treatments-xml/data/73/05/88/73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863.xml

<document id="01BA068424B443C92C7D0BBC7F50381F" ID-CLB-Dataset="46042" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aaeb125c-b992-4e91-9a58-2a4095aeb34b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="226166" ID-ZooBank="C6EE31BC-6D1F-4DD7-B821-759C87A1732C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460407200596" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Conradie, Werner" docDate="2014" docId="73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03785p452.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3785 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cacosternum thorini Conradie 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="452" masterDocId="8F3CF02EFFC7E90FFFC5F115E00FFFEC" masterDocTitle="The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="452" masterPageNumber="438" pageNumber="438" updateTime="1698299959538" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1232E41D1987377A7BD6D2245EFF0E0D">The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3A917D6E21FEE746AA4FCABA6523ED85" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1FE45E0CE36D20A37F880F25910E4BB9">Conradie, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="C8B89E81D3C1C212EA7211D2229264EE">
<mods:date id="A1EA783F78241FADF36F77785D173CE8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="91F05C59AD58ACDBF066A606FCE65D5D">2014-04-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1ADEDCD89E9DDAD553BC9B4B575F2B2A">3785</mods:number>
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<treatment id="73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863" lastPageId="11" pageId="3">
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFC4E90CFF52F640E1E7F882" box="[151,488,1877,1902]" pageId="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC4E90CFF52F640E1E7F882" blockId="3.[151,488,1877,1974]" box="[151,488,1877,1902]" pageId="3">
<heading id="A05B8E2CFFC4E90CFF52F640E1E7F882" bold="true" box="[151,488,1877,1902]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC4E90CFF52F640E1E7F882" bold="true" box="[151,488,1877,1902]" pageId="3">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC4E90CFF52F640E188F882" ID-CoL="P6N7" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,391,1877,1902]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC4E90CFF52F640E188F882" bold="true" box="[151,391,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3">Cacosternum thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFC4E90CFE4BF640E1E7F882" box="[398,488,1877,1902]" pageId="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFC4E90CFF52F66CE19AF87E" box="[151,405,1913,1938]" pageId="3" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC4E90CFF52F66CE19AF87E" blockId="3.[151,488,1877,1974]" box="[151,405,1913,1938]" pageId="3">Hogsback Dainty Frog</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFC4E90CFF52F688E16FF85A" box="[151,352,1949,1974]" pageId="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC4E90CFF52F688E16FF85A" blockId="3.[151,488,1877,1974]" box="[151,352,1949,1974]" pageId="3">
(
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC4E90CFF5BF688E105F85A" box="[158,266,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1420,195,1238]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figures 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC4E90CFED2F68BE12AF85A" box="[279,293,1950,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[214,1373,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratype colour variation of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226170/files/figure.png" pageId="3">4</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC4E90CFE8CF688E158F85A" box="[329,343,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[309,1276,217,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1291,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. The tadpole of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. (PEM T 517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226172/files/figure.png" pageId="3">6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFC3E90BFF52F182E48EFE41" pageId="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF52F182E15CFEF1" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
<materialsCitation id="4BC4331DFFC3E90BFF52F182E15CFEF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3497148301" accessionNumber="A10091" collectedFrom="from a small wetland below the forestry fire lookout tower" collectingDate="2011-10-07" collectionCode="PEM" collectorName="W. Conradie &amp; C. Morrison" country="South Africa" elevation="1530" latitude="-32.579998" location="Hogsback" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="26.942778" municipality="An" pageId="4" specimenCode="3225CA" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF52F182E104FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,176]" pageId="4">
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC3E90BFF52F182E109FF5C" box="[151,262,151,176]" pageId="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
An adult 
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFC3E90BFE42F182E1B2FF5C" box="[391,445,151,176]" pageId="4" type="male">male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFE15F18DE204FF5C" box="[464,523,152,176]" pageId="4">PEM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="E4FFA4A3FFC3E90BFDD2F18DE27CFF5C" box="[535,627,152,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A10091" pageId="4" type="EnaNcbi">A10091</accessionNumber>
, 
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC3E90BFD46F182E2C8FF5C" box="[643,711,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1420,195,1238]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A&amp;B) deposited in the Port Elizabeth Museum (PEM), 
<collectingCountry id="83BB79D0FFC3E90BFA9EF182E0EDFF39" name="South Africa" pageId="4">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. Collected 
<date id="8F121F80FFC3E90BFEA1F1A8E215FF38" box="[356,538,188,213]" pageId="4" value="2011-10-07">
<collectingDate id="9F56E668FFC3E90BFEA1F1A8E215FF38" box="[356,538,188,213]" pageId="4" value="2011-10-07">7 October 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, by 
<collectorName id="56595C96FFC3E90BFD88F1A8E2D2FF39" box="[589,733,188,213]" pageId="4">W. Conradie</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="56595C96FFC3E90BFCC3F1A9E39EFF39" box="[774,913,188,213]" pageId="4">C. Morrison</collectorName>
<collectedFrom id="48B07ABDFFC3E90BFC5EF1A9E136FF1B" pageId="4">from a small wetland below the forestry fire lookout tower</collectedFrom>
, 
<location id="FE736F9BFFC3E90BFE8DF1CAE1B4FF14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863:FE736F9BFFC3E90BFE8DF1CAE1B4FF14" box="[328,443,223,248]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.579998" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="26.942778" municipality="An" name="Hogsback" pageId="4" stateProvince="Eastern Cape Province">Hogsback</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="3968F7A2FFC3E90BFE0FF1F5E2DBFF14" box="[458,724,223,248]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="4">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="83BB79D0FFC3E90BFD21F1CAE378FF14" box="[740,887,223,248]" name="South Africa" pageId="4">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="9E985F87FFC3E90BFC4EF1F5E411FF14" box="[907,1054,224,248]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-32.579998">32°34’48” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9E985F87FFC3E90BFBEAF1CAE4CDFF1B" box="[1071,1218,223,248]" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" precision="15" seconds="34" value="26.942778">26°56’34” E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFB17F1CAE53BFF14" box="[1234,1332,223,248]" pageId="4">3225CA</specimenCode>
, 
<elevation id="7081DE73FFC3E90BFA86F1CAE148FEF1" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="4" unit="m" value="1530.0">
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFC3E90BFA86F1CAE593FF1B" box="[1347,1436,223,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="4" unit="m" value="1530.0">1530 m</quantity>
above sea level
</elevation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F032E4F7FEAC" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1272,295,320]" pageId="4">
<materialsCitation id="4BC4331DFFC3E90BFF02F032E4FBFEAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3497148302" accessionNumber="A10083" box="[199,1268,295,320]" collectedFrom="from a small wetland below the forestry fire lookout tower" collectingDate="2011-10-07" collectionCode="PEM" collectorName="W. Conradie &amp; C. Morrison" country="South Africa" elevation="1530" latitude="-32.579998" location="Hogsback" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="26.942778" municipality="An" pageId="4" specimenCode="3225CA" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape Province" typeStatus="allotype">
<location id="FE736F9BFFC3E90BFF02F032E153FEAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73058856FFC4E904FF52F640E261F863:FE736F9BFFC3E90BFF02F032E153FEAC" box="[199,348,295,320]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF02F032E13CFEAC" bold="true" box="[199,307,295,320]" pageId="4">
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC3E90BFF02F032E121FEAC" box="[199,302,295,320]" pageId="4" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
An
</location>
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFC3E90BFEA6F032E194FEAC" box="[355,411,295,320]" pageId="4" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFC3E90BFE67F032E1E1FEAC" box="[418,494,295,320]" pageId="4" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(PEM 
<accessionNumber id="E4FFA4A3FFC3E90BFDFAF03DE293FEAC" box="[575,668,296,320]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A10083" pageId="4" type="EnaNcbi">A10083</accessionNumber>
, 
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC3E90BFD62F032E2E7FEAC" box="[679,744,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1420,195,1238]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C&amp;D), identical collecting details as 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC3E90BFB4DF032E4FBFEAC" box="[1160,1268,295,320]" pageId="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F059E48EFE41" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
<materialsCitation id="4BC4331DFFC3E90BFF02F059E472FE41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3497148303" accessionNumber="A10084" collectedFrom="from a small wetland below the forestry fire lookout tower" collectingDate="2011-10-07" collectionCode="PEM, SAIAB, NMB" collectorName="W. Conradie &amp; C. Morrison" country="South Africa" elevation="1530" latitude="-32.579998" location="Hogsback" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="26.942778" municipality="An" pageId="4" specimenCode="A10084, 10087, 10088, 10093, 10100, 10103, 191643.1, A8007, A10082, 10085, 10086, 10089, 10090, 10094, 10096, 10098, 10099, 10101, 10102, 10105, 191643.2, A8008" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="14" stateProvince="Eastern Cape Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF02F059E149FE89" bold="true" box="[199,326,332,357]" pageId="4">
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC3E90BFF02F059E14EFE89" box="[199,321,332,357]" pageId="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFC3E90BFE97F059E1CBFE89" box="[338,452,332,357]" pageId="4" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFE1DF059E21CFE88" box="[472,531,332,356]" pageId="4">PEM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFDE5F059E272FE88" box="[544,637,332,356]" pageId="4">
<accessionNumber id="E4FFA4A3FFC3E90BFDE5F059E272FE88" box="[544,637,332,356]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A10084" pageId="4" type="EnaNcbi">A10084</accessionNumber>
</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFD53F059E2EFFE88" box="[662,736,332,356]" pageId="4">10087</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFD3CF059E34CFE88" box="[761,835,332,356]" pageId="4">10088</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFC99F059E3A9FE88" box="[860,934,332,356]" pageId="4">10093</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFC7AF059E406FE88" box="[959,1033,332,356]" pageId="4">10100</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFBE7F059E462FE88" box="[1058,1133,332,356]" pageId="4">10103</specimenCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFBBBF059E4DDFE88" box="[1150,1234,332,356]" pageId="4">SAIAB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFB1AF059E544FE89" box="[1247,1355,332,357]" pageId="4">191643.1</specimenCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFA99F058E593FE88" box="[1372,1436,333,356]" pageId="4">NMB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFF52F065E0EAFE64" box="[151,229,368,392]" pageId="4">A8007</specimenCode>
) and 
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFC3E90BFEE1F065E186FE64" box="[292,393,367,392]" pageId="4" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFE5DF065E1DCFE64" box="[408,467,368,392]" pageId="4">PEM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFE19F065E236FE64" box="[476,569,368,392]" pageId="4">
<accessionNumber id="E4FFA4A3FFC3E90BFE19F065E236FE64" box="[476,569,368,392]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A10082" pageId="4" type="EnaNcbi">A10082</accessionNumber>
</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFD89F07AE299FE64" box="[588,662,367,392]" pageId="4">10085</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFD6FF07AE2FBFE64" box="[682,756,367,392]" pageId="4">10086</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFCCDF065E35DFE64" box="[776,850,368,392]" pageId="4">10089</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFCA3F065E3BFFE64" box="[870,944,368,392]" pageId="4">10090</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFC01F065E401FE64" box="[964,1038,368,392]" pageId="4">10094</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFBE7F07AE463FE64" box="[1058,1132,367,392]" pageId="4">10096</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFB44F065E4C4FE64" box="[1153,1227,368,392]" pageId="4">10098</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFB1BF065E527FE64" box="[1246,1320,368,392]" pageId="4">10099</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFAF8F065E588FE64" box="[1341,1415,368,392]" pageId="4">10101</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFF52F081E0EFFE40" box="[151,224,404,428]" pageId="4">10102</specimenCode>
, - 
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFF36F081E131FE41" box="[243,318,404,429]" pageId="4">10105</specimenCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFE8CF081E192FE40" box="[329,413,404,428]" pageId="4">SAIAB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFE61F081E21EFE41" box="[420,529,404,429]" pageId="4">191643.2</specimenCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="9DBDA185FFC3E90BFDD9F080E253FE40" box="[540,604,405,428]" pageId="4">NMB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="AB0A913BFFC3E90BFDA7F081E2BCFE40" box="[610,691,404,428]" pageId="4">A8008</specimenCode>
), identical collecting details as Holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFC3E90BFF02F0A2E120F9A3" pageId="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F0A2E43CFDD0" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF02F0A2E14EFE3C" bold="true" box="[199,321,439,464]" pageId="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species referred to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD1EF0ADE37FFE23" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[731,880,440,463]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD1EF0ADE37FFE23" box="[731,880,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="4">Cacosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the following characters: pupil horizontal; vomerine teeth absent; no mid-tarsal tubercle; no webbing on fingers and toes; no terminal discs on fingers and toes; tympanum hidden; smooth immaculate ventral surface with fine mottling (
<bibRefCitation id="9F3D44B1FFC3E90BFBEAF0EAE4ECFDF4" author="Channing" box="[1071,1251,511,536]" firstAuthor="Channing" pageId="4" refId="ref7988" refString="Channing, A. (2001) Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa. Cornell University, New York, 447 pp." type="book" year="2001">Channing 2001</bibRefCitation>
); and molecular monophly for the 16S mitochondrial marker with other 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFCC3F331E394FDD7" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[774,923,548,571]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCC3F331E394FDD7" box="[774,923,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="4">Cacosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC3E90BFC25F331E42AFDD0" box="[992,1061,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[246,1289,209,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[246,1305,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for populations of Cacosternum examined in this study. Node support with posterior probabilities&gt; 0.95 and maximum likelihood bootstrap&gt; 70 % are indicated with a black circle. Nodes supported only by posterior probabilities are indicated with a white circle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226168/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F352E1CAFD1C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
This new species differs from other 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD92F35DE2E3FDB3" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[599,748,584,607]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD92F35DE2E3FDB3" box="[599,748,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="4">Cacosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with regard to the 16S fragment, by a net uncorrected p-distance value of 1.9–5.4%. The within-clade variation is zero (see 
<tableCitation id="B62E0CFBFFC3E90BFC79F379E41BFD68" box="[956,1044,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1382,202,927]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Average uncorrected p-distance between Cacosternum species based on 16 S sequences." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AFD369C8FFC1E909FF52F18DE4B6FF43" pageId="4" tableUuid="AFD369C8FFC1E909FF52F18DE4B6FF43">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Although the net uncorrected pdistance between the new species and his closest relative is very low (1.9%), it is well in range with values provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="9F3D44B1FFC3E90BFEEBF3A1E234FD20" author="Channing" box="[302,571,692,717]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Channing" pageId="4" pagination="518 - 550" refId="ref8109" refString="Channing, A., Schmitz, A., Burger, M. &amp; Kielgast, J. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of African Dainty Frogs, with the description of four new species (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum). Zootaxa, 3701 (5), 518 - 550. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3701.5.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Channing 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE62F3A0E1EBFD20" box="[423,484,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
for other valid species. The new species forms part of the 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFAC3F3A1E0F3FD1C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFAC3F3A1E0F3FD1C" italics="true" pageId="4">Cacosternum boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC3E90BFEB6F3C2E1B7FD1C" box="[371,440,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[246,1289,209,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[246,1305,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for populations of Cacosternum examined in this study. Node support with posterior probabilities&gt; 0.95 and maximum likelihood bootstrap&gt; 70 % are indicated with a black circle. Nodes supported only by posterior probabilities are indicated with a white circle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226168/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F3E9E25CFB4C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
The dorsum is smooth with no protruding skin glands or ridges, distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB9DF3E9E4D9FCF8" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[1112,1238,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFB9DF3E9E4D9FCF8" box="[1112,1238,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with protruding lateral and dorsoventral skin glands), 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD89F235E308FCD4" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[588,775,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD89F235E308FCD4" box="[588,775,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. nanogularum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC81F235E3DDFCD4" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[836,978,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFC81F235E358FCDB" box="[836,855,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="4">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCA2F234E3DDFCD4" box="[871,978,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="4">aggestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(hourglass pattern skin glands), and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F235E0E3FCB0" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFA47F235E0E3FCB0" italics="true" pageId="4">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(longitudinal dorsolateral skin ridges); no webbing between toes, distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFBA1F251E4DEFCB0" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" box="[1124,1233,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFBA1F251E4DEFCB0" box="[1124,1233,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. leleupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(webbing reaches proximal subarticular tubercle of fourth toe); tympanum absent (present 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC78F27DE472FC6C" authorityName="Channing &amp; Schmitz" authorityYear="2009" box="[957,1149,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFC78F27DE472FC6C" box="[957,1149,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. kinangopensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); viewed from above, the nostrils are closer to the snout than in 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD88F299E2EAFC48" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[589,741,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD88F299E2EAFC48" box="[589,741,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. karooicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(nostril situated at least three nostril diameters from anterior margin of snout); supratympanic fold is indistinct, distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFCA6F2A5E3E7FC24" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[867,1000,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCA6F2A5E3E7FC24" box="[867,1000,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC33F2A5E4ADFC24" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[1014,1186,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFC33F2A5E4ADFC24" box="[1014,1186,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. namaquense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB1DF2A5E55AFC2B" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[1240,1365,944,967]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFB1DF2A5E55AFC2B" box="[1240,1365,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. striatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(form a thickened saddle); inner metatarsal tubercle is small, low, and equal to the width of the tip of the first toe, which distinguishes them from those where the inner metatarsal tubercle is twice the width of the tip of the first toe (
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F2EDE0ECFBD8" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFA47F2EDE0ECFBD8" italics="true" pageId="4">C. leleupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFF30F509E18AFBD8" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[245,389,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF30F509E18AFBD8" box="[245,389,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. aggestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE52F509E21EFBD8" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" box="[407,529,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE52F509E21EFBD8" box="[407,529,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD95F509E2EFFBD8" authorityName="Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre &amp; Moyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[592,736,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plimptoni">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD95F509E2EFFBD8" box="[592,736,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. plimptoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); rictal gland is smooth and uninterrupted, distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F509E0ECFBB4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFA47F509E0ECFBB4" italics="true" pageId="4">C. nanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFEE5F555E188FBB4" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[288,391,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFEE5F555E188FBB4" box="[288,391,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(interrupted and bumpy); no supernumerary tubercles on the palm, distinguishing it from species with 2–5 tubercles (
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE13F571E1A6FB4C" italics="true" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE13F571E268FB90" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[470,615,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">C. aggestum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFDB0F571E30FFB90" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[629,768,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">C. boettgeri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFCC8F571E382FB90" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[781,909,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">C. capense</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC5FF571E438FB90" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[922,1079,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">C. karooicum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB81F571E4B9FB90" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" box="[1092,1206,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">C. leleupi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB06F571E57AFB90" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[1219,1397,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">C. namaquense</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F571E13EFB4C" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">C. nanogularum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFEF9F59DE1A6FB4C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[316,425,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">C. nanum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE1AF59DE24CFB4C" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[479,579,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE1AF59DE24CFB4C" box="[479,579,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F5B9E4F1FA9B" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
The vocal sac of breeding males is yellow-beige with a very light mottled appearance (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC3E90BFB25F5B9E527FB28" box="[1248,1320,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1420,195,1238]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B), which distinguishes it from species with dark throats (
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD1AF5C5E363FB04" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[735,876,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD1AF5C5E363FB04" box="[735,876,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC47F5C5E40BFB04" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[898,1028,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFC47F5C5E40BFB04" box="[898,1028,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFBDFF5C5E4EDFB04" authorityName="Channing &amp; Schmitz" authorityYear="2009" box="[1050,1250,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFBDFF5C5E4EDFB04" box="[1050,1250,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. kinangopensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB3DF5C5E563FB04" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" box="[1272,1388,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFB3DF5C5E563FB04" box="[1272,1388,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. leleupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F5C5E12CFAE0" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFA47F5C5E12CFAE0" italics="true" pageId="4">C. namaquense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFEF4F5E1E26AFAE0" box="[305,613,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFEF4F5E1E1E2FAE0" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[305,493,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">C. nanogularum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE3DF5E1E26AFAE0" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[504,613,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">C. nanum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFDB1F5E1E2E5FAE0" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" box="[628,746,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFDB1F5E1E2E5FAE0" box="[628,746,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFCECF5E1E381FAE0" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[809,910,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCECF5E1E381FAE0" box="[809,910,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), species where the throat is beige with bolder fine mottling (
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFEF2F40DE1CCFADC" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[311,451,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFEF2F40DE1CCFADC" box="[311,451,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. aggestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE15F40DE25DFADC" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[464,594,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE15F40DE25DFADC" box="[464,594,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFDA5F40DE2F8FADC" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[608,759,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFDA5F40DE2F8FADC" box="[608,759,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. karooicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but indistinct from species with white to yellow throats (
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F40DE10DFAB8" authorityName="Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre &amp; Moyer" authorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plimptoni">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFA47F40DE10DFAB8" italics="true" pageId="4">C. plimptoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFED4F429E1ABFAB8" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[273,420,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhythmum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFED4F429E1ABFAB8" box="[273,420,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. rhythmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE18F429E254FAB8" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[477,603,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE18F429E254FAB8" box="[477,603,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. striatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); ventrum is immaculate with lateral margins with small speckles, which distinguishes it from all other 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFE22F475E273FA9B" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[487,636,1376,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFE22F475E273FA9B" box="[487,636,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4">Cacosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species except 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFCE9F475E3AEFA94" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" box="[812,929,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCE9F475E3AEFA94" box="[812,929,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC75F475E44DFA94" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[944,1090,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhythmum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFC75F475E44DFA94" box="[944,1090,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. rhythmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFBBDF475E4F1FA9B" box="[1144,1278,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFBBDF475E4F5FA9B" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[1144,1274,1376,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">C. striatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F491E120F9A3" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
The advertisement call consists of a string of ‘chirps’ followed by a number of longer ‘creaks’, produced with a distinctive beat. It differs from the simple series of single or multiple clicks of 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFBDBF4BDE0E5FA08" italics="true" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFBDBF4BDE4A8FA2C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1054,1191,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">C. boettgeri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB76F4BDE578FA2C" authorityName="Channing &amp; Schmitz" authorityYear="2009" box="[1203,1399,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">C. kinangopensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F4BDE0E9FA08" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">C. leleupi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFEE6F4D9E1BFFA08" authorityName="Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre &amp; Moyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[291,432,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plimptoni">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFEE6F4D9E1BFFA08" box="[291,432,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. plimptoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the creaking calls of 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD0DF4D9E0FCF9E4" italics="true" pageId="4">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD0DF4D9E348FA08" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[712,839,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">C. capense</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC91F4D9E3FFFA08" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[852,1008,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">C. karooicum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFC39F4D9E4A2FA08" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[1020,1197,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">C. namaquense</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFB7FF4D9E579FA08" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[1210,1398,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">C. nanogularum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFA47F4D9E0E0F9E4" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">C. parvum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFEEDF4E5E1AAF9EB" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[296,421,1520,1543]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFEEDF4E5E1AAF9EB" box="[296,421,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. striatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the brief chirps of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD53F4E5E30DF9E4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[662,770,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD53F4E5E30DF9E4" box="[662,770,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. nanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from those species producing a 'bouncing marble' call of pulses that speed up such as 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFDE0F701E2BEF9C0" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[549,689,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFDE0F701E2BEF9C0" box="[549,689,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. aggestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFD7AF701E34DF9C0" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[703,834,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFD7AF701E34DF9C0" box="[703,834,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFCBCF701E3D2F9C0" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[889,989,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCBCF701E3D2F9C0" box="[889,989,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Call structure mostly resembles that of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC3E90BFF52F72DE127F9BC" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,296,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhythmum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF52F72DE127F9BC" box="[151,296,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4">C. rhythmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFC3E905FF02F749E104F83E" lastPageId="10" pageId="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC3E90BFF02F749E499F830" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFF02F749E204F999" bold="true" box="[199,523,1628,1653]" pageId="4">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC3E90BFE61F749E204F999" box="[420,523,1628,1653]" pageId="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(all measures in mm). Small adult male, SUL 14.0. Body slender, widest at midbelly, with a narrow head (HW/SUL 0.3). The head is acutely rounded from above and in profile. Head length measured from the angle of the jaw is moderate (HL/SUL 0.4). 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC3E90BFCB8F7B1E44DF950" box="[893,1090,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
rounded, straight from eye to nostril, loreal region convex; nostrils small, rounded, directed laterally. The nostrils are placed closer to the snout than to the eye (EN/SL 0.5). Internostril distance is less than distance between eye and nostril (NN/EN 1.2). Eyes directed anterolaterally, the eyes protrude, and barely visible from below, relatively small (ED/HW 0.4; ED/SUL 0.1), nearly equal to snout (ED/SL 0.8). Distance between anterior corners of eyes nearly double the internostril distance (NN/EE 0.5). The angle of the jaw is posterior to a line drawn vertically from the back of the eye. Tympanum not visible. Jaws without dentition; choanae small, round, located at anterior margins of roof of mouth; vomer processes and teeth absent; tongue long (2.9), narrow proximally, broad distally (maximum 2.0), slightly bifurcated distally, proximal third attached to lower jaw. No median lingual papilla present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFC2E90AFF52F668E2E8F83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226168/files/figure.png" pageId="5" targetBox="[246,1289,209,1847]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC2E90AFF52F668E2E8F83D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1917,2001]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC2E90AFF52F668E117F87F" bold="true" box="[151,280,1917,1939]" pageId="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Bayesian consensus phylogram for populations of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC2E90AFC85F66BE3C8F87F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[832,967,1918,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC2E90AFC85F66BE3C8F87F" box="[832,967,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cacosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined in this study. Node support with posterior probabilities&gt; 0.95 and maximum likelihood bootstrap&gt; 70% are indicated with a black circle. Nodes supported only by posterior probabilities are indicated with a white circle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFC1E909FF52F18DE4B6FF43" ID-Table-UUID="AFD369C8FFC1E909FF52F18DE4B6FF43" box="[151,1209,152,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AFD369C8FFC1E909FF52F18DE4B6FF43" pageId="6" startId="6.[151,239,152,175]" targetBox="[159,1382,202,927]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC1E909FF52F18DE4B6FF43" blockId="6.[151,1209,152,175]" box="[151,1209,152,175]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF52F18DE107FF43" bold="true" box="[151,264,152,175]" pageId="6">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Average uncorrected p-distance between 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FD0DF18DE359FF43" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[712,854,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FD0DF18DE359FF43" box="[712,854,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6">Cacosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on 16S sequences.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC1E909FE28F1DFE569FC73" pageId="6">
<table id="89ACCBE0FFC116F0FF5AF1DFE569FC73" box="[159,1382,202,927]" gridcols="10" gridrows="18" pageId="6" rowsContinueIn="6.[159,1404,1013,1738]">
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF1DFE569FF0C" box="[159,1382,202,224]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="6" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F1DFE229FF0C" box="[493,550,202,224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6">1</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F1DFE291FF0C" box="[613,670,202,224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6">2</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF1DFE31BFF0C" box="[731,788,202,224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6">3</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F1DFE384FF0C" box="[850,907,202,224]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6">4</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF1DFE40DFF0C" box="[969,1026,202,224]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6">5</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF1DFE477FF0C" box="[1087,1144,202,224]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6">6</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F1DFE4E0FF0C" box="[1206,1263,202,224]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6">7</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F1DFE569FF0C" box="[1324,1382,202,224]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6">8</th>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF1E1E569FEE6" box="[159,1382,244,266]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF1E1E0B6FEE6" box="[159,185,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6">1</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F1E1E180FEE6" box="[220,399,244,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F1E0E15BFEE6" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[220,340,245,266]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Microbatrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F1E0E15BFEE6" box="[220,340,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="6">M. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F1E1E229FEE6" box="[493,550,244,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF008E569FEDF" box="[159,1382,285,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF008E0B6FEDF" box="[159,185,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6">2</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F008E180FEDF" box="[220,399,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F00BE155FEDF" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,346,286,307]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F00BE155FEDF" box="[220,346,286,307]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. aggestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F008E229FEDF" box="[493,550,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6">0.085</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF053E569FEB0" box="[159,1382,326,348]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF053E0B6FEB0" box="[159,185,326,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6">3</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F053E180FEB0" box="[220,399,326,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F052E15DFEB0" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,338,326,348]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F052E15DFEB0" box="[220,338,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F053E229FEB0" box="[493,550,326,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6">0.085</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F053E291FEB0" box="[613,670,326,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6">0.041</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF065E569FE6A" box="[159,1382,368,390]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF065E0B6FE6A" box="[159,185,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6">4</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F065E180FE6A" box="[220,399,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F064E15BFE6A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[220,340,368,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F064E15BFE6A" box="[220,340,368,390]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F065E229FE6A" box="[493,550,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6">0.094</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F065E291FE6A" box="[613,670,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF065E31BFE6A" box="[731,788,368,390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6">0.031</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF08CE569FE43" box="[159,1382,409,431]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF08CE0B6FE43" box="[159,185,409,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6">5</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F08CE180FE43" box="[220,399,409,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F08FE145FE43" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[220,330,410,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F08FE145FE43" box="[220,330,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F08CE229FE43" box="[493,550,409,431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6">0.087</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F08CE291FE43" box="[613,670,409,431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF08CE31BFE43" box="[731,788,409,431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6">0.039</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F08CE384FE43" box="[850,907,409,431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6">0.045</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF0D7E569FE34" box="[159,1382,450,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF0D7E0B6FE34" box="[159,185,450,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6">6</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F0D7E180FE34" box="[220,399,450,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F0D6E16BFE34" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[220,356,450,472]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F0D6E16BFE34" box="[220,356,450,472]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. karooicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F0D7E229FE34" box="[493,550,450,472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6">0.091</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F0D7E291FE34" box="[613,670,450,472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF0D7E31BFE34" box="[731,788,450,472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6">0.045</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F0D7E384FE34" box="[850,907,450,472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF0D7E40DFE34" box="[969,1026,450,472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="6">0.043</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF0F9E569FDEE" box="[159,1382,492,514]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF0F9E0B6FDEE" box="[159,185,492,514]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6">7</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F0F9E180FDEE" box="[220,399,492,514]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F0F9E185FDEE" authorityName="Channing &amp; Schmitz" authorityYear="2009" box="[220,394,492,514]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F0F9E185FDEE" box="[220,394,492,514]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. kinangopensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F0F9E229FDEE" box="[493,550,492,514]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6">0.095</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F0F9E291FDEE" box="[613,670,492,514]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6">0.052</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF0F9E31BFDEE" box="[731,788,492,514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6">0.038</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F0F9E384FDEE" box="[850,907,492,514]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6">0.036</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF0F9E40DFDEE" box="[969,1026,492,514]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6">0.056</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF0F9E477FDEE" box="[1087,1144,492,514]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="6">0.056</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF300E569FDC7" box="[159,1382,533,555]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF300E0B6FDC7" box="[159,185,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6">8</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F300E180FDC7" box="[220,399,533,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F303E131FDC7" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" box="[220,318,533,555]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F303E131FDC7" box="[220,318,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. leleupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F300E229FDC7" box="[493,550,533,555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.102</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F300E291FDC7" box="[613,670,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF300E31BFDC7" box="[731,788,533,555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F300E384FDC7" box="[850,907,533,555]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.045</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF300E40DFDC7" box="[969,1026,533,555]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.045</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF300E477FDC7" box="[1087,1144,533,555]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.056</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F300E4E0FDC7" box="[1206,1263,533,555]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="6">0.067</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF32BE569FDB9" box="[159,1382,574,597]" gridrow="9" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF32BE0B6FDB9" box="[159,185,574,597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6">9</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F32BE180FDB9" box="[220,399,574,597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F32AE178FDB9" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[220,375,575,597]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F32AE178FDB9" box="[220,375,575,597]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. namaquense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F32BE229FDB9" box="[493,550,574,597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.091</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F32BE291FDB9" box="[613,670,574,597]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.043</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF32BE31BFDB9" box="[731,788,574,597]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.028</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F32BE384FDB9" box="[850,907,574,597]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.036</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF32BE40DFDB9" box="[969,1026,574,597]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.024</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF32BE477FDB9" box="[1087,1144,574,597]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.043</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F32BE4E0FDB9" box="[1206,1263,574,597]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F32BE569FDB9" box="[1324,1382,574,597]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="6">0.045</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF37DE569FD92" box="[159,1382,616,638]" gridrow="10" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF37DE0B6FD92" box="[159,185,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6">10</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F37DE180FD92" box="[220,399,616,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F37CE18EFD92" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,385,616,638]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F37CE18EFD92" box="[220,385,616,638]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. nanogularum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F37DE229FD92" box="[493,550,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.105</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F37DE291FD92" box="[613,670,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.061</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF37DE31BFD92" box="[731,788,616,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.057</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F37DE384FD92" box="[850,907,616,638]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.057</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF37DE40DFD92" box="[969,1026,616,638]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF37DE477FD92" box="[1087,1144,616,638]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.045</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F37DE4E0FD92" box="[1206,1263,616,638]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.059</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F37DE569FD92" box="[1324,1382,616,638]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.052</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF384E569FD4B" box="[159,1382,657,679]" gridrow="11" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF384E0B6FD4B" box="[159,185,657,679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6">11</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F384E180FD4B" box="[220,399,657,679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F387E132FD4B" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[220,317,658,679]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F387E132FD4B" box="[220,317,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. nanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F384E229FD4B" box="[493,550,657,679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.085</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F384E291FD4B" box="[613,670,657,679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.050</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF384E31BFD4B" box="[731,788,657,679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.053</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F384E384FD4B" box="[850,907,657,679]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.039</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF384E40DFD4B" box="[969,1026,657,679]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.046</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF384E477FD4B" box="[1087,1144,657,679]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.042</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F384E4E0FD4B" box="[1206,1263,657,679]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F384E569FD4B" box="[1324,1382,657,679]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.050</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF3AFE569FD3C" box="[159,1382,698,720]" gridrow="12" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF3AFE0B6FD3C" box="[159,185,698,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6">12</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F3AFE180FD3C" box="[220,399,698,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F3AEE149FD3C" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" box="[220,326,699,720]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F3AEE149FD3C" box="[220,326,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F3AFE229FD3C" box="[493,550,698,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.100</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F3AFE291FD3C" box="[613,670,698,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.052</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF3AFE31BFD3C" box="[731,788,698,720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F3AFE384FD3C" box="[850,907,698,720]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.045</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF3AFE40DFD3C" box="[969,1026,698,720]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF3AFE477FD3C" box="[1087,1144,698,720]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.050</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F3AFE4E0FD3C" box="[1206,1263,698,720]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.058</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F3AFE569FD3C" box="[1324,1382,698,720]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.050</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF3F1E569FD16" box="[159,1382,740,762]" gridrow="13" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF3F1E0B6FD16" box="[159,185,740,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6">13</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F3F1E180FD16" box="[220,399,740,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F3F1E13AFD16" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[220,309,740,762]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F3F1E13AFD16" box="[220,309,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F3F1E229FD16" box="[493,550,740,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.102</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F3F1E291FD16" box="[613,670,740,762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF3F1E31BFD16" box="[731,788,740,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.028</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F3F1E384FD16" box="[850,907,740,762]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.033</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF3F1E40DFD16" box="[969,1026,740,762]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF3F1E477FD16" box="[1087,1144,740,762]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.050</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F3F1E4E0FD16" box="[1206,1263,740,762]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.037</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F3F1E569FD16" box="[1324,1382,740,762]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.056</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF218E569FCCF" box="[159,1382,781,803]" gridrow="14" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF218E0B6FCCF" box="[159,185,781,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6">14</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F218E180FCCF" box="[220,399,781,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F21BE155FCCF" authorityName="Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre &amp; Moyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[220,346,781,803]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plimptoni">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F21BE155FCCF" box="[220,346,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. plimptoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F218E229FCCF" box="[493,550,781,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.094</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F218E291FCCF" box="[613,670,781,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.044</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF218E31BFCCF" box="[731,788,781,803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.022</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F218E384FCCF" box="[850,907,781,803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.026</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF218E40DFCCF" box="[969,1026,781,803]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF218E477FCCF" box="[1087,1144,781,803]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.044</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F218E4E0FCCF" box="[1206,1263,781,803]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.044</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F218E569FCCF" box="[1324,1382,781,803]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.046</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF223E569FCA0" box="[159,1382,822,844]" gridrow="15" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF223E0B6FCA0" box="[159,185,822,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6">15</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F223E180FCA0" box="[220,399,822,844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F222E150FCA0" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,351,822,844]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhythmum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F222E150FCA0" box="[220,351,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. rhythmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F223E229FCA0" box="[493,550,822,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.091</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F223E291FCA0" box="[613,670,822,844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.050</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF223E31BFCA0" box="[731,788,822,844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.030</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F223E384FCA0" box="[850,907,822,844]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.012</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF223E40DFCA0" box="[969,1026,822,844]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF223E477FCA0" box="[1087,1144,822,844]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.041</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F223E4E0FCA0" box="[1206,1263,822,844]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.030</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F223E569FCA0" box="[1324,1382,822,844]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.043</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF275E569FC9A" box="[159,1382,864,886]" gridrow="16" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF275E0B6FC9A" box="[159,185,864,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6">16</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F275E180FC9A" box="[220,399,864,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F274E142FC9A" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[220,333,865,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F274E142FC9A" box="[220,333,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. striatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F275E229FC9A" box="[493,550,864,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.093</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F275E291FC9A" box="[613,670,864,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF275E31BFC9A" box="[731,788,864,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.030</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F275E384FC9A" box="[850,907,864,886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.025</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF275E40DFC9A" box="[969,1026,864,886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.050</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF275E477FC9A" box="[1087,1144,864,886]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.050</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F275E4E0FC9A" box="[1206,1263,864,886]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.030</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F275E569FC9A" box="[1324,1382,864,886]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.054</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF29CE569FC73" box="[159,1382,905,927]" gridrow="17" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF29CE0B6FC73" box="[159,185,905,927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6">17</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F29CE180FC73" box="[220,399,905,927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F29FE131FC73" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[220,318,905,927]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F29FE131FC73" box="[220,318,905,927]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFC1E909FE80F29CE180FC73" box="[325,399,905,927]" pageId="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FE80F29CE180FC73" bold="true" box="[325,399,905,927]" pageId="6">sp.nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE28F29CE229FC73" box="[493,550,905,927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.100</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FDA0F29CE291FC73" box="[613,670,905,927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.052</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD1EF29CE31BFC73" box="[731,788,905,927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.030</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC97F29CE384FC73" box="[850,907,905,927]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.021</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC0CF29CE40DFC73" box="[969,1026,905,927]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBFAF29CE477FC73" box="[1087,1144,905,927]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.048</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB73F29CE4E0FC73" box="[1206,1263,905,927]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.041</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAE9F29CE569FC73" box="[1324,1382,905,927]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.050</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFC1E909FF52F2D7E196FC35" box="[151,409,962,985]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="6" startId="6.[151,239,962,985]" targetBox="[159,1404,1013,1738]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC1E909FF52F2D7E196FC35" blockId="6.[151,409,962,985]" box="[151,409,962,985]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF52F2D7E107FC35" bold="true" box="[151,264,962,985]" pageId="6">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
(Continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC1E909FE1AF2E0E564F926" pageId="6">
<table id="89ACCBE0FFC116F0FF5AF2E0E573F926" box="[159,1404,1013,1738]" gridcols="11" gridrows="18" pageId="6" rowsContinueFrom="6.[159,1382,202,927]">
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF2E0E573FBE7" box="[159,1404,1013,1035]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="6" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF2E0E217FBE7" box="[479,536,1013,1035]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6">9</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F2E0E286FBE7" box="[592,649,1013,1035]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6">10</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F2E0E2F6FBE7" box="[704,761,1013,1035]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6">11</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FCF4F2E0E365FBE7" box="[817,874,1013,1035]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6">
<date id="8F121F80FFC1E909FCF4F2E0E345FBE7" box="[817,842,1013,1035]" pageId="6" value="2012-11-10">12</date>
</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FC64F2E0E3D5FBE7" box="[929,986,1013,1035]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6">13</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FBD7F2E0E444FBE7" box="[1042,1099,1013,1035]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6">14</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FB47F2E0E4B4FBE7" box="[1154,1211,1013,1035]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6">15</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FB36F2E0E523FBE7" box="[1267,1324,1013,1035]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6">16</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FAA6F2E0E573FBE7" box="[1379,1404,1013,1035]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6">17</th>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF50BE573FBD8" box="[159,1404,1054,1076]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF50BE0B6FBD8" box="[159,185,1054,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6">1</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F50BE180FBD8" box="[220,399,1054,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F50AE15BFBD8" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[220,340,1055,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Microbatrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFC1E909FF19F50AE0F7FBD8" box="[220,248,1055,1076]" pageId="6" type="generic">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F50AE0F7FBD8" box="[220,248,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6">M.</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
capensis
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF552E573FBB2" box="[159,1404,1095,1118]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF552E0B6FBB2" box="[159,185,1095,1118]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6">2</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F552E180FBB2" box="[220,399,1095,1118]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F55DE155FBB2" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,346,1096,1118]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F55DE155FBB2" box="[220,346,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. aggestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF564E573FB6B" box="[159,1404,1137,1159]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF564E0B6FB6B" box="[159,185,1137,1159]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6">3</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F564E180FB6B" box="[220,399,1137,1159]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F567E15DFB6B" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,338,1137,1159]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F567E15DFB6B" box="[220,338,1137,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF58FE573FB5C" box="[159,1404,1178,1200]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF58FE0B6FB5C" box="[159,185,1178,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6">4</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F58FE180FB5C" box="[220,399,1178,1200]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F58EE15BFB5C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[220,340,1178,1200]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F58EE15BFB5C" box="[220,340,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF5D1E573FB36" box="[159,1404,1220,1242]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF5D1E0B6FB36" box="[159,185,1220,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6">5</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F5D1E180FB36" box="[220,399,1220,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F5D1E145FB36" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[220,330,1220,1242]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F5D1E145FB36" box="[220,330,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF5F8E573FAEF" box="[159,1404,1261,1283]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF5F8E0B6FAEF" box="[159,185,1261,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6">6</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F5F8E180FAEF" box="[220,399,1261,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F5FBE16BFAEF" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[220,356,1261,1283]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F5FBE16BFAEF" box="[220,356,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. karooicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF403E573FAC0" box="[159,1404,1302,1324]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF403E0B6FAC0" box="[159,185,1302,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6">7</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F403E180FAC0" box="[220,399,1302,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F402E185FAC0" authorityName="Channing &amp; Schmitz" authorityYear="2009" box="[220,394,1302,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F402E185FAC0" box="[220,394,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. kinangopensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF42AE573FAB9" box="[159,1404,1343,1365]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF42AE0B6FAB9" box="[159,185,1343,1365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6">8</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F42AE180FAB9" box="[220,399,1343,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F455E131FAB9" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" box="[220,318,1343,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F455E131FAB9" box="[220,318,1343,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. leleupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF47CE573FA93" box="[159,1404,1385,1407]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF47CE0B6FA93" box="[159,185,1385,1407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6">9</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F47CE180FA93" box="[220,399,1385,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F47FE178FA93" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[220,375,1386,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F47FE178FA93" box="[220,375,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. namaquense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF487E573FA44" box="[159,1404,1426,1448]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF487E0B6FA44" box="[159,185,1426,1448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6">10</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F487E180FA44" box="[220,399,1426,1448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F486E18EFA44" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,385,1426,1448]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F486E18EFA44" box="[220,385,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. nanogularum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF487E217FA44" box="[479,536,1426,1448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6">0.053</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF4A9E573FA3E" box="[159,1404,1468,1490]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF4A9E0B6FA3E" box="[159,185,1468,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6">11</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F4A9E180FA3E" box="[220,399,1468,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F4A9E132FA3E" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[220,317,1468,1490]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F4A9E132FA3E" box="[220,317,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. nanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF4A9E217FA3E" box="[479,536,1468,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.053</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F4A9E286FA3E" box="[592,649,1468,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6">0.048</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF4F0E573FA17" box="[159,1404,1509,1531]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF4F0E0B6FA17" box="[159,185,1509,1531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6">12</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F4F0E180FA17" box="[220,399,1509,1531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F4F3E149FA17" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" box="[220,326,1510,1531]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F4F3E149FA17" box="[220,326,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF4F0E217FA17" box="[479,536,1509,1531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F4F0E286FA17" box="[592,649,1509,1531]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.029</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F4F0E2F6FA17" box="[704,761,1509,1531]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6">0.038</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF71BE573F9C8" box="[159,1404,1550,1572]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF71BE0B6F9C8" box="[159,185,1550,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6">13</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F71BE180F9C8" box="[220,399,1550,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F71AE13AF9C8" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[220,309,1550,1572]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F71AE13AF9C8" box="[220,309,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF71BE217F9C8" box="[479,536,1550,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.041</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F71BE286F9C8" box="[592,649,1550,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.051</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F71BE2F6F9C8" box="[704,761,1550,1572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.052</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FCF4F71BE365F9C8" box="[817,874,1550,1572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6">0.058</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF722E573F9A1" box="[159,1404,1591,1613]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF722E0B6F9A1" box="[159,185,1591,1613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6">14</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F722E180F9A1" box="[220,399,1591,1613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F72DE155F9A1" authorityName="Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre &amp; Moyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[220,346,1591,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plimptoni">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F72DE155F9A1" box="[220,346,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. plimptoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF722E217F9A1" box="[479,536,1591,1613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.038</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F722E286F9A1" box="[592,649,1591,1613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.059</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F722E2F6F9A1" box="[704,761,1591,1613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.044</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FCF4F722E365F9A1" box="[817,874,1591,1613]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.051</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC64F722E3D5F9A1" box="[929,986,1591,1613]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="6">0.033</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF774E573F99B" box="[159,1404,1633,1655]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF774E0B6F99B" box="[159,185,1633,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6">15</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F774E180F99B" box="[220,399,1633,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F777E150F99B" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[220,351,1633,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhythmum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F777E150F99B" box="[220,351,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. rhythmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF774E217F99B" box="[479,536,1633,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.035</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F774E286F99B" box="[592,649,1633,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.055</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F774E2F6F99B" box="[704,761,1633,1655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.039</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FCF4F774E365F99B" box="[817,874,1633,1655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.045</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC64F774E3D5F99B" box="[929,986,1633,1655]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.028</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBD7F774E444F99B" box="[1042,1099,1633,1655]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="6">0.020</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF79FE573F94C" box="[159,1404,1674,1696]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF79FE0B6F94C" box="[159,185,1674,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6">16</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F79FE180F94C" box="[220,399,1674,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F79EE142F94C" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[220,333,1675,1696]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F79EE142F94C" box="[220,333,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. striatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF79FE217F94C" box="[479,536,1674,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.037</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F79FE286F94C" box="[592,649,1674,1696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.053</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F79FE2F6F94C" box="[704,761,1674,1696]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.047</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FCF4F79FE365F94C" box="[817,874,1674,1696]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.052</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC64F79FE3D5F94C" box="[929,986,1674,1696]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.026</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBD7F79FE444F94C" box="[1042,1099,1674,1696]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.031</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB47F79FE4B4F94C" box="[1154,1211,1674,1696]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="6">0.026</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC116F0FF5AF7A1E573F926" box="[159,1404,1716,1738]" gridrow="17" pageId="6">
<th id="064D527EFFC116F0FF5AF7A1E0B6F926" box="[159,185,1716,1738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6">17</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FF19F7A1E180F926" box="[220,399,1716,1738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC1E909FF19F7A1E131F926" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[220,318,1716,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FF19F7A1E131F926" box="[220,318,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6">C. thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFC1E909FE80F7A1E180F926" box="[325,399,1716,1738]" pageId="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC1E909FE80F7A1E180F926" bold="true" box="[325,399,1716,1738]" pageId="6">sp.nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FE1AF7A1E217F926" box="[479,536,1716,1738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.039</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD95F7A1E286F926" box="[592,649,1716,1738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.052</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FD05F7A1E2F6F926" box="[704,761,1716,1738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.046</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FCF4F7A1E365F926" box="[817,874,1716,1738]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.054</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FC64F7A1E3D5F926" box="[929,986,1716,1738]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.024</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FBD7F7A1E444F926" box="[1042,1099,1716,1738]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.025</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB47F7A1E4B4F926" box="[1154,1211,1716,1738]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.019</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FB36F7A1E523F926" box="[1267,1324,1716,1738]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="6">0.028</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC116F0FAA6F7A1E573F926" box="[1379,1404,1716,1738]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="6">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC1E909FF02F61CE186F862" blockId="6.[151,1436,1801,2006]" pageId="6">
The dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk and limbs are smooth, with no glands and skin folds present; the rictal gland is smooth, continuing posteriorly unbroken to just before arm insertion. Supratympanic fold inconspicuous to absent. Ventrally smooth, with very light mottled appearance, vocal sac yellow-beige with a slight mottled appearance (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC1E909FEE1F660E169F862" box="[292,358,1909,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1420,195,1238]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC1E908FF02F68CE2B0FEF1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1801,2006]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="7" pageId="6">The forelimb is slender, hand small (HAN/SUL 0.3), finger tips bluntly rounded without discs. Relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, with one on fingers I and II, two on finger IV and three on finger III, with the proximal subarticular tubercle on finger III small but distinct. No webbing between fingers. Thenar tubercle small, rounded, partially obscured by nuptial pad that reaches the distal phalanx of the first finger; palmar tubercles and inner metacarpal tubercle small, rounded; outer metacarpal tubercle minute. No supernumerary tubercles are present on the palm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC0E908FF02F032E554FE23" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="7">
<collectingCountry id="83BB79D0FFC0E908FF02F032E0F0FEAC" box="[199,255,295,320]" name="India" pageId="7">Hind</collectingCountry>
limbs moderately long (TIB/SUL 0.4; FOT/SUL 0.5), foot longer than tibia (TIB/FOT 0.8); thighs are moderately developed, with rough glands on the inner posterior faces; relative toe lengths are I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV. The toe tips are not expanded; subarticular tubercles: one on toes I and II, two on toes III and V, and three on toe IV. Only a trace of webbing between toes V and IV and toes IV and III, reaching the proximal subarticular tubercule. Inner metatarsal tubercle conical and prominent, outer metatarsal tubercle present as a small pale raised spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC0E908FF02F0C9E461FD8C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC0E908FF02F0C9E165FE19" bold="true" box="[199,362,476,501]" pageId="7">Colour in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC0E908FEBEF0C9E1B7FE18" box="[379,440,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[166,1420,195,1238]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig 3</figureCitation>
A–D). The dorsum is brown with small black speckles and white blotches. Ventrum is yellow with slight black mottling and white blotches. Nuptial pads prominent dark brown to black. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC0E908FAE3F0EAE13EFDD1" bold="true" pageId="7">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsally uniform dark brown to grey. Ventrally immaculate white with fine black pigmentation. The undersides of the hands and feet are pigmented, thighs and arms are slightly pigmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC0E908FF02F379E2D2FCD4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC0E908FF02F379E1BFFD69" bold="true" box="[199,432,620,645]" pageId="7">
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC0E908FF02F379E13BFD69" box="[199,308,620,645]" pageId="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
variation.
</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC0E908FE2BF378E256FD69" box="[494,601,621,645]" pageId="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are similar in body proportions to the 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC0E908FBD2F379E476FD69" box="[1047,1145,620,645]" pageId="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(see 
<tableCitation id="B62E0CFBFFC0E908FB7DF379E500FD68" box="[1208,1295,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,872,895]" captionTargetBox="[159,1371,954,1472]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological features (mm) of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. See Material and Methods for explanation of abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AFD369C8FFC0E908FF52F27DE121FC73" pageId="7" tableUuid="AFD369C8FFC0E908FF52F27DE121FC73">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The males range in SUL from 11.0–14.0, with the females from 12.5–15.6. The rictal gland is identical in all the 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC0E908FAEFF385E597FD44" box="[1322,1432,656,680]" pageId="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, while the subarticular tubercles of the hand vary slightly, from round to a sharper cone-shape. Dorsal colouration in life varies from uniform grey to uniform brown, and with only three showing green dorsal colouration (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFC0E908FAD2F3C2E553FD1C" box="[1303,1372,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[214,1373,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratype colour variation of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226170/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The belly is immaculate in all the 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFC0E908FE2AF3E8E252FCF9" box="[495,605,765,789]" pageId="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, with none showing prominent black spots. Eggs are visible through the belly skin of one female. Females lack nuptial pads.
</paragraph>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFC0E908FF52F27DE121FC73" ID-Table-UUID="AFD369C8FFC0E908FF52F27DE121FC73" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AFD369C8FFC0E908FF52F27DE121FC73" pageId="7" startId="7.[151,239,872,895]" targetBox="[159,1371,954,1472]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC0E908FF52F27DE121FC73" blockId="7.[151,1436,871,927]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC0E908FF52F27DE106FC93" bold="true" box="[151,265,872,895]" pageId="7">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Morphological features (mm) of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFC0E908FDB0F27DE35BFC93" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[629,852,871,895]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC0E908FDB0F27DE35BFC93" box="[629,852,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="7">Cacosternum thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFC0E908FC9EF27DE3BEFC93" box="[859,945,872,895]" pageId="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFC0E908FC9EF27DE3A5FC93" bold="true" box="[859,938,872,895]" pageId="7">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
See Material and Methods for explanation of abbreviations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC0E908FEB1F2AFE4B7FA2C" pageId="7">
<table id="89ACCBE0FFC016F0FF5AF2AFE554FA2C" box="[159,1371,954,1472]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="7">
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF2AFE554FC3C" box="[159,1371,954,976]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F2AFE34CFC3C" box="[372,835,954,976]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Males (n = 15)</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F2AFE554FC3C" box="[908,1371,954,976]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Females (n = 9)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF2F1E554FC16" box="[159,1371,996,1018]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F2F1E1A1FC16" box="[372,430,996,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7">Mean</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F2F1E34CFC16" box="[640,835,996,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7">Standard Deviation</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F2F1E3C9FC16" box="[908,966,996,1018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7">Mean</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF2F1E554FC16" box="[1176,1371,996,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7">Standard Deviation</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF518E554FBCF" box="[159,1371,1037,1059]" gridrow="2" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF518E0D9FBCF" box="[159,214,1037,1059]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7">SUL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F518E1A1FBCF" box="[372,430,1037,1059]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7">12.9</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F518E34CFBCF" box="[640,835,1037,1059]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7">0.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F518E3C9FBCF" box="[908,966,1037,1059]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7">14.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF518E554FBCF" box="[1176,1371,1037,1059]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF523E554FBA0" box="[159,1371,1078,1100]" gridrow="3" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF523E0D9FBA0" box="[159,214,1078,1100]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7">TIB</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F523E1A1FBA0" box="[372,430,1078,1100]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7">5.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F523E34CFBA0" box="[640,835,1078,1100]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F523E3C9FBA0" box="[908,966,1078,1100]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7">5.7</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF523E554FBA0" box="[1176,1371,1078,1100]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7">0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF575E554FB9A" box="[159,1371,1120,1142]" gridrow="4" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF575E0D9FB9A" box="[159,214,1120,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7">FOT</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F575E1A1FB9A" box="[372,430,1120,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7">7.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F575E34CFB9A" box="[640,835,1120,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F575E3C9FB9A" box="[908,966,1120,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7">7.5</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF575E554FB9A" box="[1176,1371,1120,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF59CE554FB73" box="[159,1371,1161,1183]" gridrow="5" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF59CE0D9FB73" box="[159,214,1161,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7">EN</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F59CE1A1FB73" box="[372,430,1161,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7">1.0</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F59CE34CFB73" box="[640,835,1161,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F59CE3C9FB73" box="[908,966,1161,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7">1.0</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF59CE554FB73" box="[1176,1371,1161,1183]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7">0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF5A7E554FB24" box="[159,1371,1202,1224]" gridrow="6" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF5A7E0D9FB24" box="[159,214,1202,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7">SL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F5A7E1A1FB24" box="[372,430,1202,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7">1.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F5A7E34CFB24" box="[640,835,1202,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7">0.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F5A7E3C9FB24" box="[908,966,1202,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7">2.0</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF5A7E554FB24" box="[1176,1371,1202,1224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF5C9E554FB1E" box="[159,1371,1244,1266]" gridrow="7" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF5C9E0D9FB1E" box="[159,214,1244,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7">EE</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F5C9E1A1FB1E" box="[372,430,1244,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7">2.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F5C9E34CFB1E" box="[640,835,1244,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F5C9E3C9FB1E" box="[908,966,1244,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7">2.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF5C9E554FB1E" box="[1176,1371,1244,1266]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF410E554FAF7" box="[159,1371,1285,1307]" gridrow="8" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF410E0D9FAF7" box="[159,214,1285,1307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7">ED</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F410E1A1FAF7" box="[372,430,1285,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7">1.5</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F410E34CFAF7" box="[640,835,1285,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F410E3C9FAF7" box="[908,966,1285,1307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7">1.6</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF410E554FAF7" box="[1176,1371,1285,1307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF43BE554FAA8" box="[159,1371,1326,1348]" gridrow="9" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF43BE0D9FAA8" box="[159,214,1326,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7">NN</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F43BE1A1FAA8" box="[372,430,1326,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7">1.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F43BE34CFAA8" box="[640,835,1326,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F43BE3C9FAA8" box="[908,966,1326,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7">1.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF43BE554FAA8" box="[1176,1371,1326,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7">0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF44DE554FA82" box="[159,1371,1368,1390]" gridrow="11" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF44DE0D9FA82" box="[159,214,1368,1390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7">HW</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F44DE1A1FA82" box="[372,430,1368,1390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7">4.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F44DE34CFA82" box="[640,835,1368,1390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F44DE3C9FA82" box="[908,966,1368,1390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7">4.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF44DE554FA82" box="[1176,1371,1368,1390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7">0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF494E554FA7B" box="[159,1371,1409,1431]" gridrow="12" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF494E0D9FA7B" box="[159,214,1409,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7">RAD</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F494E1A1FA7B" box="[372,430,1409,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7">2.6</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F494E34CFA7B" box="[640,835,1409,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7">0.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F494E3C9FA7B" box="[908,966,1409,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7">2.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF494E554FA7B" box="[1176,1371,1409,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7">0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF4BFE554FA2C" box="[159,1371,1450,1472]" gridrow="14" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF4BFE0D9FA2C" box="[159,214,1450,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7">HAN</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F4BFE1A1FA2C" box="[372,430,1450,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7">3.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F4BFE34CFA2C" box="[640,835,1450,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F4BFE3C9FA2C" box="[908,966,1450,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7">3.6</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF4BFE554FA2C" box="[1176,1371,1450,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7">0.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFC0E908FF5AF4E8E4B7F836" pageId="7">
<table id="89ACCBE0FFC016F0FF5AF4E8E4B7F836" box="[159,1208,1533,2010]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="7">
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF4E8E4B7F9FF" box="[159,1208,1533,1555]" gridrow="0" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF4E8E103F9FF" box="[159,268,1533,1555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7">HW/SUL</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F4E8E19BF9FF" box="[372,404,1533,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7">0.3</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F4E8E2AFF9FF" box="[640,672,1533,1555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7">0.4</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F4E8E3A3F9FF" box="[908,940,1533,1555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7">0.3</th>
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF4E8E4B7F9FF" box="[1176,1208,1533,1555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7">0.2</th>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF733E4B7F9D0" box="[159,1208,1574,1596]" gridrow="1" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF733E103F9D0" box="[159,268,1574,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7">EE/SUL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F733E19BF9D0" box="[372,404,1574,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7">0.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F733E2AFF9D0" box="[640,672,1574,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F733E3A3F9D0" box="[908,940,1574,1596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7">0.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF733E4B7F9D0" box="[1176,1208,1574,1596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF745E4B7F98A" box="[159,1208,1616,1638]" gridrow="2" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF745E103F98A" box="[159,268,1616,1638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7">NN/EN</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F745E19BF98A" box="[372,404,1616,1638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7">1.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F745E2AFF98A" box="[640,672,1616,1638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7">1.0</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F745E3A3F98A" box="[908,940,1616,1638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7">1.2</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF745E4B7F98A" box="[1176,1208,1616,1638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF76CE4B7F963" box="[159,1208,1657,1679]" gridrow="3" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF76CE103F963" box="[159,268,1657,1679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7">EN/SL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F76CE19BF963" box="[372,404,1657,1679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7">0.5</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F76CE2AFF963" box="[640,672,1657,1679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7">0.6</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F76CE3A3F963" box="[908,940,1657,1679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7">0.5</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF76CE4B7F963" box="[1176,1208,1657,1679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF7B7E4B7F954" box="[159,1208,1698,1720]" gridrow="4" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF7B7E103F954" box="[159,268,1698,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7">EN/EE</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F7B7E19BF954" box="[372,404,1698,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7">0.7</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F7B7E2AFF954" box="[640,672,1698,1720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7">1.0</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F7B7E3A3F954" box="[908,940,1698,1720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7">0.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF7B7E4B7F954" box="[1176,1208,1698,1720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF7D9E4B7F90E" box="[159,1208,1740,1762]" gridrow="5" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF7D9E103F90E" box="[159,268,1740,1762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7">ED/HW</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F7D9E19BF90E" box="[372,404,1740,1762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7">0.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F7D9E2AFF90E" box="[640,672,1740,1762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7">0.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F7D9E3A3F90E" box="[908,940,1740,1762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7">0.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF7D9E4B7F90E" box="[1176,1208,1740,1762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF7E0E4B7F8E7" box="[159,1208,1781,1803]" gridrow="6" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF7E0E103F8E7" box="[159,268,1781,1803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7">ED/SUL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F7E0E19BF8E7" box="[372,404,1781,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F7E0E2AFF8E7" box="[640,672,1781,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F7E0E3A3F8E7" box="[908,940,1781,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7">0.1</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF7E0E4B7F8E7" box="[1176,1208,1781,1803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF60BE4B7F8D8" box="[159,1208,1822,1844]" gridrow="7" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF60BE103F8D8" box="[159,268,1822,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7">HAN/SUL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F60BE19BF8D8" box="[372,404,1822,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F60BE2AFF8D8" box="[640,672,1822,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F60BE3A3F8D8" box="[908,940,1822,1844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF60BE4B7F8D8" box="[1176,1208,1822,1844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7">0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF65DE4B7F8B2" box="[159,1208,1864,1886]" gridrow="8" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF65DE103F8B2" box="[159,268,1864,1886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7">HAN/HW</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F65DE19BF8B2" box="[372,404,1864,1886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7">0.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F65DE2AFF8B2" box="[640,672,1864,1886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7">0.9</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F65DE3A3F8B2" box="[908,940,1864,1886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7">0.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF65DE4B7F8B2" box="[1176,1208,1864,1886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF664E4B7F86B" box="[159,1208,1905,1927]" gridrow="9" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF664E103F86B" box="[159,268,1905,1927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7">TIB/SUL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F664E19BF86B" box="[372,404,1905,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7">0.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F664E2AFF86B" box="[640,672,1905,1927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7">0.3</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F664E3A3F86B" box="[908,940,1905,1927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7">0.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF664E4B7F86B" box="[1176,1208,1905,1927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7">0.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF68FE4B7F85C" box="[159,1208,1946,1968]" gridrow="10" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF68FE103F85C" box="[159,268,1946,1968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7">FOT/SUL</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F68FE19BF85C" box="[372,404,1946,1968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7">0.6</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F68FE2AFF85C" box="[640,672,1946,1968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7">0.4</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F68FE3A3F85C" box="[908,940,1946,1968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7">0.5</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF68FE4B7F85C" box="[1176,1208,1946,1968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="459C3B02FFC016F0FF5AF6D1E4B7F836" box="[159,1208,1988,2010]" gridrow="11" pageId="7">
<th id="064D527EFFC016F0FF5AF6D1E103F836" box="[159,268,1988,2010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7">TIB/FOT</th>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FEB1F6D1E19BF836" box="[372,404,1988,2010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7">0.7</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FD45F6D1E2AFF836" box="[640,672,1988,2010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7">0.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FC49F6D1E3A3F836" box="[908,940,1988,2010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7">0.8</td>
<td id="064D527EFFC016F0FB5DF6D1E4B7F836" box="[1176,1208,1988,2010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7">0.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFCFE907FF52F5F9E458FACC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226169/files/figure.png" pageId="8" targetBox="[185,1395,215,1236]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCFE907FF52F5F9E458FACC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1260,1312]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCFE907FF52F5F9E11CFAEE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1260,1282]" pageId="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCFE907FEDEF5F9E1E1FAEE" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[283,494,1260,1282]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCFE907FEDEF5F9E1E1FAEE" box="[283,494,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8">Cacosternum thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFCFE907FE30F5F9E248FAEE" box="[501,583,1260,1282]" pageId="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCFE907FE30F5F9E24FFAEE" bold="true" box="[501,576,1260,1282]" pageId="8">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCFE907FF02F452E183F9B1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1351,2025]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCFE907FF02F452E1A1FA8C" bold="true" box="[199,430,1351,1376]" pageId="8">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
Air temperature at time of recording around 12 °C. Males were calling both diurnally and nocturnally. Typical calls recorded at the 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFCFE907FDA0F478E29AFA69" box="[613,661,1389,1413]" pageId="8">type</typeStatus>
locality (n=4) consist of two different call 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFCFE907FBBDF478E4B9FA69" box="[1144,1206,1389,1413]" pageId="8">types</typeStatus>
, e.g. a shorter single or double ‘chirp’ followed by a longer ‘creak’ (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFCFE907FD74F49AE2F8FA44" box="[689,759,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[270,1310,205,1170]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[256,1331,193,1174]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. The advertisement call of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—initial single or double ‘ chirp’ and B—longer ‘ creak’)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226171/files/figure.png" pageId="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The ‘chirp’ call comprises a series of evenly spaced pulse notes (up to 10), each comprising 5–7 pulses, emitted at a rate of 170 (range 136–208) pulses per second; call duration of 35 (range 24–51) milliseconds; dominant frequency range between 4.0–4.6 kHz. This is followed by a longer ‘creak’ call which comprises of a series of pulse notes (up to 13), each comprising 12–29 (mean 21) pulses, emitted at a rate of 69 (55–88); call duration of 303 (213–410) milliseconds; and dominant frequency range between 4.4–4.6 kHz.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCFE907FF02F772E35DF8B4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1351,2025]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCFE907FF02F772E1BFF96C" bold="true" box="[199,432,1639,1664]" pageId="8">Eggs and tadpoles.</emphasis>
Single dissected female 
<typeStatus id="241787E2FFCFE907FD1DF77DE337F96C" box="[728,824,1640,1664]" pageId="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(PEM A10100) contained 
<specimenCount id="EDAAF2C9FFCFE907FBBEF77DE4D9F96C" box="[1147,1238,1640,1664]" pageId="8" type="egg">42 eggs</specimenCount>
with an average diameter of 1.0 mm. Eggs (n=52) laid overnight on 
<date id="8F121F80FFCFE907FCC5F798E3B9F948" box="[768,950,1676,1701]" pageId="8" value="2011-10-07">7 October 2011</date>
by two pairs in amplexus were raised to metamorphosis. Eggs were deposited individually batched together in clumps of up to 5–10 attached to floating vegetation in a tupperware container (dimensions 
<date id="8F121F80FFCFE907FD0CF7C1E311F900" box="[713,798,1748,1772]" pageId="8" value="1930-10-30">
30 x 
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFCFE907FCC7F7C1E311F900" box="[770,798,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" unit="cm" value="30.0">30</quantity>
</date>
cm). Eggs hatched after 2–4 days. Free swimming stage was reached after five days and was fed daily with either fish flakes or boiled lettuce leaves. Water was changed daily with dechlorinated water. Tadpoles reached metamorphosing stages on day 42. Development took 49 days. Maximum size 
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFCFE907FE80F655E1A6F8BB" box="[325,425,1856,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="8" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
TL and 
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFCFE907FDCDF655E251F8BB" box="[520,606,1856,1880]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="8" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
BL, Gosner stage 42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCFE905FF02F671E104F83E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1351,2025]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,1292,2002]" lastPageId="10" pageId="8">
The following description is based on a single tadpole from PEM T642 series at Gosner stage 35. All measurements in mm. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCFE907FE5BF69DE222F873" box="[414,557,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8">Lateral view</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFCFE907FD85F692E288F84C" box="[576,647,1927,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[309,1276,217,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1291,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. The tadpole of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. (PEM T 517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226172/files/figure.png" pageId="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A): Body round to ovoid; body little wider than high (BH/BW 0.9); snout oblique; mouth directed near ventral; nasals rounded, very small, positioned dorsally, situated midway between snout and eyes (SND/NOD 1.1); eyes moderately sized (ED 17% of BL), round in shape, positioned and directed laterally; spiracular tube sinistral, tubular, small, joined to body wall, positioned laterally and situated closer to vent than snout (SS 62% of BL), spiracle opening oval directed slightly upwards, at the height of the middle of the lower part of the caudal muscle; tail just over one and a half of body length (TAL/BL 1.6) and two thirds of total length (TAL/TTL 0.6), tail musculature narrow (TMH 41% of BH and 62% of MTH), tapering gradually to a slightly pointed tail tip; tail fins of moderate size, deepest midway down tail; upper fin extending onto body, slightly convex to the end of the tail; lower fin slightly convex to the end of tail. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FB5BF4D4E529FA35" box="[1182,1318,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10">Dorsal view</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFCDE905FAF0F4D4E575FA36" box="[1333,1402,1473,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[309,1276,217,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1291,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. The tadpole of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. (PEM T 517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226172/files/figure.png" pageId="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B): Body oval, little wider than high (BW/ BH 1.1), widest just in front of the spiracle opening; snout rounded; nasals moderately spaced; interorbital distance nearly equal to internarial distance (IOD/ 
<collectingCountry id="83BB79D0FFCDE905FBEEF71CE452F9CD" box="[1067,1117,1545,1569]" name="India" pageId="10">IND</collectingCountry>
1.1); tail muscle width 33% of body width (TMW/BW 0.3). 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FDC9F738E294F9A9" box="[524,667,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10">Ventral view</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFCDE905FD68F738E2FCF9AA" box="[685,755,1581,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[309,1276,217,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1291,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. The tadpole of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. (PEM T 517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226172/files/figure.png" pageId="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C): Eyes bulging and not visible in ventral view; vent tube supramarginal, dextral and short with an oval vent opening. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FC99F744E3C7F985" box="[860,968,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="10">Oral disc</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFCDE905FC19F744E42CF986" box="[988,1059,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[309,1276,217,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[295,1291,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. The tadpole of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. (PEM T 517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226172/files/figure.png" pageId="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D): Positioned and directed near ventral, moderately large (ODW 46% of BW); LTRF: 3(2-3)/3(1), third posterior row nearly equal in length of the first and second row; jaw sheaths moderately pigmented, capsulated and rounded; lateral process moderately short; single row of posterior marginal papillae, a single row of anterior marginal papillae only in corners, anterior gap free of papillae (up to 80% free); posterior corners with no submarginal papillae; lateral margins of oral disc slightly indented. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FEA2F610E1FFF8F1" box="[359,496,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10">Colouration</emphasis>
: Body moderately pigmented, brown with randomly scattered golden spots, eyes dark, iris with golden lining, dorsum dark, ventrum paler with scattered darker pigmentation, internal collided intestine barely discernable through skin, obscured by a silvery lining with golden reflection; tail musculature slightly more pigmented than fins; fins finely mottled and translucent. 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FC6BF667E45FF865" box="[942,1104,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="10">Measurements</emphasis>
: TTL 16.5; BL 6.6; TAL 9.9; BH 3.1; BW 3.4; TMW 1.1; MTH 2.2; TMH 1.4; IOD 1.3; 
<collectingCountry id="83BB79D0FFCDE905FCEAF683E36EF841" box="[815,865,1942,1965]" name="India" pageId="10">IND</collectingCountry>
1.2; NOD 1.0; SND 1.0; SOD 2.0; SS 3.8; ED 1.0; ODW 1.6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFCEE906FF52F6BEE493F82D" box="[151,1180,1963,1985]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" targetBox="[214,1373,193,1930]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCEE906FF52F6BEE493F82D" blockId="9.[151,1180,1963,1985]" box="[151,1180,1963,1985]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCEE906FF52F6BEE11DF82D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1963,1985]" pageId="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Paratype colour variation of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCEE906FDFEF6B9E302F82D" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[571,781,1963,1985]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCEE906FDFEF6B9E302F82D" box="[571,781,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="9">Cacosternum thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFCEE906FCD6F6BEE36CF82D" box="[787,867,1963,1985]" pageId="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCEE906FCD6F6BEE352F82D" bold="true" box="[787,861,1963,1985]" pageId="9">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Hogsback, South Africa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFCDE905FF52F5B9E1DAFB0C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226171/files/figure.png" pageId="10" targetBox="[270,1310,205,1170]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCDE905FF52F5B9E1DAFB0C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1196,1248]" pageId="10">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FF52F5B9E11DFB2E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1196,1218]" pageId="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCDE905FDE4F5B9E2FBFB2E" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[545,756,1196,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FDE4F5B9E2FBFB2E" box="[545,756,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="10">Cacosternum thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFCDE905FD3FF5B9E345FB2E" box="[762,842,1196,1218]" pageId="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCDE905FD3FF5B9E345FB2E" bold="true" box="[762,842,1196,1218]" pageId="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Hogsback, South Africa (A—initial single or double ‘chirp’ and B—longer ‘creak’).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AFD369C8FFCCE904FF52F5C0E307FAE6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226172/files/figure.png" pageId="11" targetBox="[309,1276,217,1215]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCCE904FF52F5C0E307FAE6" blockId="11.[151,1435,1237,1290]" pageId="11">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FF52F5C0E11BFB07" bold="true" box="[151,276,1237,1259]" pageId="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
The tadpole of 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FE79F5C3E29FFB07" authority="Conradie, 2014" authorityName="Conradie" authorityYear="2014" box="[444,656,1237,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thorini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FE79F5C3E29FFB07" box="[444,656,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="11">Cacosternum thorini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2EB5829FFCCE904FD5CF5C0E2E4FB07" box="[665,747,1237,1259]" pageId="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FD5CF5C0E2E4FB07" bold="true" box="[665,747,1237,1259]" pageId="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(PEM T517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFCCE904FF02F423E393FA32" pageId="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCCE904FF02F423E393FA32" blockId="11.[151,1436,1334,1935]" pageId="11">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FF02F423E184FAA3" bold="true" box="[199,395,1334,1359]" pageId="11">Natural history.</emphasis>
Specimens were collected diurnally by dip netting small montane wetland pools, with abundant vegetation, where calls were heard from. Pools varied in size, but never bigger than 
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFCCE904FB15F44FE518FA9E" box="[1232,1303,1370,1395]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
and deeper than 
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFCCE904FF0BF46BE119FA7A" box="[206,278,1406,1431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
. The species is highly territorial as each pool contained only a single calling male. 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FB71F46AE593FA7A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[1204,1436,1407,1430]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FB71F46AE593FA7A" box="[1204,1436,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="11">Cacosternum nanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found sympatrically, but preferred the bigger pools with more surface water and less vegetation. The only other frog species found in the same habitat was 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FD7CF4D3E39AFA32" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[697,917,1478,1502]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Strongylopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grayii">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FD7CF4D3E39AFA32" box="[697,917,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="11">Strongylopus grayii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFCCE904FF02F4FFE39CF95A" pageId="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCCE904FF02F4FFE39CF95A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1334,1935]" pageId="11">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FF02F4FFE16FF9EF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1514,1539]" pageId="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently the new species is only known from the montane grassland surrounding Hogsback, but is expected to be more widely distributed in the Amatola Mountain range and surrounding mountain ranges (
<figureCitation id="639725C5FFCCE904FAABF71BE0ABF9A7" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1429,1451]" captionTargetBox="[163,1417,516,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,507,1392]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the type locality of C. thorini sp. nov. (red circle), dotted line represents the Great Winterberg – Amatola Mountain range (and potential distribution of the new species), blue lines represent major rivers, colour represents altitudinal gradient. Insert: photo of type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226167/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). It is geographically well separated from 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FD4BF726E395F9A7" box="[654,922,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="11">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FD4BF726E30FF9A7" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1950" box="[654,768,1587,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leleupi">C. leleupi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FCC8F726E395F9A7" authorityName="Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre &amp; Moyer" authorityYear="2005" box="[781,922,1587,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plimptoni">C. plimptoni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FC10F726E497F9A7" authorityName="Channing &amp; Schmitz" authorityYear="2009" box="[981,1176,1587,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FC10F726E497F9A7" box="[981,1176,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="11">C. kinangopensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(more than 
<quantity id="3C5494A5FFCCE904FAE3F727E580F9A7" box="[1318,1423,1586,1611]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" unit="km" value="2500.0">2500 km</quantity>
); from Western Cape and Northern Cape endemics 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FD2AF742E125F97E" italics="true" pageId="11">
(
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FD3DF742E382F982" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[760,909,1623,1646]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aggestum">C. aggestum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FC5BF742E425F982" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[926,1066,1622,1646]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FBFEF742E4B0F982" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1925" box="[1083,1215,1623,1646]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capense">C. capense</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FB14F742E57DF982" authorityName="Boycott, de Villiers &amp; Scott" authorityYear="2002" box="[1233,1394,1622,1646]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karooicum">C. karooicum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FA47F742E129F97E" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquense">C. namaquense</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FEA5F76EE1CBF97F" authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1950" box="[352,452,1659,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platys">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FEA5F76EE1CBF97F" box="[352,452,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="11">C. platys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and from KwaZulu-Natal endemics (
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FCBCF76EE4D8F97F" box="[889,1239,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="11">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FCBCF76EE43CF97F" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[889,1075,1659,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanogularum">C. nanogularum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FBFBF76EE4DCF97F" authorityName="Channing, Schmitz, Burger &amp; Kielgast" authorityYear="2013" box="[1086,1235,1659,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhythmum">C. rhythmum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FAC8F76EE585F97E" authorityName="FitzSimons" authorityYear="1947" box="[1293,1418,1659,1682]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FAC8F76EE585F97E" box="[1293,1418,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="11">C. striatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); but overlaps with 
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FEA5F78AE26FF95A" box="[352,608,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="11">
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FEA5F78AE1E7F95A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[352,488,1694,1718]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">C. boettgeri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FE31F78AE26FF95A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[500,608,1695,1718]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanum">C. nanum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and potentially 
<taxonomicName id="3CAC42C3FFCCE904FCD3F78AE383F95A" authorityName="Poynton" authorityYear="1963" box="[790,908,1695,1718]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Cacosternum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FCD3F78AE383F95A" box="[790,908,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="11">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3B66ACBFFCCE904FF02F7D7E261F863" pageId="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FB133940FFCCE904FF02F7D7E261F863" blockId="11.[151,1436,1334,1935]" pageId="11">
<emphasis id="C9D8E552FFCCE904FF02F7D7E141F937" bold="true" box="[199,334,1730,1755]" pageId="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from Thorin II Oakenshield, a fictional character in the J.R.R. Tolkien novel ‘The Hobbit’. Thorin is the Prince of the Dwarves and eventually becomes the King Under the Mountain; he is also greatly admired for being a singer of note. Thorin also means ‘dwarf’ in Old Norse. It is widely known and accepted that Hogsback was the inspiration behind J.R.R. Tolkien’s novels the ‘The Hobbit’ and the ‘Lord of the Rings’ series. The name references its small size, its complicated call and the fact that it is found at the base of a large mountain in Hogsback.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>