164 lines
16 KiB
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164 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4036f4e7-9738-41d4-889f-e6aa76c9d1a4" ID-PMC="PMC3837405" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-349-11" ID-PubMed="24294078" ID-ZBK="29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-349-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 349" ModsDocTitle="New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)" checkinTime="1451246692609" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wharton, Robert & Norrbom, Allen L." docDate="2013" docId="314A3A78EB4FD7F097DAF96014F7CA44" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 349: 11-72" docOrigin="ZooKeys 349" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914" docTitle="Opius gabriellae Wharton, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C9E6D1A1-29E1-44D6-BE52-9D231016EF13" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFB3FFD3CA3C142FFFB1FFC3A91E5A54" masterDocTitle="New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668156823863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wharton, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>349</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-349-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049485" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9E6D1A1-29E1-44D6-BE52-9D231016EF13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314A3A78EB4FD7F097DAF96014F7CA44" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C9E6D1A1-29E1-44D6-BE52-9D231016EF13" authority="Wharton" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius gabriellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabriellae">Opius gabriellae Wharton</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="27" pageNumber="38">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 22, 51-54
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Mexico, Mexico, 6 km West Lago de Zempoala.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
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Holotype. Female (UNAM), first label, first line: MEXICO: Edo. de second line: Mexico third line: Rt. 890, Km 9 area fourth line: 6km W Lago de Zempoala fifth line: 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–x–">-x-</normalizedToken>
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1991 A. Norrbom Second label, first line: reared ex capitulum second line: Senecio iodanthus third line: Greenm. 91(M)33 fourth line: Probably ex. puparium fifth line: Paroxyna (
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<taxonomicName family="Tephitidae" lsidName="" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Tephitidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype (TAMU, USNM).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="other specimen examined">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Other specimen examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
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(not paratype): 1 female, Mexico: Morelos, Rt. 142, Km 48-50, 5 km N El Vigia, 28.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ix–">ix-</normalizedToken>
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1.x.1991, A. L. Norrbom, reared ex. capitulum
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Montanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Montanoa frutescens" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Montanoa frutescens</taxonomicName>
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Mairet ex. DC (91M5B) (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="27" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="27" pageNumber="38">
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Eyes in dorsal view not or only slightly bulging beyond temples, temples not receding. Clypeus 1.55-1.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than high, faintly punctate throughout, nearly smooth; completely concealing labrum when mandible closed, ventral margin of clypeus evenly convex, slightly overlapping dorsal margin of mandible when mandible closed. Antenna with 31-33 flagellomeres. Malar sulcus shallow, weak to indistinct, especially ventrally. Mesosoma 1.3 (male) and 1.2 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than high. Pronotum laterally with vertical groove usually weakly crenulate dorsally, distinctly crenulate ventrally, varying from smooth to weakly wrinkled medially, not only faintly and incompletely margined anteriorly by carina. Propodeum unsculptured, with a few weak carinulae along posterior margin, especially medially. Fore wing 3RSa/2RS ratio highly variable, 1.6 (male) and 1.75-1.9 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than sinuate 2RS; (RS+M)a varying from weakly sinuate to nearly straight. T1 2.3-2.4 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider at apex than at base, 1.1 (male) and 0.85-1.0 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as apical width; smooth, unsculptured basally, densely and distinctly striate to strigose over apical 0.75 in female, sculpture weaker and less extensive in male; dorsal carina distinct basally, extending to apex but weaker and largely obscured by sculpture posteriorly. Ovipositor (total length) approximately 3.2-3.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than mesosoma; ovipositor sheath approximately 2.5-2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than mesosoma. Head color as in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius danielsae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielsae">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="39" start="start">Opius</pageBreakToken>
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danielsae
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</taxonomicName>
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. Mesosoma nearly identical in color to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius danielsae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielsae">Opius danielsae</taxonomicName>
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except with two orange spots on either side of metascutellum, an orange spot immediately dorsad midcoxa, and the subalar ridge entirely orange. T1 black; remaining terga mostly brown in male; female with most of T2+3 dark brown, T2 with anterior-lateral corner containing spiracle yellow, T3 with narrow yellow band along posterior margin; T4-6 dark brown anteriorly, yellow posteriorly, with median hyaline patch along anterior margins and narrow hyaline margin posteriorly. Fore and mid tibiae and all femora pale yellow; hind tibia anteriorly mostly yellow tending to infumate dorsal-anteriorly, basal 0.2 dark brown, and apical 0.5-0.6 posteriorly brown. Body length 2.75 mm (male), 2.9-3.0 mm (female); wing length 3.4 mm (male), 3.7-3.9 mm (female); mesosoma length 1.05 mm (male), 1.1-1.15 mm (female). Otherwise having all the characteristics described above for the baderae species group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="39">
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This species is nearly identical to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius danielsae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielsae">Opius danielsae</taxonomicName>
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, but is smaller and the metasomal color pattern differs, with distinctive transverse dark and white bands in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius gabriellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabriellae">Opius gabriellae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="40" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="40" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">
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The fly host reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio iodanthus" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iodanthus">Senecio iodanthus</taxonomicName>
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Greenm. is an apparently undescribed species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Campiglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campiglossa" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campiglossa</taxonomicName>
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Rondani (a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Paroxyna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paroxyna" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paroxyna</taxonomicName>
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Hendel). The rate of parasitism by the opiine was 15%, but many chalcidoids were also reared from this sample of flower heads and at least some of them likely attacked the tephritid. One of the opiines was reared from a segregated puparium of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Campiglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campiglossa" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campiglossa</taxonomicName>
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, while the remaining two were reared from flower heads. The single non-paratype specimen from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Montanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Montanoa frutescens" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Montanoa frutescens</taxonomicName>
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Mairet ex DC was reared from an undescribed species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Neotephritis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotephritis" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotephritis</taxonomicName>
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Hendel along with 17 flies of this tephritid species.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio iodanthus" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iodanthus">Senecio iodanthus</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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as is
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Montanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Montanoa frutescens" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Montanoa frutescens</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">This species is named for Gabriella Vasquez, daughter of the senior author.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="40" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">
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The single female reared from a capitulum of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Montanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Montanoa frutescens" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Montanoa frutescens</taxonomicName>
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appears identical to the material reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio iodanthus" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iodanthus">Senecio iodanthus</taxonomicName>
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except for a slightly smaller brown spot medially on the upper face. We have explicitly excluded the wasp reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Montanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Montanoa frutescens" order="Asterales" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Montanoa frutescens</taxonomicName>
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from the paratype series because the host fly and plant differ, and thus it was not used to prepare the formal description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="40">
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Ovipositor lengths are reasonable approximations since the base of the ovipositor is evident in both females, protruding against the sternites. The second submarginal cell of the male specimen is shorter and taller than in the females, but more specimens are needed to confirm this as evidence of sexual dimorphism. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius gabriellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabriellae">Opius gabriellae</taxonomicName>
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, the male is smaller than the females but in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius danielsae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielsae">Opius danielsae</taxonomicName>
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, the females are smaller.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |