="[815,951,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Leidy, J. (1853) A flora and fauna in living animals. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 5, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1853">
|
||
Leidy,
|
||
<quantity id="62599B34FF9E271C386780D9FC22FF7E" box="[895,951,223,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.706619999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="1853.0">1853</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in pharynx length (approximately 17% of body length
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A348103FED6FE9A" box="[300,323,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. one-fourth to one-third of the body length).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C38798102FB02FE9B" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[865,1175,260,285]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C38798102FB02FE9B" box="[865,1175,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3FBA8102FB73FE9B" bold="true" box="[1186,1254,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C3FBA8102FB73FE9B" box="[1186,1254,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E9F8103FD99FEC6" authority="Leibersperger, 1960" authorityName="Leibersperger" authorityYear="1960" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="blabericola">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E9F8103FE8DFEC6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. blabericola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3A3D8121FD99FEC6" author="Leibersperger" box="[293,524,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Leibersperger, E. (1960) Die Oxyuroidea der europaischen Arthropoden. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe, 11, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
Leibersperger,
|
||
<quantity id="62599B34FF9E271C3ACC8121FD99FEC6" box="[468,524,295,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9784" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="1960.0">1960</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in tail length of males (139.2–232.1 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F14812FFBB6FEC6" box="[1036,1059,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 290–370 µm).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3FF48121FAFAFEC6" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[1260,1391,295,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3FF48121FAFAFEC6" box="[1260,1391,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3B86814AFE48FEE2" author="Spiridonov" box="[158,477,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. & Ivanova, E. S. (1998) Parasitic nematodes of tropical megascolecid earthworm Pheretima leucocirca from Ba Vi National Park in Vietnam. Vestnik Zoologii, 32, 40 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Spiridonov & Ivanova 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3905814BFCBBFEE2" authority="Farooqui, 1970" authorityName="Farooqui" authorityYear="1970" box="[541,814,332,357]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="basiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3905814BFDEFFEE3" box="[541,634,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. basiri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C399A814AFCBBFEE2" author="Farooqui" box="[642,814,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Farooqui, M. N. (1970) Some known and new genera and species of the family Thelastomatidae Travassos, 1929. Rivista di Parassitologia, 31, 195 - 214." type="journal article" year="1970">Farooqui, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a hood-like cephalic expansion, which is also the first body annule; this characteristic is not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C38508177FB80FE0E" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[840,1045,367,392]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C38508177FB80FE0E" box="[840,1045,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F3E8169FBE5FE0E" bold="true" box="[1062,1136,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C3F3E8169FBE5FE0E" box="[1062,1136,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F9A8169FC12FE2A" authority="Chinglenkhomba, Gambhir, Tarnita, Gyaneswori & Indrani, 2007" authorityName="Chinglenkhomba, Gambhir, Tarnita, Gyaneswori & Indrani" authorityYear="2007" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="imphalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F9A8169FA09FE0E" box="[1154,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma imphalensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3B8F8192FC12FE2A" author="Chinglenkhomba" box="[151,903,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Chinglenkhomba, A., Gambhir, R. K., Tarnita, T. H., Gyaneswori, I. & Indrani, C. H. (2007) Thelastoma imphalensis, a new nematode of the family Thelastomatidae from Periplaneta americana of Imphal, Manipur. Flora and Fauna, 13, 206 - 208." type="journal article" year="2007">Chinglenkhomba, Gambhir, Tarnita, Gyaneswori & Indrani, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by having a first annule well developed and distinctly set off from the rest of the body annules defining a cephalic expansion.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E0181B1FE2DFE73" authority="Adamson, 1985" authorityName="Adamson" authorityYear="1985" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dessetae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E0181B1FF63FE73" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma dessetae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3A1A81DAFE2DFE73" author="Adamson" box="[258,440,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Adamson, M. L. (1985) Thelastoma dessetae n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea: Nematoda) from Paraguayan diplopods with comments on reproductive anatomy in Thelastoma. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 92, 413 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81623" type="journal article" year="1985">Adamson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the body cuticle anterior to the first annulation, forming a truncate cone which extends well posterior to beginning of the pharynx. None of those characteristics mentioned for the cephalic region of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3BAD8223FEC2FDBB" authorityName="Chinglenkhomba, Gambhir, Tarnita, Gyaneswori & Indrani" authorityYear="2007" box="[181,343,548,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="imphalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3BAD8223FEC2FDBB" box="[181,343,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. imphalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A958223FD92FDBB" authorityName="Adamson" authorityYear="1985" box="[397,519,548,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dessetae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A958223FD92FDBB" box="[397,519,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. dessetae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39CC8223FC02FDBB" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[724,919,548,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39CC8223FC02FDBB" box="[724,919,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C38868222FC49FDBB" bold="true" box="[926,988,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C38868222FC49FDBB" box="[926,988,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="CC2E2F3AFF9E271D3B8F8296FD29FA46" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
|
||
<subSubSection id="EDBB655AFF9E271D3B8F8296FD29FA46" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9E271C3B8F8296FE8EFD2C" blockId="10.[151,283,656,682]" box="[151,283,656,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<heading id="FE5681BDFF9E271C3B8F8296FE8EFD2C" bold="true" box="[151,283,656,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3B8F8296FE8EFD2C" bold="true" box="[151,283,656,682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9E271C3B8F82D0FBB4FCF8" blockId="10.[151,1437,726,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3B8F82D0FE52FD69" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,455,726,751]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3B8F82D0FE52FD69" box="[151,455,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3AD682D0FD98FD69" bold="true" box="[462,525,726,751]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C3AD682D0FD98FD69" box="[462,525,726,751]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the first species of the genus found in larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F5A82D1FB29FD69" authorityName="Gory & Percheron" authorityYear="1833" box="[1090,1212,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gymnetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litigiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F5A82D1FB29FD69" box="[1090,1212,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">G. litigiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus increasing the number of species with a coleopteran host:
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C399982FAFC8EFC95" box="[641,795,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C399982FAFC82FC95" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="Hammerschmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[641,791,762,787]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="depressum">T. depressum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C383B82FAFBEDFC95" authority="van Waerebeke, 1970" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[803,1144,762,787]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="figuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C383B82FAFCEFFC95" box="[803,890,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. figuli</emphasis>
|
||
van Waerebeke, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F9B82FAFF5AFCB1" authority="Theodorides, 1955" authorityName="Theodorides" authorityYear="1955" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gallicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F9B82FAFA94FC95" box="[1155,1281,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. gallicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3E1182FCFF5AFCB1" author="Theodorides" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Theodorides, J. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des parasites et phoretiques de coleopteres terrestres. Vie et Milieu, 4, 1 - 310." type="journal article" year="1955">Théodoridès, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3BC48319FDC1FCB1" authority="Christie, 1931" authorityName="Christie" authorityYear="1931" box="[220,596,798,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="macramphidium">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3BC48319FE3AFCB1" box="[220,431,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. macramphidium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3AAD8318FDC1FCB1" author="Christie" box="[437,596,798,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Christie, J. R. (1931) Some nemic parasites (Oxyuridae) of coleopterous larvae. Journal of Agricultural Research, 42, 463 - 478." type="journal article" year="1931">Christie, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C397A8319FD79FCB1" box="[610,748,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C397A8319FD72FCB1" authorityName="Camino & Reboredo" authorityYear="1999" box="[610,743,798,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="modestus">T. modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39EB8319FBCAFCB1" authority="van Waerebeke, 1970" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[755,1119,798,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="patellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39EB8319FCF2FCB1" box="[755,871,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. patellae</emphasis>
|
||
van Waerebeke, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F748319FA00FCB1" authority="Poinar, 1973" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="1973" box="[1132,1429,798,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pterygoton">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F748319FA95FCB0" box="[1132,1280,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. pterygoton</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3E1F8318FA00FCB1" author="Poinar" box="[1287,1429,798,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Poinar, G. O. (1973) Description and observation on a cuticle infection of Thelastoma pterygoton sp. n. (Thelastomatidae: Nematoda) from Oryctes spp. (Scarabeidae: Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 40, 37 - 42." type="journal article" year="1973">Poinar, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3B8F8342FD9FFCDD" authority="van Waerebeke 1973" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,522,834,859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3B8F8342FE98FCDD" box="[151,269,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. pyrrhus</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3A548344FD9FFCDD" author="Waerebeke" box="[332,522,834,859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="van Waerebeke, D. (1973) Quatres nouvelles especes d'Oxyuroides associes aux Oryctes a Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie, No. 123, Zoologie, 95, 535 - 553." type="journal article" year="1973">Waerebeke 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39048342FD5AFCDD" box="[540,719,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39048342FDF8FCDD" authorityName="Adamson & van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1992" baseAuthorityName="Rao & Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[540,621,836,859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="raoi">T. raoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39658342FD5AFCDD" authorityName="Camino, Reboredo & Villalobos" authorityYear="1997" box="[637,719,836,859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rara">T. rara</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39F98342FBD3FCDD" authority="van Waerebeke, 1973" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1973" box="[737,1094,834,859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ritteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39F98342FCD4FCDD" box="[737,833,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. ritteri</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38988344FBD3FCDD" author="Waerebeke" box="[896,1094,834,859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="van Waerebeke, D. (1973) Quatres nouvelles especes d'Oxyuroides associes aux Oryctes a Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie, No. 123, Zoologie, 95, 535 - 553." type="journal article" year="1973">Waerebeke, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F408342FAE0FCDD" authority="Leidy, 1850" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1850" box="[1112,1397,834,859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F408342FB74FCDD" box="[1112,1249,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3FF48344FAE0FCDD" author="Leidy" box="[1260,1397,834,859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Leidy, J. (1850) Description of some nematoid Entozoa infesting insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia, 5, 100 - 102." type="journal article" year="1850">Leidy, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E9F8342FE8FFCF9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E9F8342FE83FCF9" authorityName="Villalobos & Camino" authorityYear="1997" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradymos">T. tetradymos</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A398361FDCAFCF9" authority="van Waerebeke, 1970" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[289,607,870,895]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="toxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A398361FEF2FCF8" box="[289,359,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. toxi</emphasis>
|
||
van Waerebeke, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C398D8361FB8FFCF9" authority="van Waerebeke, 1970" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[661,1050,870,895]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="unicoloris">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C398D8361FCB6FCF9" box="[661,803,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. unicoloris</emphasis>
|
||
van Waerebeke, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9E271C3BDF838CFCACFA8D" blockId="10.[151,1437,726,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A52838AFD98FC25" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[330,525,906,931]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A52838AFD98FC25" box="[330,525,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C390C838CFDC6FC25" bold="true" box="[532,595,906,931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C390C838CFDC6FC25" box="[532,595,906,931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibited variability in some of the evaluated characters, such as: pharynx (more or less marked corpus-isthmus junction), position of excretory pore, vulval lips (barely protuberant or highly protuberant) and body size. The more or less marked constriction observed in the pharyngeal corpus-isthmus varied among individuals; these differences were not mentioned in descriptions of other species of the genus. A similar situation occurred with the variability observed in vulval lips. The position of the excretory pore is a very important character for discriminating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3ACE8438FDCCFBD1" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[470,601,1086,1111]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3ACE8438FDCCFBD1" box="[470,601,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C39858439FCA8FBD1" author="Carreno" box="[669,829,1087,1111]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Nadler, S. A., Carreno, R. A., Mejia-Madrid, H., Ullberg, J., Pagan, C., Houston, R. & Hugot, J. P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism. Parasitology, 134, 1421 - 1442. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182007002880" type="journal article" year="2007">Carreno 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the present work, two positions were observed: at half of the pharyngeal basal bulb (the most frequent situation) and slightly anteriorly, near the isthmus. In the characterization of a population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39338481FCBAFB19" authority=", Singh (1987)" authorityName="Singh" authorityYear="1987" box="[555,815,1158,1183]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="basiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39338481FD1CFB19" box="[555,649,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. basiri</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C39828480FCBAFB19" author="Singh" box="[666,815,1158,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Singh, H. S. (1987) Nematode parasites of Indian cockroach Periplaneta americana L. at Meerut. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 72, 133 - 145." type="journal article" year="1987">Singh (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found differences from the original description of the species, which the author attributed to the effects of fixation on individuals. However, in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E9F84AAFEABFB61" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E9F84AAFEABFB61" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A5184C8FE1EFB61" bold="true" box="[329,395,1230,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C3A5184C8FE1EFB61" box="[329,395,1230,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the two mentioned positions were observed both in live and fixed nematodes, therefore discarding that the differences were due to fixation artifacts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9E271C3BDF8510FA8DFA39" blockId="10.[151,1437,726,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Body size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A778511FDACFAA9" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[367,569,1302,1327]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A778511FDACFAA9" box="[367,569,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C395E8510FD19FAA9" bold="true" box="[582,652,1302,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C395E8510FD19FAA9" box="[582,652,1302,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
females was found to be variable at intra-population level, with individuals that doubled their size. Camino
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3999853AFD2CFAD5" box="[641,697,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C385A853DFC55FAD5" author="Rao" box="[834,960,1338,1363]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Rao, P. N. (1958) Studies on the nematode parasites of insects and other arthropods. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 46, 33 - 84." type="journal article" year="1958">Rao (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed a considerable variation in body size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3BF38559FEAEFAF0" authorityName="Camino, Reboredo & Villalobos" authorityYear="1997" box="[235,315,1375,1398]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rara">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3BF38559FEAEFAF0" box="[235,315,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. rara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A6F8559FE45FAF0" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Schwenck" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[375,464,1375,1398]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="icemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A6F8559FE45FAF0" box="[375,464,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. icemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. Variability among populations of a single species from different hosts were also found; females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3AC38582FC61FA1D" authority="(Meyer, 1896) Travassos, 1929" authorityName="(Meyer, 1896) Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[475,1012,1410,1435]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3AC38582FD19FA1D" box="[475,652,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. longicaudata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C39838585FCB8FA1D" author="Meyer" box="[667,813,1410,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Meyer, A. (1896) Neue ceylonische Nematoden aus Saugetieren (Filaria, Strongylus) und aus Julus (Oxyuris). Anatomischhistologische Untersuchungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte begrunden von A. F. A., 1, 54 - 82." type="journal article" year="1896">Meyer, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38268585FC61FA1D" author="Travassos" box="[830,1012,1411,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Travassos, L. (1929) Contribuicao preliminar a systematica dos nematodeos dos arthropodos. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 5, 19 - 25. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761929000200004" type="journal article" year="1929">Travassos, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
removed from a diplopod (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E378584FAFFFA1D" box="[1327,1386,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Julus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E378584FAFFFA1D" box="[1327,1386,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Julus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) were almost twice as big as nematodes obtained from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39EC85A0FC6DFA38" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[756,1016,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Periplaneta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39EC85A0FC6DFA38" box="[756,1016,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Periplaneta americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3F3D85A0FA98FA39" author="Singh" box="[1061,1293,1446,1471]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Singh, H. S. & Malti (2003) Study of some nematodes parasites of Periplaneta americana Linn at Meerut. Uttar Pradesh, India. Flora and Fauna, 9, 59 - 66." type="journal article" year="2003">Singh & Malti 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9E271C3BDF85CCFB05F831" blockId="10.[151,1437,726,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
The presence of a seminal receptacle on the female reproductive branch has been mentioned only in a few species of the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3A9085E8FD2CF981" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[392,697,1518,1543]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3A9085E8FD2CF981" box="[392,697,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39D885E8FC95F981" bold="true" box="[704,768,1518,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C39D885E8FC95F981" box="[704,768,1518,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is characterized by the presence of a seminal receptacle on both branches. In some species (
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C393D8612FD4BF9AD" box="[549,734,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C393D8612FD4FF9AD" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1969" box="[549,730,1554,1579]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="madecassum">T. madecassum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39F48612FB08F9AD" authority="van Waerebeke, 1970" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[748,1181,1554,1579]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tampoketsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39F48612FC1AF9AD" box="[748,911,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. tampoketsii</emphasis>
|
||
van Waerebeke, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3FAA8612FAE7F9AD" box="[1202,1394,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3FAA8612FA95F9AD" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[1202,1280,1556,1579]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="toxi">T. toxi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E0B8612FAE7F9AD" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Schwenck" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1299,1394,1556,1579]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="icemi">T. icemi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3E9F8612FE7FF9C9" authority="Adamson, 1987" authorityName="Adamson" authorityYear="1987" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="retrovulvaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3E9F8612FEB2F9C9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. retrovulvaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3A2A8630FE7FF9C9" author="Adamson" box="[306,490,1590,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Adamson, M. L. (1987) Oxyuridan (Nematoda) parasites of Scaphiostreptus seychellarum with comments on the families Pulchrocephalidae Kloss, 1959 and Travassosinematidae Rao, 1958. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 2747 - 2754. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 416" type="journal article" year="1987">Adamson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3AE28631FD72F9C8" box="[506,743,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3AE28631FDE3F9C9" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[506,630,1590,1615]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="patellae">T. patellae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C399E8631FD72F9C8" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1973" box="[646,743,1591,1614]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ritteri">T. ritteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C383D8631FBE7F9C9" authority="Poinar, 1978" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="1978" box="[805,1138,1590,1615]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="endoscolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C383D8631FC47F9C9" box="[805,978,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. endoscolium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38C58630FBE7F9C9" author="Poinar" box="[989,1138,1590,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Poinar, G. O. (1978) Thelastoma endoscolium sp. (Oxyurida: Nematoda) a parasite of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Annelida). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 45, 92 - 96." type="journal article" year="1978">Poinar, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), illustrations suggest the presence of a seminal receptacle in some of the branches, but this structure was not mentioned in the descriptions. In
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3BAD8679FEC4F910" box="[181,337,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3BAD8679FED8F910" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="1973" box="[181,333,1663,1686]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pterygoton">T. pterygoton</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the seminal receptacle is present at the tip of uterine branches; the seminal receptacle is absent on the anterior branch of the reproductive tract in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C39BC86A2FC8AF93D" authorityName="Adamson" authorityYear="1985" box="[676,799,1698,1723]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dessetae">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C39BC86A2FC8AF93D" box="[676,799,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. dessetae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C385386A2FB27F93D" authority="van Waerebeke, 1987" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1987" box="[843,1202,1698,1723]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gipetiti">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C385386A2FC23F93D" box="[843,950,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. gipetiti</emphasis>
|
||
van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38F586A4FB27F93D" author="Waerebeke" box="[1005,1202,1698,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="van Waerebeke, D. (1987) Description de Thelastoma gipetiti n. sp. parasite de Spirostreptidae et considerations sur le genre Thelastoma Leidy, 1850 (Oxyuroidea: Nematoda). Revue de Nematologie, 10, 401 - 407." type="journal article" year="1987">Waerebeke, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anterior seminal receptacle is reduced or absent, and the posterior one is present, suggesting that the posterior seminal receptacle might be due to a precocious development (van Waerebeke 1 987), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3F2186EAFB37F885" authorityName="Koubkova, Barus, Matejusova, Hodova & Koubek" authorityYear="2006" box="[1081,1186,1772,1795]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gueyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3F2186EAFB37F885" box="[1081,1186,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. gueyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anterior seminal receptacle is small, sac-like, and the posterior seminal receptacle is reduced or absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3F7C8708FAC8F8A1" author="Koubkova" box="[1124,1373,1806,1831]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Koubkova, B., Barus, V., Matejusova, I., Hodova, I. & Koubek, P. (2006) Thelastoma gueyei sp. n. (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) from the Senegal diplopod Archispirostreptus tumuliporus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae). Nematology, 8, 739 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854106778877910" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Koubková
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3FF98709FA8FF8A1" box="[1249,1306,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The eggs produced in the anterior branch are not fertilized and would produce haploid males, whereas females would be produced from fertilized eggs (diploid) generated in the posterior branch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38E58750FB27F8E9" author="Adamson" box="[1021,1202,1878,1903]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Adamson, M. L. (1985) Thelastoma dessetae n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea: Nematoda) from Paraguayan diplopods with comments on reproductive anatomy in Thelastoma. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 92, 413 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81623" type="journal article" year="1985">Adamson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This characteristic would be widely distributed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C396B877CFD63F815" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[627,758,1914,1939]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C396B877CFD63F815" box="[627,758,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is assumed to be an adaptation to haplodiplody, which would ensure a given number of males and females in the progeny (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C38958798FBA8F831" author="Adamson" box="[909,1085,1950,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Adamson, M. L. (1985) Thelastoma dessetae n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea: Nematoda) from Paraguayan diplopods with comments on reproductive anatomy in Thelastoma. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 92, 413 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81623" type="journal article" year="1985">Adamson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9E271C3F508799FB11F831" author="Adamson" box="[1096,1156,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refString="Adamson, M. L. (1990) Haplodiploidy in the Oxyurida: Decoupling the evolutionary processes of adaptation and speciation. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 65, 31 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1990651031" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9E271D3BDF87C2FBB2FE0E" blockId="10.[151,1437,726,2011]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1472]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3BDF87C2FE8FF85D" box="[199,282,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">In vivo,</emphasis>
|
||
some males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9E271C3ADF87C2FD1CF85D" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[455,649,1986,2011]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C3ADF87C2FD1CF85D" box="[455,649,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9E271C399787C4FD58F85D" bold="true" box="[655,717,1986,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9E271C399787C4FD58F85D" box="[655,717,1986,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
showed irregular protuberances near the anus; similar structures were indicated in the anterior region of males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D39AD809FFD6CFF36" authorityName="van Waerebeke" authorityYear="1970" box="[693,761,153,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="toxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D39AD809FFD6CFF36" box="[693,761,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. toxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this being the only species within the genus with records of cuticular protuberances. Furthermore, transverse lines composed of small protuberances were detected ventrally, in the posterior and midbody region. Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D398F80E7FCB8FF7E" authorityName="Poinar" authorityYear="1973" box="[663,813,225,248]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pterygoton">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D398F80E7FCB8FF7E" box="[663,813,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. pterygoton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently exhibited rough areas on their cuticule that were visible under the light microscope; electron micrographs of the affected areas showed numerous microorganisms closely appressed to the cuticular surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D386B8121FB99FEC6" author="Poinar" box="[883,1036,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Poinar, G. O. (1973) Description and observation on a cuticle infection of Thelastoma pterygoton sp. n. (Thelastomatidae: Nematoda) from Oryctes spp. (Scarabeidae: Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 40, 37 - 42." type="journal article" year="1973">Poinar 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The author suggested that the microorganisms (maybe some
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A1A8873FF9F271D3AF5814BFD88FEE3" box="[493,541,333,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of bacteria or mycoplasma-like body) were capable of dissolving at least part of the nematode’s cuticule and establishing colonies on the surface of the nematode.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9F271D3BDF8192FA08FC93" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
The taxonomy of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D390D8192FD0DFE2B" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[533,664,404,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D390D8192FD0DFE2B" box="[533,664,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is problematic due to the high number of species that have been inaccurately characterized. Many of these descriptions have been based on scarce specimens or have been poorly illustrated. In addition, there is a lack of adequate diagnostic or taxonomic information on invertebrate hosts, as well as the contradictory lists of valid and invalid species that have been proposed by various authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D3E588206FF41FDBA" author="Carreno" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Nadler, S. A., Carreno, R. A., Mejia-Madrid, H., Ullberg, J., Pagan, C., Houston, R. & Hugot, J. P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism. Parasitology, 134, 1421 - 1442. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182007002880" type="journal article" year="2007">Carreno 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Female characters were mostly used for identification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D384F8222FBEFFDBA" author="Barus" box="[855,1146,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Barus, V. & Koubkova, B. (2002) The first species of Thelastoma Leidy, 1849 (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) parasitizing the scorpion Euscorpius italicus (Chactidae: Scorpionidea). Systematic Parasitology, 53, 141 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1020470108631" type="journal article" year="2002">Baruš & Koubková 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, differentiation was based on males’ characteristics on some occasions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D380F8241FC56FDE6" author="Farooqui" box="[791,963,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Farooqui, M. N. (1970) Some known and new genera and species of the family Thelastomatidae Travassos, 1929. Rivista di Parassitologia, 31, 195 - 214." type="journal article" year="1970">Farooqui 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although they are difficult to find or are unknown for many species. Male thelastomatoids are often difficult to identify due to a lack of informative morphological characters and the sexual dimorphism of the species; as multiple species guilds are common in thelastomatoid infections, matching males to females is difficult, thus impeding the use of male thelastomatoids to discern taxonomic relationships (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D390B82DEFD52FD76" author="Jex" box="[531,711,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Jex, A. R., Hu, M., Rose, H. A., Schneider, M., Cribb, T. H. & Gasser, R. B. (2006) Molecular characterization of Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida) from cockroaches in Australia. Parasitology, 133, 123 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182006009978" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jex
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D395C82DFFD15FD76" box="[580,640,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, in the present work molecular studies considering males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3A9182FBFDDEFC93" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[393,587,764,789]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A9182FBFDDEFC93" box="[393,587,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D394982FAFD05FC93" bold="true" box="[593,656,764,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9F271D394982FAFD05FC93" box="[593,656,764,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were conducted to ensure that both corresponded to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9F271D3BDF8319FAE2FBB3" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Accurately identifying individuals of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D380C8319FC58FCBE" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" box="[788,973,799,824]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Thelastomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is fundamental for the study of their systematics, population genetics and ecology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D39BF8342FCC3FCDB" author="Jex" box="[679,854,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Jex, A. R., Hu, M., Rose, H. A., Schneider, M., Cribb, T. H. & Gasser, R. B. (2006) Molecular characterization of Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida) from cockroaches in Australia. Parasitology, 133, 123 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182006009978" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Jex
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D39CE8343FC9DFCDB" box="[726,776,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Few molecular studies have been performed with species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3A998361FD91FC06" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[385,516,871,896]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A998361FD91FC06" box="[385,516,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is available information of the 18S SSU rRNA gene only for 4 species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3E9F836FFEABFC23" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3E9F836FFEABFC23" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A5D838AFE11FC23" bold="true" box="[325,388,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9F271D3A5D838AFE11FC23" box="[325,388,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3A8B838BFC96FC22" authority="(Chaudhary et al. 2013)" authorityName="Chaudhary et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[403,771,908,933]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="icemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A8B838BFE79FC22" box="[403,492,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. icemi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D3AE3838AFD6EFC22" author="Chaudhary" box="[507,763,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Chaudhary, A., Singh, N. & Singh, H. S. (2013) Molecular characterization of two insect nematodes (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae) using small subunit (18 S) ribosomal DNA sequence and secondary-structure analyses. Journal of Helminthology, 88, 219 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 13000072" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Chaudhary
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3967838BFD2DFC23" box="[639,696,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3817838BFBCFFC22" authority="(Nadler et al. 2007)" authorityName="Nadler et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[783,1114,908,933]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="krausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3817838BFCE4FC23" box="[783,881,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. krausi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D3898838AFBC7FC22" author="Nadler" box="[896,1106,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Nadler, S. A., Carreno, R. A., Mejia-Madrid, H., Ullberg, J., Pagan, C., Houston, R. & Hugot, J. P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism. Parasitology, 134, 1421 - 1442. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182007002880" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Nadler
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D38CE838BFB9BFC23" box="[982,1038,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3F8D838BFF6AFC4E" authority="(Koubkova et al. 2006)" authorityName="Koubkova et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gueyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3F8D838BFB6EFC22" box="[1173,1275,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. gueyei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D3E12838AFF62FC4E" author="Koubkova" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Koubkova, B., Barus, V., Matejusova, I., Hodova, I. & Koubek, P. (2006) Thelastoma gueyei sp. n. (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) from the Senegal diplopod Archispirostreptus tumuliporus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae). Nematology, 8, 739 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854106778877910" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Koubková
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3E90838BFF21FC4E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The highest similarity (98%) was obtained between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D385683B7FB84FC4E" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" box="[846,1041,943,968]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D385683B7FB84FC4E" box="[846,1041,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3F0F83A9FBC0FC4E" bold="true" box="[1047,1109,943,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9F271D3F0F83A9FBC0FC4E" box="[1047,1109,943,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3F9383B7FB79FC4E" box="[1163,1260,943,968]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="krausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3F9383B7FB79FC4E" box="[1163,1260,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. krausi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3E2F83B7FA09FC4E" box="[1335,1436,945,968]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gueyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3E2F83B7FA09FC4E" box="[1335,1436,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. gueyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(95%) separated from the rest of the species of the genus in the phylogenetic tree.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3F4383D2FAA4FC6A" box="[1115,1329,980,1005]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gueyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3F4383D2FAA4FC6A" box="[1115,1329,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Thelastoma gueyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has high genetic similarity (99%) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3AC483F1FBA8FB96" authority="Adamson & Anderson, 1985" authorityName="Adamson & Anderson" authorityYear="1985" box="[476,1085,1015,1040]" class="Chromadorea" family="Carnoyidae" genus="Brumptaemilius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="justini">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3AC483F1FD75FB96" box="[476,736,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Brumptaemilius justini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D39F383F1FBA8FB96" author="Adamson" box="[747,1085,1015,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Adamson, M. L. (1985) Thelastoma dessetae n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea: Nematoda) from Paraguayan diplopods with comments on reproductive anatomy in Thelastoma. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 92, 413 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81623" type="journal article" year="1985">Adamson & Anderson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a nematode species from the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3BFF841AFEF9FBB3" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1934" box="[231,364,1052,1077]" class="Chromadorea" family="Carnoyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Carnoyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this suggests that a revision should be carried out to corroborate the identity of that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9F271D3BDF8439FB8CFAB6" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
There are also few partial sequences of the 28S gene corresponding to unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3FA38439FAABFBDE" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[1211,1342,1087,1112]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3FA38439FAABFBDE" box="[1211,1342,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D3B868462FE67FBFA" author="Spiridonov" box="[158,498,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. & Guzeeva, E. A. (2009) Phylogeny of nematodes of the superfamily Thelastomatoidea (Oxyurida) inferred from LSU rDNA sequence. Russian Journal of Nematology, 17, 127 - 134." type="journal article" year="2009">Spiridonov & Guzeeva 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D391A8462FD75FBFA" author="Blanco" box="[514,736,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Blanco, M. V., Lax, P., Duenas, J. C. R., Gardenal, C. N. & Doucet, M. E. (2012) Morphological and molecular characterization of the entomoparasitic nematode Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae). Acta Parasitologica, 57, 302 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 012 - 0029 - 2" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Blanco
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D39448463FD0CFBFB" box="[604,665,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D39E08463FBFAFBFB" authority="(Ozawa et al. 2016)" authorityName="Ozawa et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[760,1135,1124,1149]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bulhoesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D39E08463FCE2FBFB" box="[760,887,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. bulhoesi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C1304B20FF9F271D38928462FBF2FBFB" author="Ozawa" box="[906,1127,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refString="Ozawa, S., Morffe, J., Vicente, C. S. L., Ikeda, K., Shinya, R. & Hasegawa, K. (2016) Morphological, molecular and developmental characterization of the thelastomatid nematode Thelastoma bulhoesi (de Magalhaes, 1900) (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Japan. Acta Parasitologica, 61, 241 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / ap- 2016 - 0034" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Ozawa
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D38FD8463FB8EFBFB" box="[997,1051,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a sequence (191 bp) belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3A34848FFE10FB26" box="[300,389,1161,1184]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="icemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A34848FFE10FB26" box="[300,389,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. icemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Singh
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3AC6848FFD9AFB26" box="[478,527,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. unpublished). In spite of the scarce molecular data, the rRNA LSU separated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3E9F848FFEABFB43" authority="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax, 2018" authorityName="Orsini & Cuellar & Rondan Dueñas & Gardenal & Doucet & Lax" authorityYear="2018" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanwaerebekei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3E9F848FFEABFB43" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. vanwaerebekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A5C84AAFE16FB43" bold="true" box="[324,387,1196,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE657B8FF9F271D3A5C84AAFE16FB43" box="[324,387,1196,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D394484AAFD4AFB43" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1849" box="[604,735,1196,1221]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Thelastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D394484AAFD4AFB43" box="[604,735,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Thelastoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (85% genetic similarity),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3F2184AAFAB1FB43" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1932" box="[1081,1316,1196,1221]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Hammerschmidtiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3F2184AAFAB1FB43" box="[1081,1316,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Hammerschmidtiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (74% genetic similarity) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D3A8484C9FD82FB6E" authorityName="Schwenk in Travassos" authorityYear="1929" box="[412,535,1231,1256]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Leidynema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97D5EAC3FF9F271D3A8484C9FD82FB6E" box="[412,535,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Leidynema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (74–77% genetic similarity). These results suggest that LSU seems to be a more useful marker for phylogenetic analyses in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62A14D52FF9F271D39A184F2FCE3FA8B" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1929" box="[697,886,1268,1293]" class="Chromadorea" family="Thelastomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Thelastomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, additional molecular studies should be performed considering other species to infer the relationships within this family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51E36D1FF9F271D3BDF853AFD29FA46" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Given the taxonomic problems within the genus, it would be important to make a review of all the described species, complemented with scanning electron microscopy. Knowledge on hosts, their distribution, life cycle and feeding mode should also be considered. These aspects are unknown for many species and are necessary for the understanding of the nematode-host relationship.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |