283 lines
27 KiB
XML
283 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="D4CD2F9DD955435A3D2D767FAA8D4A38" ID-CLB-Dataset="32985" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e74d19-92e1-402e-9e53-287900da18cd" ID-PMC="PMC5523888" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-675-97" ID-PubMed="28769681" ID-ZooBank="6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-675-97" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 675" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)" checkinTime="1495538546563" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jochum, Adrienne, Weigand, Alexander M., Bochud, Estee, Inaebnit, Thomas, Doerge, Dorian D., Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Favre, Adrien, Martels, Gunhild & Kampschulte, Marian" docDate="2017" docId="36988778254B76C08561523F07FC6472" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 675: 97-127" docOrigin="ZooKeys 675" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453" docTitle="Carychium zarzaae Jochum & Weigand, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="004706DF-EBA1-4552-B0C6-1A2A966FC970" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="FFF0FFA2FFD2E54DFF98FFB8FFA8FFE8" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Carychium O. F. Mueller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1732777118916" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F4199E67F9D26BED1FF72F1317ADDC9F">Three new species of Carychium O. F. Mueller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BFF66AE100B2B7E3CDCF51AC11881C1B">Jochum, Adrienne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0A1E7F730545576E6D9ED78E7893E9F">Weigand, Alexander M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1FDD2D5003F1F34D4275182329D94BF">Bochud, Estee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11FB69D46E7E17D3BCFB413EDDEBAAFE">Inaebnit, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="990D41017A5FFAC8745447AD4BB90A0F">Doerge, Dorian D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="639723A8283421E09787E78B934B9C0D">Ruthensteiner, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C5F82DE8E193FE15DCC287A57CB36B1">Favre, Adrien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B805F10B69B5701A98D20127B823CA94">Martels, Gunhild</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D16F2A74BEF71B0466501E7AD7E7B75F">Kampschulte, Marian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B5C25A0C736A0E0620FEE7A673E35EE0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA3DCF9B3D3D3338AC279FC35F84422A">675</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CAA7375F3C5DEAD35518EF4FA81F0AEA">97</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="2072A1E8A1D512CE997196A4A3188B5C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="99542A51CE10F5B41930FB8DED26B812">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B75C73BDF16454F2DEA99D5658C0421" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="038E91376E302D45F862C32B60B81DB5" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-675-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6AB1EBAA7E75C57AFAE56A6B9717B602" type="ZooBank">6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="36988778254B76C08561523F07FC6472" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844549" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:004706DF-EBA1-4552-B0C6-1A2A966FC970" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36988778254B76C08561523F07FC6472" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" scope_family="Carychiidae" scope_superFamily="Ellobioidea" scope_superOrder="Eupulmonata">
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<subSubSection id="869712D89AF10BA74890ECCBD547B87E" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5CE1AE72572AC3192F1D8B28F2410699" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="68198F3556BCDAD71FBED01AAB135084" LSID="http://zoobank.org/004706DF-EBA1-4552-B0C6-1A2A966FC970" authority="Jochum & Weigand" family="Carychiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae Jochum & Weigand</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="532DBCA91B93C1A428921A0B7C00CC30" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 13, 14
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5F243BBE8FFED4161F5D7F9F967817C4" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4F6AEB74EC0652EF71D511B17D7070FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<bibRefCitation id="F2AA985B867EACD4FBD6C44B310B4083" author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, Fig. 1 49|C13; Seq. ID: BARCA145-12, BARCA146-12, BARCA147-12, BARCA148-12.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D6CD18748B0CFF0A132858AA7D70F1" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="84716D16A86ADB88F1E3EAA1D47A867A" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A26901195BD28D782DA4C2DB5A56258" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Holotype (NMBE 549926/1 ex AJC ex AJC 1902, slightly damaged): Panama,
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<normalizedToken id="23B88F403016FE08C28DBA77B84FAA66" originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
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Province, Boquete, path near Boquete;
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<geoCoordinate id="527E85BC65046EF628554622B770A45D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.824767">N8.824767</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4039FE5B497EA5921BF859B314C8DFF7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-82.495834">W-82.495833</geoCoordinate>
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, on moist stick; 12 June 2011; leg. Eugenia Zarza.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DCB4F71EFAB78590E796C26E286CD0E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph id="159E88C1E894B63FD8B1714E0118CC85" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName id="81D045DD7B897D1B95294649E20E28B0" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken id="F2BA2C504B48B86E029C73FDF56E5CFB" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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holotype (NMBE 549926/1)
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<normalizedToken id="67D7BFBC786A29B939100FF7B7DB520E" originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
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paratype shell (NMBE 549927/1). Scale bar 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DE30749E7351E5072C90ACC52D4F9F03" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph id="0BBE0825C765462BBA14998F92A247E9" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 14.
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<taxonomicName id="82CA29BE93D4B085D08533E1A2632362" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken id="A661B6D0C6936BB3514B8E407063554E" originalValue="A–DCT">A-DCT</normalizedToken>
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scans showing columellar apparatus of paratype (NMBE 549927/1)
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<normalizedToken id="ED3CB125E88B3381E1F6EDE959654337" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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prominent parietal denticle. Scale bar 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1F0AEC8FF8D4B836C47392EEC124A32C" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Paratypes: locus typicus: 1 shell (NMBE 549927/1 ex AJC 1902) slightly damaged (CT-scanned) and 1 shell formerly in formol (SMF 341640 ex AJC 1903); 1 shell formerly in formol (CM 155816 ex AJC 1903); data as the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66EB1C27F68CCE72B2B2B7EB3DD2265B" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="370B9946FC5F6183825B32734C92FF4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<pageBreakToken id="97B7C924D1E6869E2FBD4660E9E7B81C" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DECCA75EA31CCD6AAAE8FEF91761CD2C" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Shell c. 1.72 mm in height, opaque, elongate-pupiform with an entire, elliptically shaped and thickened peristome, with a palatal callus, columellar-basal callus and a moderately sized, parietal denticle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3D589A5436971D29050EFFC39471F6A" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4B5F76599840EAFC7D2382068854C438" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92A28F011430686978756B5CA072E401" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Measurements are provided in Table 2. Shell minute, elongate-pupiform, opaque, very thin, with about 4.25 convex whorls and a deeply incised suture; with irregular striations or blunt growth lines on the body whorl. Protoconch bulbous. Teleoconch is smooth with glossy sheen. Peristome elliptical and thickly doubled by callus below the palatal bulge (not denticle), only slightly higher than wide, taking up more than one third of the shell height, moderately reflected and curved back at the base (Fig. 13C,
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<normalizedToken id="C1729B936DD39630430DF47D9184AD10" originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
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). Columellar margin has a parietal-columellar callus. Parietal denticle deeply set and moderately thick, slightly downward projecting and prominently visible from the umbilical perspective (Fig. 14 F). Internally,
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<taxonomicName id="445E4FAC6B860E312A1C362275769860" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has a very thin sinuous lamella starting at the upper third of the penultimate whorl and forming a moderate tongue-like configuration in the body whorl in dorsal perspective (Fig. 14C). Under the sinuous lamella, the elongated columellar spindle twists smoothly, forming the columellar basal callus at its proximal end (Fig. 14
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<normalizedToken id="1E079BFB913348678DBC7E9F784FB88D" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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). In dorsal and side-ventral perspectives (Fig. 14
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<normalizedToken id="8210CEFD05CB6A377EF57B0CD5F86C19" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), the columellar lamella forms an oblique, elongated S form with its thickest part forming the rim of the distal portion and projecting moderately from the columella (Fig. 14D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2D5C87F79A702CC0C5930B4FCF64A76B" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F99863AF47A19975A70068FEB80AE745" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="731CFFF64979168B44CB04C110FEC3A9" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="D191BAB2728222CD9D420DCB3040C173" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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by its very thin shell, rounder whorls and general reduction of marked striation on the teleoconch. In side view aperture-left profile, the body whorl of
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<taxonomicName id="6FF16780307255580C7D9EF6F0254242" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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projects c. 1/8 beyond the rim of the peristome. The shell of
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<taxonomicName id="4A6BA4B0D7F9ED12848C4652B1888BBC" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is smaller and thinner than
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<taxonomicName id="68531CACB25808E58DFE774D6704701C" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
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and larger and thinner than
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<taxonomicName id="677874B8A1C52A01891F24D1668A0237" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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. The parietal denticle and the parieto-columellar callus on the peristome of
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<taxonomicName id="EED067E90CB9D46B2097CD8FACF926C1" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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are not prominent as in
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<taxonomicName id="95DB216664289F0FA121EC1EB5168193" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 11A, E, I) but larger than in
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<taxonomicName id="5398A0ED87922E55A973F5D284EB99FD" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 4A, I, 5A, E) and most similar to those in
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<taxonomicName id="C829349C8A04D442E5475356D4875113" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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(Puebla) (Fig. 8
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<normalizedToken id="F610188D6BAA301775D2F10C970ED8BB" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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). The increasing sinuosity of the lamella as it continues into the body whorl in the uppermost part of the penultimate whorl (in the dorsal perspective) of
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<taxonomicName id="F41652FC9AF8D111C67DFE1671270504" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="3039605116136F5D6F73AD5C3FBCFC75" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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and not to
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<taxonomicName id="79472A2EFCD376C04172BE4581DAF4DB" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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nor to
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<taxonomicName id="620024505D16B004C2474164400AEEDC" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="619A887154E9F9FF06B3B3352534D2A6" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
). However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F0BB1B5678F75D3CBFCD93EFC8293B7" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the thickness of the lamella and the degree of horizontal lamellar extension is reduced in comparison to this structure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F64050239148CE339B954771137CEAD" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
(aperture right and left views Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA35139D0442A9A7DC2B9FA5A5E3296C" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
); differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6481632399D8BEB784C42ED65C66756C" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the fatter shell and the reduced parieto-columellar callus seen in some shells from the Puebla
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D10D3343589F1D204AB63F91E6A1A81" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
population (Fig. 8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5483A3784E3948EBDEA38E92A82F90D2" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
), by the uneven thickness of callus on the peristome at the palatal mid-section and where it curves back at the basal palatal margin; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="055A86AE0F4ABA7AC58B3EE12C0D64CD" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the greatly reduced robustness of the shell and the imbalanced distribution of callus on the peristome. The elongated S-shaped lamella in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="904E84D9349D9EFB27821131D8268700" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C2D647CF2298A6EBA3FFD3937B2B214" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15DC1ED60D60290407BA3DCAA33D9DCE" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is homogeneously compact in contrast to the elegantly slender, tapered form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DD346E0C61928D4411096C198BC8246" lsidName="C. jardineanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="jardineanum">C. jardineanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also bears nearly six whorls compared to the 4.25 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BF2FC4A2F99A30007DD96060C61D6D" lsidName="Z. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Z. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DDB6CDA84BD2EA7C9386A76B1A329F9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
DNA barcode data can clearly delineate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="324421932DC992AE1D47CF8316DF7CED" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from all other North and Central American taxa, demonstrating its lowest K2P genetic distance of 4.1 % to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6488F55DD5CE55A0A923E2B95A0701D5" lsidName="C. jardineanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="jardineanum">C. jardineanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4DA86A6918DD53E86E2F595BB679F82" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="227B844C27B1EF0F308C550236CF45D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF1278FEA808D4FF2F3409B403B5DFEC" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The new species is named after our Mexican colleague and previous coauthor, Eugenia Zarza, who collected the Panamanian material in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC85B983009905942659B8FF078138" author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and subsequently, the Mexican material here. Without her perseverance in the field, we could not have molecularly corroborated
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B5F9FC7FDA95846541D49C5C66D3AB9" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="521 - 1113" title="Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Volume 2, Part 2" volume="3" year="1948">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="20AEBC0045BF5154DBD050440A89AB4D" originalValue="Pilsbry’s">Pilsbry's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1948)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
morphological investigations, nor had enough comparative material to adequately assess
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17C91D96862AA098BFC8246DEC6B8DFB" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Her field work has opened a new window to Mexican and Central American carychiid diversity and extended the distribution of this genus to its southern-most point in the Western Hemisphere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B983BDFA8933779C9F26AB003E509546" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1BF1E5AA1E07F80816D3B265346831" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="49AEAB3B36DC6C92D8C6E005ACB65A0D" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Only known from the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B6BC2D240D05E05FC5270833B1878F09" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E43C96DCE510955B42204B76B2628E4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7EC8F3AFAEE6AF1C682EBE5BB045CE0A" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Tropical rainforest.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FAF77FD288065C9903CC467154B29F32" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="360D232FB423220DCC9CE45E26F4A9C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1E36303414BA3FAFC57ED59D9626AD2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A51A4B714090845CBE80D506B7B06511" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from Boquete. Consequently, and in conjunction with the Guidelines for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and petitions Subcommittee 2014), it is a Critically Endangered narrow range endemic (CR B1) and as such, warrants immediate conservation priority.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="146E0240AB524E91747F4F1F77BDC609" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="408B0BF70A1C92C37B7399A336C7FF0A" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C19968EE6E04A24B229A008A1E57043" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The very thin shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B40B7BE359181F61161EF864FFCED44" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
contrasts remarkably with the pre-sequence images of the seemingly robust shell of the second Panamanian lineage C12 (Fig. 14), which resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A32D8597E4589A036C89C31115B1B6C" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
in peristome formation and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47209F64412A2807F235B48624E72168" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
in superficial teleoconch striation. Although somewhat hazy in these images, C12 shows a prominently thickened parieto-columellar callus and a thick parietal denticle in congruence with that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22B4564E76A1C38B91FB0D6A7B77A121" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF9AA8206B8B47898C5CC6150DC76F41" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from this joint Panamanian species. The columellar lamella of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E5B9438D3F1D4E8ABC7E0A64FF0B102" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is incredibly thin, almost like ripped gauze at the line of flexure where it projects away from the columella. In our experience,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60D5CB561BA7BD36F33BC9803B4490F6" lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the thinnest shell so far encountered within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D86081DA77C0833FEDD03866D193A5DB" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Carychium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DE806A4521A0269C43D5D307620F28AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<paragraph id="A19002597BEFDC315C5A165E3CCD6673" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Figure 15. Evolutionary Lineage (EL) C12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D4A7D272FD7408219ECC0580C2D4A12" author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B1D39DB9D5825C626E15B742193E71C" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
Panamanian snails before sequence procedures. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |