335 lines
41 KiB
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335 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AE4570CB252B92E625861CFA5ED94393">A review of the families and genera of the superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), together with keys to the families, genera and species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4A641514183EFFF4FF5EFE2AFA01FD92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6069365" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124691939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6069365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A641514183EFFF4FF5EFE2AFA01FD92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A641514183EFFF4FF5EFE2AFA01FD92" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF5EFE2AFD83FE02" blockId="116.[151,522,470,530]" box="[151,522,470,496]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF5EFE2AFD83FE02" bold="true" box="[151,522,470,496]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FF27FE2AFD83FE02" ID-CoL="7PQ3C" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[238,522,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF27FE2AFEFBFE02" bold="true" box="[238,370,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Parascelus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FEB0FE2AFD83FE02" author="Claus" box="[377,522,470,496]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF5EFE05FEAEFDE0" blockId="116.[151,522,470,530]" box="[151,295,505,530]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5AF6B887183EFFF7FF56FE05FE96FDE0" box="[159,287,505,530]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 58" captionStart-1="FIGURE 59" captionStartId-0="117.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionStartId-1="118.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[265,1332,205,1905]" captionTargetBox-1="[247,1301,198,1901]" captionTargetId-0="figure@117.[225,1359,193,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@118.[207,1345,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId-0="117" captionTargetPageId-1="118" captionText-0="FIGURE 58. Parascelus edwardsii Claus, 1879, male (4.2 mm), Coral Sea, SAMA C 3708 (A); female (5.2 mm) and male (4.7 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C 5417 & C 5414. A, habitus of male, C 3708. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (A 1 & 2), 0.05 mm (mouthparts)." captionText-1="FIGURE 59. Parascelus edwardsii Claus, 1879, male (4.2 mm), Coral Sea, SAMA C 3708; male (4.7 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C 5414 (Mxp). Scale bars = 0.1 mm (Mxp), 0.2 mm (remainder)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/166477/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/166478/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Figs 58–59</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AD7F789183EFFF7FF5EFDBDFAA4FD66" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF5EFDBDFAA4FD66" blockId="116.[151,1436,577,661]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E2DD832C183EFFF7FF5EFDBDFAA4FD66" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FF5EFDBDFE31FDA5" ID-CoL="7PQ3C" authority="Claus, 1879: 17" authorityName="Claus" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,440,577,599]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF5EFDBDFE81FDA5" box="[151,264,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Parascelus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FED8FDBDFE31FDA5" author="Claus" box="[273,440,577,599]" page="17" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FED8FDBDFE18FDA5" author="Claus" box="[273,401,577,599]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 17
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(key), 18.—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FDF4FDBDFD67FDA5" author="Carus" box="[573,750,577,599]" page="425" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FDF4FDBDFD32FDA5" author="Carus" box="[573,699,577,599]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Carus, J. V. (1885) Prodromus Faunae Mediterraneae sive Descriptio Animalium Maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adjectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus in commodum Zoologorum congessit Julius Victor Carus. Vol. I. Pars II. Arthropoda. Stuttgart, 1885." type="book chapter" year="1885">Carus 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 425
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FCC2FDBDFC72FDA5" author="Gerstaecker" box="[779,1019,577,599]" page="483" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FCC2FDBDFC4EFDA5" author="Gerstaecker" box="[779,967,577,599]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1886) Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bilt. 5 (2). Gliederfussler; Arthropoda. Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1886, pp. 417 - 512." type="journal article" year="1886">Gerstaecker 1886</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 483
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–484.—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FB84FDBDFB64FDA5" author="Claus" box="[1101,1261,577,599]" page="43" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FB84FDBDFB4FFDA5" author="Claus" box="[1101,1222,577,599]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">Claus 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 43
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(key), 45–46.—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FF0EFD9CFE14FD84" author="Stebbing" box="[199,413,608,630]" page="1496" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1888">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FF0EFD9CFED6FD84" author="Stebbing" box="[199,351,608,630]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv & 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 1496
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FE72FD9CFDFBFD84" author="Spandl" box="[443,626,608,630]" page="42" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FE72FD9CFDC4FD84" author="Spandl" box="[443,589,608,630]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Spandl, H. (1924 a) Expeditionen S. M. Schiff ' Pola' in das Rote Meer. Nordliche und Sudliche Halfte, 1895 / 96 - 1897 / 98. Zoologische Ergebnisse 35. Die Amphipoden des Roten Meeres. Denckschriften Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 99, 19 - 73." type="journal article" year="1924" yearSuffix="a">Spandl 1924a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 42
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FD46FD9CFC30FD84" author="Chevreux" box="[655,953,608,630]" page="423" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FD46FD9CFC01FD84" author="Chevreux" box="[655,904,608,630]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Chevreux, E. & Fage, L. (1925) Amphipodes. Faune de France, 9, 488 pp., 438 text Figs" type="book" year="1925">Chevreux & Fage 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 423
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FC11FD9CFB19FD84" author="Spandl" box="[984,1168,608,630]" page="251" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FC11FD9CFBD7FD84" author="Spandl" box="[984,1118,608,630]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Spandl, H. (1927) Die Hyperiiden (exkl. Hyperiidea Gammaroidea und Phronimidae) der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Band 19, Zoologie, 11, 145 - 287, plate 10." type="journal article" year="1927">Spandl 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 251
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key), 262.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FAD6FD9CFF62FD66" author="Pirlot" page="155" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1929">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FAD6FD9CFA11FD84" author="Pirlot" box="[1311,1432,608,630]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Pirlot, J. M. (1929) Resultats zoologiques de la croisiere atlantique de'l'Armauer Hansen' (Mai-Juin 1922). 1. Les Amphipodes Hyperides. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, serie 3, 15 (2), 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">Pirlot 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 155
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FEC0FD82FE35FD66" author="Hurley" box="[265,444,638,660]" page="183" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FEC0FD82FE06FD66" author="Hurley" box="[265,399,638,660]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Hurley, D. E. (1955) Pelagic amphipods of the sub-order Hyperiidea in New Zealand waters. I. Systematics. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 83 (1), 119 - 194." type="journal article" year="1955">Hurley 1955</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 183
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FE13FD82FD72FD66" author="Vinogradov" box="[474,763,638,661]" page="464" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FE13FD82FD45FD66" author="Vinogradov" box="[474,716,638,661]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book" year="1982">
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||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FD95FD7CFD00FD66" box="[604,649,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
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. 1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 464
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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(key), 470–471.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213183EFFF7FC70FD82FB25FD66" author="Vinogradov" box="[953,1196,638,660]" page="1199" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" year="1999">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FC70FD82FBF9FD66" author="Vinogradov" box="[953,1136,638,660]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Vinogradov, G. M. (1999) Amphipoda, pp. 1141 - 1240. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol. 2. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1705 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Vinogradov 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1199
|
||
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|
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(key), 1200.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AD7F789183EFFF7FF5EFD3DFCA9FCD0" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF5EFD3DFCA9FCD0" blockId="116.[151,1437,705,2026]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
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<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF5EFD3DFEB8FD28" bold="true" box="[151,305,705,730]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Type species.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FEF1FD3DFD3AFD28" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[312,691,705,730]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
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<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FEF1FD3DFDA1FD28" box="[312,552,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Parascelus edwardsii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FDE7FD3DFD3AFD28" author="Claus" box="[558,691,705,730]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
by page priority. Type material could not be located at the MFN or ZMH and is considered lost. However, the descriptions and figures of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FC71FD19FBCDFD0C" author="Claus" box="[952,1092,741,766]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FB98FD1AFB03FD0C" author="Claus" box="[1105,1162,742,766]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
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||
) readily distinguish this genus. No specific type locality is given, just the Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789183EFFF7FF0EFCD1FC55FA00" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF0EFCD1FF70FA3C" blockId="116.[151,1437,705,2026]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF0EFCD1FEC8FCB4" bold="true" box="[199,321,813,838]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Head round. Eyes occupying most of head surface; grouped in one field on each side of head. Antennae 1 of males with 2-articulate peduncle; flagellum with large, crescent-shaped callynophore, with aesthetascs arranged in two-field brush medially, with three smaller articles inserted on antero-dorsal corner. Antennae 1 of females with 3-articulate peduncle; callynophore narrowly rectangular, with two smaller articles inserted terminally. Antennae 2 of males 5-articulate; strongly zig-zagged, with all articles folded back on each other; extending anteriorly under head and posteriorly between the gnathopoda and pereopoda to pereonite 5; basal article distinctly inflated, about half or less the length of following article; articles 2 & 3 sub-equal in length; article 4 slightly longer than half of article 3; terminal article length about two-thirds article 4, pointing anteriorly. Antennae 2 of females 5-articulate, with very small terminal article. Mandibular incisor styliform, with reduced number of teeth; in male orientated more or less parallel to palp. Maxillae 1 consisting of styliform lobes, with few robust setae distally on medial margin. Maxillae 2 consisting of slightly curved, styliform lobes, with small, rounded medial bulge. Maxilliped with inner lobes completely fused; medial margin of outer lobes with membranous fringe. Gnathopods 1 & 2 simple. Pereopods 3 & 4 distinctly shorter than pereopods 5 & 6. Pereopod 5; basis very broad, oval-shaped, maximum width almost 0.6 x length; articles 3–7 inserted sub-terminally on basis. Pereopod 6; basis very broad, distinctly narrowed for distal half, length about twice maximum proximal width, without fissure; articles 3–7 inserted sub-terminally on basis; merus with antero-distal corner slightly extended, overlapping carpus medially. Pereopod 7 reduced in size with large basis; all articles present; dactylus normal. Uropoda all with articulated exopoda and endopoda; all more-or-less lanceolate, usually with serrated margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF0EFA25FC55FA00" blockId="116.[151,1437,705,2026]" box="[199,988,1497,1522]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF0EFA25FEACFA00" bold="true" box="[199,293,1497,1522]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FEE5FA25FD23FA00" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[300,682,1497,1522]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FEE5FA25FD95FA00" box="[300,540,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Parascelus edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FDEDFA25FD23FA00" author="Claus" box="[548,682,1497,1522]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FD29FA26FCCAFA03" box="[736,835,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. pa r v u s</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FC86FA25FC51FA00" author="Claus" box="[847,984,1497,1522]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789183EFFF7FF0EFA01FACDF91C" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF0EFA01FACDF91C" blockId="116.[151,1437,705,2026]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF0EFA01FE3EF9E4" bold="true" box="[199,439,1533,1558]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus exhibits considerable
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FCF8FA01FCFDF9E4" box="[817,884,1533,1558]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual dimorphism, which may have contributed to some taxonomic confusion in the past. In males gnathopod 1 is slightly shorter than gnathopod 2; the basis of gnathopod 1 is slightly shorter than the following articles combined; the basis of pereopod 6 is more narrowed distally; the basis of pereopod 7 is crescent shaped, and the exopod of uropods 2 & 3 is slightly shorter than half of the length of the endopod. In females gnathopod 1 is relatively shorter than in males, and the basis is slightly longer than the following articles combined; gnathopod 2 is more slender than in males; the basis of pereopod 7 is very long and narrow, and the exopod of uropods 2 & 3 is slightly longer than half of the length of the endopod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789183EFFF4FF0EF905FA01FD92" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183EFFF7FF0EF905FB41F818" blockId="116.[151,1437,705,2026]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FF0EF905FEB2F8E0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1785,1810]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FD42F905FD7DF8E0" box="[651,756,1785,1810]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FD42F905FD7DF8E0" box="[651,756,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the past has been synonymised with it (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FAFEF906FEDDF8C4" author="Bowman" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Bowman, T. E. & Gruner, H. - E. (1973) The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. 146, 1 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.146" type="book chapter" year="1973">Bowman & Gruner 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183EFFF7FD7DF8E1FC56F8C4" box="[692,991,1821,1846]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FC8CF8E2FCF4F8C4" box="[837,893,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1982)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FC3BF8E1FBE7F8C4" box="[1010,1134,1821,1846]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FC3BF8E1FBE7F8C4" box="[1010,1134,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Parascelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FB7BF8E1FA92F8C4" box="[1202,1307,1821,1846]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FB7BF8E1FA92F8C4" box="[1202,1307,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be recognised as separate genera as a number of characters readily distinguish them.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FBEDF8BDFB28F8A8" box="[1060,1185,1857,1882]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FBEDF8BDFB28F8A8" box="[1060,1185,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Parascelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FAFAF8BDFA15F8A8" box="[1331,1436,1857,1882]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FAFAF8BDFA15F8A8" box="[1331,1436,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly in that the basis of pereopod 6 lacks a fissure. Other differences are as follows. The eye facets are arranged in single (not double) fields on either side of the head; antennae 1 of males have a two-articulate peduncle (onearticulate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FEEBF851FE02F834" box="[290,395,1965,1990]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FEEBF851FE02F834" box="[290,395,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the first maxillae are armed with about six teeth distally, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183EFFF7FB5EF851FA89F834" box="[1175,1280,1965,1990]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183EFFF7FB5EF851FA89F834" box="[1175,1280,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are four groups of stout setae, and the maxilliped is more slender, with the inner lobes completely fused.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="96B2F48A183FFFF6FF5EF85FFEA8F804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166477/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[265,1332,205,1905]" targetPageId="117">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183FFFF6FF5EF85FFEA8F804" blockId="117.[151,1436,1955,2038]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183FFFF6FF5EF85FFE96F84A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1955,1977]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 58.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183FFFF6FEECF85FFD09F84B" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[293,640,1955,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183FFFF6FEECF85FFE76F84B" box="[293,511,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Parascelus edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
Claus, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (4.2 mm), Coral Sea, SAMA C3708 (A); female (5.2 mm) and male (4.7 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C5417 & C5414.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183FFFF6FDA9F83DFDFBF824" bold="true" box="[608,626,1985,2006]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">A</emphasis>
|
||
, habitus of male, C3708. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (A1 & 2), 0.05 mm (mouthparts).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="96B2F48A183CFFF5FF5EF847FCFAF81D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166478/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" targetBox="[247,1301,198,1901]" targetPageId="118">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183CFFF5FF5EF847FCFAF81D" blockId="118.[151,1435,1979,2031]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183CFFF5FF5EF847FEAAF822" bold="true" box="[151,291,1979,2001]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 59.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183CFFF5FEE5F847FD1AF823" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[300,659,1979,2001]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183CFFF5FEE5F847FD83F823" box="[300,522,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Parascelus edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
Claus, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (4.2 mm), Coral Sea, SAMA C3708; male (4.7 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C5414 (Mxp). Scale bars = 0.1 mm (Mxp), 0.2 mm (remainder).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183DFFF4FF0EFF64FADCFEB2" blockId="119.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Very little is known about the biology of this genus, and it is difficult to extract information from the literature, because of the taxonomic difficulties in determining species, and its confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FBB0FF40FB6BFF27" box="[1145,1250,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FBB0FF40FB6BFF27" box="[1145,1250,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems to be preferentially associated with siphonophores.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FD63FF23FC16FF0A" box="[682,927,223,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FD63FF23FC16FF0A" box="[682,927,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Parascelus edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from the siphonophores
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FF5EFEF8FEF2FEEF" box="[151,379,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhizophysidae" genus="Bathyphysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FF5EFEF8FEF2FEEF" box="[151,379,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Bathyphysa sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FE47FEF8FD2EFEEF" author="Biggs" box="[398,679,260,285]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Biggs, D. C. & Harbison, G. R. (1976) The siphonophore Bathyphysa sibogae Lens and Van Riemsdijk, 1908, in the Sargasso Sea, with notes on its natural history. Bulletin of Marine Science, 26 (1), 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1976">Biggs & Harbison 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Harbison
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FCEEFEF9FCD5FEEF" box="[807,860,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1977),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FC08FEF8FBD6FEEF" box="[961,1119,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Agalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="okeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FC08FEF8FBD6FEEF" box="[961,1119,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Agalma okeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FBB8FEF8FA94FEEF" box="[1137,1309,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Diphyidae" genus="Diphyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dispar">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FBB8FEF8FA94FEEF" box="[1137,1309,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Diphyes dispar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FAE6FEF8FE77FEB2" authority="Harbison et al. 1977" authorityName="Harbison et al." authorityYear="1977" class="Hydrozoa" family="Forskaliidae" genus="Forskalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tholoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FAE6FEF8FF77FEB2" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Forskalia tholoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Harbison
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FEB2FED5FE22FEB2" box="[379,427,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1977)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FDC3FED5FCAAFEB2" authority="Laval 1980" authorityName="Laval" authorityYear="1980" box="[522,803,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Forskaliidae" genus="Forskalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="edwardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FDC3FED5FD03FEB2" box="[522,650,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">F. edwardsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FD53FEDBFC92FEB2" author="Laval" box="[666,795,295,320]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Laval, P. (1980) Hyperiid amphipods as crustacean parasitoids associated with gelatinous plankton. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 18, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="1980">Laval 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FC93FEDBFAD8FEB2" authority="Gasca & Haddock 2004" authorityName="Gasca & Haddock" authorityYear="2004" box="[858,1361,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Athorybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rosacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FC93FEDBFBA0FEB2" box="[858,1065,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Athorybia rosacea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FBFEFED4FAC3FEB2" author="Gasca" box="[1079,1354,295,320]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Gasca, R. & Haddock, S. H. D. (2004) Associations between gelatinous zooplankton and hyperiid amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Gulf of California. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 529 - 535. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 004 - 2657 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">Gasca & Haddock 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183DFFF4FF0EFEB0FB15FE7A" blockId="119.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FF0EFEB0FECAFE97" box="[199,323,332,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FF0EFEB0FECAFE97" box="[199,323,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Parascelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively uncommon, but is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate waters. From the available data it seems to be epipelagic in habit with a preference for the upper
|
||
<quantity id="053509E7183DFFF4FBD9FE8CFBDEFE75" box="[1040,1111,368,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
layer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183DFFF4FF0EFE68FA01FD92" blockId="119.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Harbison
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FEFFFE69FEE0FE5F" box="[310,361,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1977) provisionally recognise three species (all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FC0DFE68FBA4FE5F" box="[964,1069,404,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Thyropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FC0DFE68FBA4FE5F" box="[964,1069,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Thyropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) one of which,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FB2AFE69FF5BFE22" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Paratyphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FB2AFE69FAC5FE5E" box="[1251,1356,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FA9CFE68FF5BFE22" author="Claus" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FF29FE4BFD89FE22" box="[224,512,439,464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FEA6FE45FE2DFE22" box="[367,420,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1982)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regard a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FCCEFE45FC19FE22" box="[775,912,439,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="edw" subSpecies="ardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FCCEFE45FC19FE22" box="[775,912,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. edw ardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FBD5FE45FB0EFE22" box="[1052,1159,441,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Paratyphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FBD5FE45FB0EFE22" box="[1052,1159,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FA95FE4BFF6AFE06" author="Claus" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">Claus (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has both gnathopoda with serrations on the postero-distal corner of the carpus, a feature not found in any other described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FE08FE03FDB4FDEA" box="[449,573,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FE08FE03FDB4FDEA" box="[449,573,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Parascelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species may therefore be valid. The other two species (also recognised by Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FE8CFDD9FEFFFDCF" box="[325,374,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.) have recently been shown to represent the male and female of the same species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183DFFF4FADAFDD9FEB5FD92" authority="Zeidler 1998" authorityName="Zeidler" authorityYear="1998" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" genus="Parascelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FADAFDD9FA12FDCF" box="[1299,1435,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3183DFFF4FF57FDBBFEBDFD92" author="Zeidler" box="[158,308,583,608]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Zeidler, W. (1998) Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) collected from eastern and south-eastern Australian waters by the C. S. I. R. O. research vessel ' Warreen' during the years 1938 - 41. Records of the South Australian Museum. Monograph Series, No. 4, 1 - 143." type="book chapter" year="1998">Zeidler 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, this genus is currently restricted to two species, with the status of
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183DFFF4FBA4FDB5FB58FD92" box="[1133,1233,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. pa r v u s</emphasis>
|
||
being doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |