318 lines
39 KiB
XML
318 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5DEB686668F8557CC1CC90B5286DAB8B">A review of the families and genera of the superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), together with keys to the families, genera and species</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="36E872BE03FB65A75C2ECEF4A3997C91">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4A6415141825FFF1FF5EFB9DFD46FAC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6069359" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124691951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6069359" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A6415141825FFF1FF5EFB9DFD46FAC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A6415141825FFF1FF5EFB9DFD46FAC2" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<paragraph id="C272A4021825FFECFF5EFB9DFD83FB89" blockId="111.[151,522,1121,1181]" box="[151,522,1121,1147]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFF5EFB9DFD83FB89" bold="true" box="[151,522,1121,1147]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811825FFECFF27FB9DFD83FB89" ID-CoL="7Q45F" authority="Claus 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[238,522,1121,1147]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFF27FB9DFEF0FB89" bold="true" box="[238,377,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFE49FB9DFD83FB89" author="Claus" box="[384,522,1121,1147]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C272A4021825FFECFF5EFB78FEAEFB6F" blockId="111.[151,522,1121,1181]" box="[151,295,1156,1181]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5AF6B8871825FFECFF56FB78FE96FB6F" box="[159,287,1156,1181]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 56" captionStart-1="FIGURE 57" captionStartId-0="112.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionStartId-1="113.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[224,1339,220,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[239,1314,200,1913]" captionTargetId-0="figure@112.[204,1359,193,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@113.[194,1346,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId-0="112" captionTargetPageId-1="113" captionText-0="FIGURE 56. Tetrathyrus forcipatus Claus, 1879, female (3.6 mm) and male (4.6 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C 5043 & C 5402. A, habitus of female. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A), 0.2 mm (A 2 - m), 0.1 mm (remainder)." captionText-1="FIGURE 57. Tetrathyrus forcipatus Claus, 1879, male (4.6 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C 5402. Scale bars = 0.05 mm (Mxp), 0.2 mm (remainder)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/166475/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/166476/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs 56–57</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891825FFECFF5EFB30FBFBFACC" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C272A4021825FFECFF5EFB30FBFBFACC" blockId="111.[151,1436,1228,1342]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E2DD832C1825FFECFF5EFB30FBFBFACC" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811825FFECFF5EFB30FE2BFB10" ID-CoL="7Q45F" authority="Claus, 1879: 4" authorityName="Claus" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,418,1228,1250]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFF5EFB30FE82FB10" box="[151,267,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFED9FB30FE2BFB10" author="Claus" box="[272,418,1228,1250]" page="4" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFED9FB30FE05FB10" author="Claus" box="[272,396,1228,1250]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 4
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(key), 14.—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFDE9FB30FD4FFB10" author="Claus" box="[544,710,1228,1250]" page="588" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1880">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFDE9FB30FD11FB10" author="Claus" box="[544,664,1228,1250]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1880) Grundzuge der Zoologie. 4 th ed. Marburg." type="book" year="1880">Claus 1880</bibRefCitation>
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: 588
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFD2AFB30FC45FB10" author="Gerstaecker" box="[739,972,1228,1250]" page="483" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFD2AFB30FC12FB10" author="Gerstaecker" box="[739,923,1228,1250]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1886) Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bilt. 5 (2). Gliederfussler; Arthropoda. Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1886, pp. 417 - 512." type="journal article" year="1886">Gerstaecker 1886</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 483
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFC23FB30FB0BFB10" author="Claus" box="[1002,1154,1228,1250]" page="31" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFC23FB30FBE9FB10" author="Claus" box="[1002,1120,1228,1250]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">Claus 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 31
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key), 40.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFAC8FB30FF70FAF2" author="Stebbing" page="1480" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1888">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFAC8FB30FA11FB10" author="Stebbing" box="[1281,1432,1228,1250]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv & 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing 1888</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1480
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFEDFFB16FDC0FAF2" author="Chevreux" box="[278,585,1258,1280]" page="419" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1925">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFEDFFB16FD9CFAF2" author="Chevreux" box="[278,533,1258,1280]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Chevreux, E. & Fage, L. (1925) Amphipodes. Faune de France, 9, 488 pp., 438 text Figs" type="book" year="1925">Chevreux & Fage 1925</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 419
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key), 422.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFD17FB16FC13FAF2" author="Spandl" box="[734,922,1258,1280]" page="227" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1927">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFD17FB16FCEFFAF2" author="Spandl" box="[734,870,1258,1280]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Spandl, H. (1927) Die Hyperiiden (exkl. Hyperiidea Gammaroidea und Phronimidae) der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Band 19, Zoologie, 11, 145 - 287, plate 10." type="journal article" year="1927">Spandl 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 227
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key), 240.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFBE7FB16FB7FFAF2" author="Barnard" box="[1070,1270,1258,1280]" page="541" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFBE7FB16FB4BFAF2" author="Barnard" box="[1070,1218,1258,1280]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1940) Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. XII. Further additions to the Tanaidacea, Isopoda, and Amphipoda, together with keys for the identification of the hitherto recorded marine and fresh-water species. Annals of the South African Museum, 32 (5), 381 - 543." type="journal article" year="1940">Barnard 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 541
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFA9AFB16FEA6FAED" author="Hurley" page="187" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1955">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFA9AFB16FF74FAED" author="Hurley" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Hurley, D. E. (1955) Pelagic amphipods of the sub-order Hyperiidea in New Zealand waters. I. Systematics. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 83 (1), 119 - 194." type="journal article" year="1955">Hurley 1955</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 187
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFE43FAF5FD32FAED" author="Bowman" box="[394,699,1289,1311]" page="55" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFE43FAF5FD1CFAED" author="Bowman" box="[394,661,1289,1311]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Bowman, T. E. & Gruner, H. - E. (1973) The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. 146, 1 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.146" type="book chapter" year="1973">Bowman & Gruner 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 55
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key), 56.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFCF7FAF5FC67FAED" author="Zeidler" box="[830,1006,1289,1311]" page="39" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFCF7FAF5FC40FAED" author="Zeidler" box="[830,969,1289,1311]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Zeidler, W. (1978) Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Queensland waters. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, No. 59, 1 - 93. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 059" type="book chapter" year="1978">Zeidler 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 39
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key), 43.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFBBBFAF5FA15FAED" author="Vinogradov" box="[1138,1436,1289,1311]" page="439" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFBBBFAF5FAE3FAED" author="Vinogradov" box="[1138,1386,1289,1311]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book" year="1982">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFB3CFAF6FAACFAED" box="[1269,1317,1289,1311]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1982
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 439
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key), 454.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFE87FAD4FDB6FACC" author="Shih" box="[334,575,1320,1342]" page="225" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFE87FAD4FD86FACC" author="Shih" box="[334,527,1320,1342]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Shih, C. - T. & Chen, Q. - C. (1995) Zooplankton of China Seas (2) - The Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). China Ocean Press, Beijing, 295 pp." type="book" year="1995">Shih & Chen 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 225
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key), 248–249.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="436C82131825FFECFD34FAD4FC79FACC" author="Vinogradov" box="[765,1008,1320,1342]" page="1200" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFD34FAD4FC3DFACC" author="Vinogradov" box="[765,948,1320,1342]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Vinogradov, G. M. (1999) Amphipoda, pp. 1141 - 1240. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol. 2. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1705 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Vinogradov 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1200
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key), 1202.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891825FFECFF5EFA96FC6EFA38" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="C272A4021825FFECFF5EFA96FC6EFA38" blockId="111.[151,1437,1386,2023]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFF5EFA96FEBDFA71" bold="true" box="[151,308,1386,1411]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811825FFECFEF5FA96FD4CFA71" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[316,709,1386,1411]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
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||
<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFEF5FA96FDBFFA71" box="[316,566,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Tetrathyrus forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFDF7FA96FD4CFA71" author="Claus" box="[574,709,1386,1411]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="72A5AE5F1825FFECFCBBFA97FC6AFA38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1325647132" collectionCode="ZMH" county="However" location="The" municipality="Claus" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="South" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="1D761AA01825FFECFCBBFA97FC23FA71" box="[882,938,1387,1411]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material could not be found at the MFN or
|
||
<collectionCode id="A4DC3CC71825FFECFF5EFA73FF5CFA54" box="[151,213,1423,1446]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
and is considered lost.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2B13DC8E1825FFECFE16FA73FDCEFA54" box="[479,583,1423,1446]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">However</collectingCounty>
|
||
, the descriptions and figures of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFC79FA72FBB5FA55" author="Claus" box="[944,1084,1422,1447]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="22163E781825FFECFC79FA72FC79FA55" box="[944,1008,1422,1447]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Claus</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(1879
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31825FFECFB81FA73FB08FA55" author="Claus" box="[1096,1153,1423,1447]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) readily characterise this genus.
|
||
<location id="C712F2D91825FFECFF2FFA4EFE9BFA39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A6415141825FFF1FF5EFB9DFD46FAC2:C712F2D91825FFECFF2FFA4EFE9BFA39" box="[230,274,1458,1483]" county="However" municipality="Claus" name="The" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="South">The</location>
|
||
<typeStatus id="1D761AA01825FFECFED0FA4FFEC0FA39" box="[281,329,1459,1483]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="00096AE01825FFECFE27FA4EFDA6FA39" box="[494,559,1458,1483]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic, near the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="00096AE01825FFECFD36FA4FFCB0FA39" box="[767,825,1459,1483]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Good Hope
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891825FFF1FF0EFA2AFB95FE7A" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021825FFF1FF0EFA2AFB6EFE97" blockId="111.[151,1437,1386,2023]" lastBlockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101825FFECFF0EFA2AFEC8FA1D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1494,1519]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Head round. Eyes occupying most of head surface; grouped in one field on each side of head. Antennae 1 of males with 1-articulate peduncle; flagellum with large, crescent-shaped callynophore; with aesthetascs arranged in two-field brush medially; with three smaller articles inserted on antero-dorsal corner. Antennae 1 of females with 2-articulate peduncle; callynophore narrowly rectangular, with two smaller articles inserted terminally. Antennae 2 absent in females. Antennae 2 of males 5-articulate; strongly zig-zagged, with all articles folded back on each other, extending anteriorly under head and posteriorly between the gnathopoda and pereopoda to pereonite 5; basal article distinctly inflated, about half or less the length of following article; articles 2 & 3 sub-equal in length; terminal two articles of similar length, slightly shorter than preceding one; terminal article pointing anteriorly. Mandibular incisor relatively broad, straight with several teeth, with small distal lobe medially; in male orientated more or less parallel to palp. Maxillae 1 consisting of styliform lobes, with few tiny setae terminally on medial margin. Maxillae 2 consisting of rounded, plate-like lobes, with rounded, medial bulge, with few setae terminally. Maxilliped with inner lobes incompletely fused, slightly separate terminally; medial margin of outer lobes with membranous fringe. Coxae 1–6 separate from pereonites; coxa 7 mostly fused with pereonite. Gnathopods 1 & 2 sub-chelate; distal margin of propodus distinctly excavate, forming subchela with dactylus. Pereopods 3 & 4 sub-equal in length to pereopods 5 & 6. Pereopod 5; basis very broad, with relatively straight anterior margin and convex posterior margin, about twice as broad as long; articles 3–7 inserted sub-terminally on basis. Pereopod 6; basis very broad, quadrate, with oblique distal margin, maximum width about half maximum length, without fissure; articles 3–7 inserted sub-terminally on basis; merus with antero-distal corner slightly extended, overlapping carpus medially. Pereopod 7 reduced in size with large basis; with only 1–3 terminal articles. Uropod 1 with articulated exopoda and endopoda. Uropods 2 & 3; endopod articulated, or fused, with peduncle. Rami of all uropoda more-or-less lanceolate, usually with serrated margins. Gills all without folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="96B2F48A183AFFF3FF5EF851FC7FF810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166475/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" targetBox="[224,1339,220,1903]" targetPageId="112">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183AFFF3FF5EF851FC7FF810" blockId="112.[151,1436,1965,2018]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183AFFF3FF5EF851FEA9F830" bold="true" box="[151,288,1965,1987]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 56.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183AFFF3FEEEF851FD03F831" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[295,650,1965,1987]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183AFFF3FEEEF851FD8EF831" box="[295,519,1965,1987]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Tetrathyrus forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
Claus, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (3.6 mm) and male (4.6 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C5043 & C5402.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183AFFF3FF5EF830FF20F813" bold="true" box="[151,169,1996,2017]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">A</emphasis>
|
||
, habitus of female. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A), 0.2 mm (A2-m), 0.1 mm (remainder).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="96B2F48A183BFFF2FF5EF847FEE0F81D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166476/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" targetBox="[239,1314,200,1913]" targetPageId="113">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A402183BFFF2FF5EF847FEE0F81D" blockId="113.[151,1436,1979,2031]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183BFFF2FF5EF847FEA8F822" bold="true" box="[151,289,1979,2001]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 57.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81183BFFF2FEE1F847FD07F823" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[296,654,1979,2001]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B97810183BFFF2FEE1F847FD83F823" box="[296,522,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Tetrathyrus forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
Claus, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (4.6 mm), Tasman Sea, SAMA C5402. Scale bars = 0.05 mm (Mxp), 0.2 mm (remainder).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFE93FB95FE7A" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" box="[199,1052,367,392]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FF0EFE93FEACFE7A" bold="true" box="[199,293,367,392]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FEE5FE93FD39FE7A" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[300,688,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FEE5FE93FDADFE7A" box="[300,548,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Tetrathyrus forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FDE2FE93FD39FE7A" author="Claus" box="[555,688,367,392]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FD2EFE8DFB9EFE7A" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[743,1047,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arafurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FD2EFE8DFCEDFE7A" box="[743,868,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">T. arafurae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FCA2FE93FB9EFE7A" author="Stebbing" box="[875,1047,367,392]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv & 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891838FFF1FF0EFE68FC89FE22" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFE68FC89FE22" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FF0EFE68FE30FE5F" bold="true" box="[199,441,404,429]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
The sexes are remarkably similar in general morphology, and except for the antennae and mandibles, there is no obvious sexual dimorphism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891838FFF1FF0EFE20FD46FAC2" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFE20FAA7FE07" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" box="[199,1326,476,501]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FF0EFE20FEB2FE07" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus is readily distinguished by the morphology of the gnathopoda and pereopod 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFE03FE92FCAF" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FE5AFE03FD9AFDEA" box="[403,531,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FE5AFE03FD9AFDEA" box="[403,531,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FD0BFE03FCDFFDEA" box="[706,854,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platyscelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not entirely satisfactory as it has a number of characters that are not consistent with the other genera that currently make up the family as follows. The eye facets are arranged in a single group on either side of the head (not double). The first maxillae are relatively simple, without teeth or robust setae. The inner lobe of the maxilliped is only fused for the proximal two-thirds. The callynophore of the first antennae of females is bulged proximally, instead of distally. The second antennae of females are absent. The basis of pereopod 6 lacks a fissure, and the telsonic groove is relatively narrow. And the endopod of uropod 2 & 3 is sometimes fused with the peduncle. Otherwise the characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FB27FD2BFAE7FD02" box="[1262,1390,727,752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FB27FD2BFAE7FD02" box="[1262,1390,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistent with its congeners, and it has all the characters that enable individuals to roll up into a ball, as detailed previously. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FEA2FCE3FE62FCCA" box="[363,491,799,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FEA2FCE3FE62FCCA" box="[363,491,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is best kept in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FCFDFCE3FC41FCCA" box="[820,968,799,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platyscelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
until a thorough taxonomic revision is undertaken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFC9BFB6BFC35" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FEF1FC9BFE31FC72" box="[312,440,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FEF1FC9BFE31FC72" box="[312,440,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively common in tropical and sub-tropical waters worldwide, very little is known regarding the biology of species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FDD4FC70FD78FC57" author="Stephensen" box="[541,753,908,933]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Stephensen, K. (1925) Hyperiidea-Amphipoda (Part 3: Lycaeopsidae, Pronoidae, Lycaeidae, Brachyscelidae, Oxycephalidae, Parascelidae, Platyscelidae). Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908 - 10 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas, 2 (Biology - D 5), 151 - 252." type="journal article" year="1925">Stephensen (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides limited biogeographical information, and judging from previous records,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FE55FC53FD95FC3A" box="[412,540,943,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FE55FC53FD95FC3A" box="[412,540,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Tetrathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be epipelagic in habit, preferring near-surface waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFC28FD78FBC7" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The only records of associations with gelatinous plankton are by Harbison
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FB9BFC29FB00FC1F" box="[1106,1161,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1977) who record
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FA4EFC29FE81FBE2" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FA4EFC29FE81FBE2" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">T. forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the siphonophores
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FDE8FC0BFD4BFBE2" box="[545,706,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Agalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FDE8FC0BFD4BFBE2" box="[545,706,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Agalma clausi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FD33FC05FC39FBE2" box="[762,944,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Nanomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bijuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FD33FC05FC39FBE2" box="[762,944,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Nanomia bijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FC2EFC04FB34FBE2" box="[999,1213,1015,1040]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Gasca, R., Hoover, R. & Haddock, S. H. D. (2014) New symbiotic associations of hyperiid amphipods (Peracarida) with gelatinous zooplankton in deep waters off California. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (3), 503 - 511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531514001416" type="journal article">
|
||
Gasca
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FBFAFC05FBEDFBE2" box="[1075,1124,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who record it as an associate of the pteropod mollusc
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FDDDFBE0FD78FBC7" box="[532,753,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FDDDFBE0FD64FBC7" box="[532,749,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymbuliidae" genus="Corolla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecosomata" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spectabilis">Corolla spectabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C272A4021838FFF1FF0EFBC3FD46FAC2" blockId="114.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FF0EFBC3FEDFFBAA" author="Pirlot" box="[199,342,1087,1112]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Pirlot, J. M. (1930) Les Amphipodes de l'expedition du ' Siboga', Premiere Partie, Les Amphipodes Hyperides (a l'exception des Thaumatopsidae et des Oxycephalidae). Siboga-Expeditie, Monograph, 33 (a), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1930">Pirlot (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considers this genus to be monotypic and synonymises the six nominal species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FAC0FBBDFA1DFBAA" box="[1289,1428,1088,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FAC0FBBDFA1DFBAA" box="[1289,1428,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">T. forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FF5EFB98FE22FB8E" box="[151,427,1124,1149]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FEEBFB99FED8FB8F" box="[290,337,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1982)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also recognise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FD91FB99FC0FFB8E" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[600,902,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arafurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FD91FB99FD5FFB8E" box="[600,726,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">T. arafurae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FD14FB98FC0FFB8E" author="Stebbing" box="[733,902,1124,1149]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv & 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species, based mainly on that species having uropods 2 and 3 with endopods not fused with the peduncle. However, studies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811838FFF1FB61FB75FF51FB36" authority="Zeidler 1978" authorityName="Zeidler" authorityYear="1978" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" genus="Tetrathyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FB61FB75FAB1FB52" box="[1192,1336,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">T. forcipatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FA80FB7BFF59FB36" author="Zeidler" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Zeidler, W. (1978) Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Queensland waters. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, No. 59, 1 - 93. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 059" type="book chapter" year="1978">Zeidler 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that the fusion of the endopod, with the peduncle of uropod 2, is variable and thus an unreliable character, although no specimen had the endopod of uropod 3 free. Thus, the genus is in need of further revision in order to determine the number of valid species. The following key, derived from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31838FFF1FBBDFB08FA15FAFE" box="[1140,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="F0B978101838FFF1FACCFB09FAB4FAFF" box="[1285,1341,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1982)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguishes the two currently recognised species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |