383 lines
44 KiB
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383 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="7243" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e66978" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9bfd01a-cc28-46f4-a9ef-d0a41e19eaa9" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-79-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CE28E31D8CC05ACD8DEEEA5E2094E9D2" ID-ZooBank="6E3AE6524AA549EFB44DC5B99C2AD0C6" ModsDocID="1864-8312-79-37" checkinTime="1618938705165" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S. & Boudinot, Brendon E." docDate="2021" docId="480AFC2F8D1357C1A80D451C9813C146" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 79: 37-46" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 79" docPubDate="2021-04-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e66978" docTitle="Camponotini Forel 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CE28E31D8CC05ACD8DEEEA5E2094E9D2" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="CE28E31D8CC05ACD8DEEEA5E2094E9D2" masterDocTitle="Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1732574069365" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="74A9172302D111D47AC588E1BB735012" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6E51C94FD558CDADA80E8DF78334C88C">
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<mods:title id="7A19D3F808747D074EFD2C8089266A8C">Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="828B137BE53DC370646801115857C3E6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1F5B0EA08C5B063DE5A4522B0AF053BF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6714EEE65DC00B9DE0976A1F39EDF8FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F39030072EB76034554FA78503D2864F">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="80AC7E593002EED01DA76A86261BC72B">Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; P. S. Ward *</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="48F0E2BA1C194F2047CBE056FFAEAE23" type="email">psward@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="481AAA1D83B2518058B0B18C348A3A5C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D7B36E0BD5373730BBD2C3409581DF11">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE38428E09C5D79B3DC48E23E0B0DD6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25735561B8D9AC78CF7609E4EA010E1D">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D0FE396AB1D55FF3F823CEACBCFE0D86" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-0430</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA24B0BE20EA01234C5FD97C539E9A4C">Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; P. S. Ward * & Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Erberstrasse 1, Jena, Thuringia, 07743, Germany; B. E. Boudinot [boudinotb @ gmail. com]</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4A9006D1B325747DF8B553AE8FF73BB0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A3538EFB1A448C688BC5FA7C1C23C951">
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<mods:title id="C7F016324A02B969A01B2955C24EA23A">Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B0031D9D4C583D049705C4D513EC6CDA">
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<mods:date id="EA2958E6CC0FE45F1EBCC5E258615B97">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7E02125624B1DE29CB071062E74EBC0B">2021-04-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E681E6F7F42E297941A88195F1C43519" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="000C41890D597824937D8F0FF0E1E84B">79</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0090D68A32EC4BF1389120E375D84327">37</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="774EDF3A900FA7B91ECEB1A25A12BA66">56</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="35264B49C1EB681738AC7195461D85E4">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e66978</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3393461CBF2CEE4D392994E693840960">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="01B1DAE1BD01050E3FB3F2D2E7E771FF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.79.e66978</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="480AFC2F8D1357C1A80D451C9813C146" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181520742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:480AFC2F8D1357C1A80D451C9813C146" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/480AFC2F8D1357C1A80D451C9813C146" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_genus="Camponotus" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="6D01E1E1ADB86D7056424D00F37603AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9CFABD143317F745E5F80A52366313DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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3.3.1. Identification of male
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<taxonomicName id="A695D056A3AD92A205EE51CF7D8638F5" ID-CoL="KNT" LSID="480AFC2F-8D13-57C1-A80D-451C9813C146" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Camponotini">Camponotini</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6187EE515C4A1F6F933EEC46D9A10DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0C3CDB8919C970A55C65D4B6A02D6650" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1DEE237A6B77F01FB7A0AFD53E4056A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4A434A73CC16A965130C4CDF1D952A88" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Camponotini">Camponotini</taxonomicName>
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are well-defined morphologically based on the female castes (
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<bibRefCitation id="68EC965F5F9A27F881462AACBFEAF362" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 370" refId="B6" refString="Bolton, B, 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370" title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae." volume="71" year="2003">Bolton 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Males are identifiable as
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<taxonomicName id="E39DDDEB4942E7F01E26FD1EFB82B2E0" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
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by their long scapes, the strongly oblique gonocoxal-gonostylar articulation, absence of constriction between the third and fourth abdominal segments, and failure of the clypeus to extend between the antennal toruli, among other features (see subfamily key in
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<bibRefCitation id="2BB03C11E8C8D115859C6B9C8D0E16F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.120" author="Boudinot, BE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" refId="B9" refString="Boudinot, BE, 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.120" title="Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.120" year="2015">Boudinot 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Given the available sample, male
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<taxonomicName id="3C3C25AA48C0872EF29F3F8880E3D931" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Camponotini">Camponotini</taxonomicName>
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are distinguishable from those of other formicine tribes by the following combination of traits (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="94162BE4EA9F1F106A51B6FFCED64302" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of male Colobopsis and Camponotus; (A, B) heads in full-face (dorsal) view; (C, D) genitalia in dorsolateral oblique view; (E, F) bodies in profile view; (G, H) wings in ventral view; scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C, D = 0.1 mm, E-G = 1.0 mm. A, C, E, G: Colobopsis species indet., from Fijian radiation (CASENT 0171201). B, D, F, H: Camponotus planus (CASENT 0173220, image from AntWeb [www. antweb. org], photographed by April Nobile). Abbreviations: atVIII = abdominal tergum VIII (metasomal VII), asIX = abdominal sternum IX (metasomal VIII), ce = cerci, gc = gonocoxa, gs = gonostylus, Mf 1 = first free medial vein abscissa, psa = penial sclerite ventral apex, Rsf 1 = first free radial sector vein abscissa, vo = volsella." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66978.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533438" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">10</figureCitation>
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): (1) antennal toruli posteriorly-situated (i.e., anterior margins of torular rims distant from posterior clypeal margin); (2) antennae 13-merous; (3) arolia grossly enlarged; (4) gonostyli usually distinctly digitate (finger-like in shape and proportions); (5) waist simple, i.e., (5a) petiolar node usually vertical (except, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="43B45B23CC1D6D0E5AB286C89C3392AC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ca. (Myrmopytia) longicollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis" subGenus="Myrmopytia">Ca. (Myrmopytia) longicollis</taxonomicName>
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, which lacks a node altogether), (5b) petiole is not elongate posteriorly (e.g., anterior and posterior faces of node subequal in length), (5c) tergosternal articulation of abdominal segment III (AIII) is unfused, (5d) AIII articulation not raised dorsally above helcium, and (5e) the anterior surface of abdominal tergum III is convex, without a median longitudinal groove for reception of the petiole when
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<normalizedToken id="726A75699355D9D3F3429101EA738950" originalValue="“gaster”">"gaster"</normalizedToken>
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flexed anteriorly; (6) in most species, the first free abscissae of the radial sector and media veins (Rsf1 and Mf1) are characteristically aligned, forming a more-or-less straight line, although they may be kinked at the juncture of Rs+M, or have some other curvature; in rare cases, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="3BE92E6AC0606E21E3D1D0D8F5B4D877" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis pylora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylora">
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<emphasis id="FCAE737EB7DD048F2D4D749C73B6A396" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis pylora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(alate gyne examined), the abscissae meet at a distinct angle; (7) fore wing crossvein 1m-cu is usually absent (although loss within the group may have occurred in parallel, see Remarks below); and (8) head with distinct shape, resembling an inverted pear in full-face view: (8a) posterior head margin broadly convex, (8b) posterior head margin continuous or nearly so with the strongly bulging compound eyes (rarely the head is posteriorly elongate, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="56A98AC071978188B838563140D28341" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus gouldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gouldi">
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<emphasis id="A2864D607B2ED747AA6087BA25C967B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus gouldi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), (8c) malar area from the compound eyes to the mandibular insertion in full-face view strongly narrowed lateromedially, usually with parallel to subparallel malar margins that are almost orthogonal to the anterior eye margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EAE3AFD571D2904D7586BEFB713003D0" doi="10.3897/asp.79.e66978.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533438" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph id="72B9DD7347A323A790C9CE24A9AA1394" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="085969DE24411C2283A12753F506759F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Habitus of male
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<taxonomicName id="63A29B535293B63E63370DDDF8A5E4F0" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FC30BBA6B728E3B52CA6D1ACC86733A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BA96CBB438476A2F77DD09B89C59BD22" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E8F61A47F52664AEABCD913172B69279" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; (A, B) heads in full-face (dorsal) view; (C, D) genitalia in dorsolateral oblique view; (E, F) bodies in profile view; (G, H) wings in ventral view; scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C, D = 0.1 mm, E-G = 1.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="53BA9F5642E260A68FEF2B477B5F7555" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B620E288997E3F8771FA8B4F82754966" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="585762CA1E35CAB9175DC603DCBB5159" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="4413739C4738F99D006E6421382A31DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">G</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="AE94881C74C9E20D9413D60A8141BF09" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7A81A265EF96508A7638563CD3022C64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species indet., from Fijian radiation (CASENT0171201).
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<emphasis id="B442D47A40A301D83AE71E6C7049AA2E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="4D2B55F8B13D5C8E331C8E5148FDA7CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">D</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="E5CC25113C679334AAE7CED702EBFD8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">F</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B13BF65D3A83989716EBF27CFDBC654D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">H</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="B36E23DD1490F8DAD215EE7EC832E84D" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus planus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planus">
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<emphasis id="500AFC114DA614D0CF9861CDDFA58D64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus planus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0173220, image from AntWeb [www.antweb.org], photographed by April Nobile).
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<emphasis id="BE75DD4669BBFE5657FCE4CE6B637E40" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Abbreviations</emphasis>
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: atVIII = abdominal tergum VIII (metasomal VII), asIX = abdominal sternum IX (metasomal VIII), ce = cerci, gc = gonocoxa, gs = gonostylus, Mf1 = first free medial vein abscissa, psa = penial sclerite ventral apex, Rsf1 = first free radial sector vein abscissa, vo = volsella.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5B66F8A3B5B04E092C43643592BA9CED" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="genera included">
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<paragraph id="7E00B75FF396AD1C97EF59C08A2BA3FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Genera included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26AB621DF0F306E2E7C3E5E8705987FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="2E28DE5A70BA46B5DB98F44BA21B37C1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Calomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7C2411FCB53D5940DDE0EEC691920C43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Calomyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Emery,
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<taxonomicName id="1DA0909189C215BAB845A37C29210D22" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9F96EAB60F94F60A33662CA53FD463A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7DE0F9E16B4E7E1C41E9F87F48692309" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="22B52101B6F24EE5962761AC80949D23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="63BB1CF17C174CA983054456047A7F5E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B55C7807DBABBF57A383B7F84EF57A8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Dinomyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead,
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<taxonomicName id="3199C287DF3A06A5568633FDDCA71E06" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Echinopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinopla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5E52334DBF76BBA921307F39675C1CEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Echinopla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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F. Smith,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8A832378F26D706FA0B82AD7E142939" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="865641EF7FCF92820454A38A1405E717" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Dalla Torre,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="407BAA2E01444A1A00F27F709E593262" authorityName="Viehmeyer" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Overbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Overbeckia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E1D862D519C4BE62700540536754FC7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Overbeckia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Viehmeyer,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CBBE023A1BB4089CEBAABD823EF3E6E2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D0595928DAD3B55C02FCC5E0F3422842" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
F. Smith.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7F8ACEAD1BB9B572B790D2A50AC44DD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="CFF3F461D7C51B86BA2BF93500115868" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Remarks on distinguishing the genera.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="92F8B84D08503FFFDFD9001E7F0A818F" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CD602BA134FFF2145B8B054BC66A64BA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CFB39FCD8343F47DFC32A36ECF0CB025" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="03A677AA21E46BD7E01376F9CD2F151F" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9DF8036D2894DA868616D7E1B7FB60CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are globally distinguished from one another in the key to males provided below (section 3.3.2), and are the only camponotine genera occurring in the New World. In the Old World, these genera can be confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="869E5AA4B8B988C6CE56C1134A3CF1C4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Calomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B87A4EDFBD6485F3B2BE3B1BEC2E04CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Calomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B67D946DA00B19A5EF208111102341CF" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="577BFC92722FC8F718804A499A6FD0E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Dinomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="256454C287B4DB384F3BEADB16B304F8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Echinopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinopla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="85F11A49876218172954558A9B8C2B88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Echinopla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="23C35C4A9C92CF1B197182A488161FE2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6B4359EE77E681CD867A517BF0C4C6E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="544A8A86664565334642AE3BDDA5B87C" authorityName="Viehmeyer" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Overbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Overbeckia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E705AE6D5AB4BF80D6BBC22D385541AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Overbeckia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C75224FDD3952109F22A198BBD0E1C33" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="66FFA40D8235C0699C679281EEDD715F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, for which differentiating features are noted below. In general,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="34E78A494358D68C767E7449A373BDBE" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4ED7823681B2B720AB472D11499C658F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the only genus among these with antennal toruli situated at midlength of the frontal carinae, although some male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FBE101C519046212242EB0FB0188E4BA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B013BAAD9A08B2D37A26C627A2C8F70E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be hard to evaluate due to poor development of the carinae. Further scrutiny of this condition is necessary.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="706438A4206325829EAD7879D66E531B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AFD3D8CBBB5DE2220A078814CB58A256" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="93C8EF02E539DF82BB05A7CD38F88D75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Dinomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
males are readily identified by the following combination of states: (1) body massive, ~2 cm long; (2) head oddly shaped, with concave malar regions in full-face view; (3) propodeal spiracles long, slit-shaped; (4) petiolar node broadly wedge-shaped in profile view; (5) gonapophyses lateromedially flattened and weakly lobate; (6) golden pubescence present on pronotum; and (7) numerous long, reddish macrosetae present on pronotum, lateral mesonotum, and propodeum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1E59DE535BECDD086B22D1F9F07BB398" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AC320CEC4F7B5A2FBD28C5353B57569A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D2BBFA3CB642781D06FDF99C33E56CCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is easily distinguished. Based on examination of a sample of males from nine of the 13 current valid
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C2B155103DFA8BADC081551AD1CC6398" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="265372885241174AC443115B46A4D14E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
subgenera (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3724040BE88D362FEAEF94C4105B7900" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" genus="Campomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campomyrma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A409A8A89855864AEDFFF39A0FCA1F0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Campomyrma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wheeler,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E698566DBFDF3510EEE5416D4E0F9CF9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chariomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chariomyrma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8205A7552914423F52BFA5E10C05D673" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Chariomyrma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Forel,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0150DEEAE274B2BAD506B031EE680890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyrtomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtomyrma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CB2A991A913A8B935C4D091BB2C94493" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Cyrtomyrma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Forel,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C0C527AFB61F23A00058AF4D11540A5" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hagiomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hagiomyrma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2469AA99427390575A5F2B67F7FAADCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Hagiomyrma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wheeler,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A3F608025CEFB903C65CBEBD2334E0E2" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hemioptica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemioptica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1F939AA56F47ECCE14405C8353B2821D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Hemioptica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Roger,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="747CF60E5D064C58B5D6B97757CEFE87" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EB0B1DF52A3862DB39B6F210D4170297" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Myrma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Billberg,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD81F77EBA71BE2C5841B749A2981555" class="Insecta" genus="Myrmatopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmatopa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9522B29D0181A96BE6B3431BEA938329" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Myrmatopa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Forel,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0F7EB62B4B70657B8BD89A0D1D3054DA" class="Insecta" genus="Myrmhopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmhopla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="78E48D91E2088D0880A214B20AD51085" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Myrmhopla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Forel,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62A6C8ED6720D65D352F9783C457E0DF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C1ACF2CC55624B2EBF5E7B63CF66B5F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), the following differential characters were observed for the genus: (1) head posteriorly truncate in posterior/posterodorsal view, with the posteromedian margin carinate; (2) frontal carinae usually robust, especially broad dorsoventrally dorsal to medial torular arch as seen in lateral view (orientation assuming prognathy), and often strong and well-marked; (3) third abdominal tergum often> 1/3 the total length of the gaster; and (4) helcial tergite elongate, with a very shallow notch or even an anteromedian lobe (e.g., in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25145889649F7E633BABF54CB7E02BCE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="41CF86F930111A2CB72617F42CD7EB58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="201BFFA97E4E2F7C34068FB249AED77E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
|
), although the medial notch may be extremely long and narrow, reaching the helcial base, as in some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E4E32408CDD36E230890AC0E8AB1C1B" class="Insecta" genus="Myrmatopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmatopa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0B90FD6A2C1231FC64E50BD89D5DFE41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Myrmatopa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. None of the helcial states observed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2B6B89AC6B0DDAE93B1F5D696529A9C6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="37847E2A2EDC77EBBE70E3BBB2C30312" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been seen in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C64EE88FD9F741B655E125F282FAE828" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A420A5552DB43810D8DDF32A0375CBA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. While the genitalia and ninth abdominal sternum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0972DCDD44DC268B4E81477E7A681C31" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A3C78AECFC66A318220BCB8A4F92343B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
tend to be rather uniform, those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DA1B5DC57E7D9378299543DDA3039780" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6476C88F46FB0C0300BE94C8A69DC93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vary considerably from species to species and subgenus to subgenus, in ways which are distinct from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C81E0968B1F69AB8066CC32BF517D80E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4781852800C572D1C92C529162580D18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and which deserve special attention.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="656B44111E73B2FCE8F9434009A2DD62" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
|
The boundaries of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="08D2A82CDBF0E50A0CFA8D9493F557EF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Calomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D47EF47EE57DB4364CED58F26FC1548D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Calomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E4971F04617D31C65956A6BC22C7B1A0" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Echinopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinopla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1CD6CE4F118ED08D6451588C320C1509" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Echinopla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38247FDEE0A7BAD6637A5CABD65B15E6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D0AEC19A1874E306BCD054BFB2E8ABC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E9C0D7CDA5D80CFFC941C6B4E4FC5D5D" authorityName="Viehmeyer" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Overbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Overbeckia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="253BB926EB3EAC54F971C8CA58F36E86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Overbeckia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
remain largely unexplored due to limited sampling. At least one species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E7F8EFAAD37CDE8666935C7D0C01D43C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="432B853AE28AF01C82B8634AC044F467" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and one of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AEE452E29D4014D1255E68EE574E3CF1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Calomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="696ECD2EC2BBF78CBDD37DC141D0D962" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Calomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(in UCDC), and at least
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FD527A01E6211974E0ABB876C84332C" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis vitrea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B732BEBE0C7F53828F7475ADCD0C9BED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis vitrea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(male unknown) have the forewing crossvein 1m-cu enclosing and forming a discal cell. A discal cell is absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="250949493193D7B94372708413AF32E5" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Echinopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinopla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="FC944D1232EFF52F9E75FFFFA1A72F40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Echinopla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C591AB76B13AEBEE3FA545F6007EB1D7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="66A7F2793D240BC2F0C7867B7C3135FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Camponotus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(including the recently demoted subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A443035F9297B6536A7C0C4C2D2E572" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus (Phasmomyrmex)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phasmomyrmex">Camponotus Phasmomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
), most
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EFF310222984B4453ADF67F28FCA8D6" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Colobopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colobopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7BE41A1572F5816200AC4B38115F0B29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colobopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DEDF1449A51176CA5145B0EFB61D3146" authorityName="Viehmeyer" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Overbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Overbeckia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="86A24888DB071D33B5070264DBA944E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Overbeckia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="801B20F6D0D3D9CCCD79E5E664E1C384" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="18D0F47B5839EFFCFBC3688D013D58DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F677E50819D9C969A2AE438FBC307790" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A37C780D0DF85784C219788E8145F6FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(when 1m-cu present) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="076C16CEFCC459B871A9EC8CC1323587" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Calomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="10C754595F7F63F189BEF5C4831670D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Calomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(when 1m-cu present) may be distinguished from one another by the shape of the discal cell, being isosceles-shaped in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40872DF554502BBE9729D851E5CD54C4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="0C3FC2F501FC37D584185309C514A9F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and subrectangular in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A82B6C91605917467474AB4CC2AB759D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Calomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E7AC580CB0B3AA4D3CCC6CE599040ED8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Calomyrmex</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; however, this should be validated with a broader taxonomic sample. The examined male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="422FFFFA3884E3448D0796171AC96EC7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Opisthopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EE0250034F86A33652158D79E1EDC554" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Opisthopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A90B1796FDF9FFE45704251D93CAABD8" lsidName="O. haddoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="haddoni">
|
|
<emphasis id="755AD22EF97CA1C3ECC382CB0D20842F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">O. haddoni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(MHNG), was observed to have an exceptionally sharp and long ventroapical point of the penial sclerite; this species also has small ocelli, a very shallow and short posterior head margin posterad the compound eyes, and a large and convex anterior clypeal lobe. Among
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40B73222F00E89221F2272D0F26CFF34" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Echinopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinopla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1B739DE070BB4D7A6F355C7AB38DB68E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Echinopla</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6059DE1821290651D249DDFEFEC3B03" lsidName="E. striata" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="striata">
|
|
<emphasis id="759AA64796926BE62C9C05FB10CBD8B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. striata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was available for examination; the male of this species lacks 1m-cu, has a short third abdominal tergum, has a posteriorly-truncate head as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="90E0B72793EE0EB752456D07D650821D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyrhachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyrhachis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4C7CFD2B2BF46DBD41F343A31AD7F434" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyrhachis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and is extremely hairy with both standing pilosity and pubescence. The male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="16E4D381049A395EF410E25821379D4F" authorityName="Viehmeyer" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Overbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Overbeckia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="25A7E14A62FB02B0FBDF35674C6B214F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Overbeckia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has short scapes which are shorter than the head length, very close-set antennal toruli (separated by slightly more than one torular diameter), a small clypeus without an anterior lobe, and a long head posterior to the compound eyes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |