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<mods:title id="F23D8FD82F3FFD4C6A0813E819B57875">Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B71384D2C2E628EDB20AC293F8B4E02B">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B7D836DF58FE1A13841715789A7A6DE">Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1926E3585DF769722598423C6B7B7482">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3C2D537572E87B2394599342DD4A8D51">Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52A981924BA2821738BD3A887481CB9C">Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="7BFABB1DD1DF04964EE34D810FD8D1E3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7BFABB1DD1DF04964EE34D810FD8D1E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BFABB1DD1DF04964EE34D810FD8D1E3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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17. 
<taxonomicName id="92693E7D0AE5FA143C95837789C71F92" ID-CoL="68XC3" authority="Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10 (6): 143. 1846." authorityName="Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10 (6): 143. 1846." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">Capsicum flexuosum Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10(6): 143. 1846.</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="2FFD95BFF1AD93CECEDA334F8F71A3E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="2EE520115C13CED3472A3BFC2747BB76" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Capsicum flexuosum A flowering branch B flower C calyx D glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the calyx E eglandular trichome of the adaxial surface of the calyx F sector of opened corolla G glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the corolla H gynoecium I fruit J seed K seed, in cross section L embryo A from Hatschbach 18030 B-H from Subils &amp; Moscone 4273 I-L from Hunziker et al. 24993. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Barboza (2013), courtesy of the Board of the Instituto Darwinion (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695477" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 62</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="649917FFEDB997A4E245AC7730DBDC77" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Capsicum flexuosum A fruiting branch B flowering node C stellate corolla with greenish spots D, H mature fruits E plant F flower bud G rotate-stellate corolla with purple and greenish spots A-D from Barboza et al. 1034 E Barboza et al. 3631 F-H from Carrizo Garcia 84. Photos by C. Carrizo Garcia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695478" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 63</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9AFF3F86177225BAA9DD5CFBEE4BAFD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0BBE9F86883A18DB7C7AFDDFE5D0DB6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F9DC9FB6DE81FEC51B820DFA4C8B8A3E" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum schottianum subsp. var. var. leptophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="schottianum" subSpecies="var." variety="leptophyllum">Capsicum schottianum Sendtn. var. leptophyllum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 416. 1852. Type. Brazil. &quot;In 
<normalizedToken id="A99C9FE2DDAFE9C50FE049D4DFD00EE3" originalValue="Brasiliâ">Brasilia</normalizedToken>
australiore. (Sellow e Sendtn. l.c.)&quot; (no herbaria cited; no original material found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C6A39A2BEE1ED80220918B7F31710DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="416748AA73F194AD332BC02A048F6DAC" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum parvifolium subsp. var. var. sellowianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="parvifolium" subSpecies="var." variety="sellowianum">Capsicum parvifolium Sendtn. var. sellowianum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 419. 1852. Type. Brazil. &quot;In Brasilia australiore. (Sellow.)&quot; (no herbaria cited; no original material found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F06AA9709FF40E38EC3546AC40C7C19E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="EB6B040E42DB3C86B8B99CD885397A21" authorityName="Chodat" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="magis-puberula" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum campylopodium subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="campylopodium" subSpecies="forma">Capsicum campylopodium Sendtn. forma magis-puberula</taxonomicName>
Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 2: 815. 1902. Type. Paraguay. [
<normalizedToken id="40A6618FEF27D61B308D211BAC4B64D9" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
]: Sierra de 
<normalizedToken id="9F2A2711E64D870BDDE4CF0647E26F9E" originalValue="Maracayú">Maracayu</normalizedToken>
, in silva 
<normalizedToken id="E68BE882426FF4CDD314FEFC6DFA0FCF" originalValue="Ipé">Ipe</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F6823A9A403C56A2A20A7EF8C43F2CFE" originalValue="hú">hu</normalizedToken>
, Oct 1898-1899, 
<emphasis id="8B6FF9C049C5B93B728EA0636238A18F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="D32CD3A2D98DA64ED2CF1AD059BA8FA5" originalValue="É">E</normalizedToken>
. Hassler 5134
</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="41C896D1A1D5ACCBE4C942296C383EA2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 26 [G], second step designated here: G [G00390263]; isolectotypes: A [00936719], BM [BM000074110], CORD [CORD00087947, fragment ex G], G [G00390264], G [G00390265], K [K000648540], NY [04206101], P [P00410080, P 00410081], S [S16-28249], UC [UC-944853]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F25E710DA34EBBA2A0AD1E9CA2599446" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="121C7D0A9E8E03753BD41C564F3B1881" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="laurifolium" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum campylopodium subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="campylopodium" subSpecies="forma">Capsicum campylopodium Sendtn. forma laurifolium</taxonomicName>
Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 2: 815. 1902. Type. Paraguay. [
<normalizedToken id="4078CAC64463340CC005ECD75F922996" originalValue="Itapuá">Itapua</normalizedToken>
]: in silva pr. fl. Capibary, 5 Dec 1898-1899, 
<emphasis id="8C138AE7E19D114D9C45AAB6582457B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="F9AA7F092C85B8B15C4B6AEA71CA4325" originalValue="É">E</normalizedToken>
. Hassler 5893
</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G [G00390270]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000074083], G [G00390269], K [K000648539], P[P00410127], S [S16-27826], UC [UC950167]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61AA8E04A016C0081E45346CCFC473FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E08A6C103A1E7B0D2540AC10963B3C04" authorityName="Toledo ex Handro" authorityYear="1953" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum mositicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mositicum">Capsicum mositicum</taxonomicName>
Toledo, Arq. Bot. Estado 
<normalizedToken id="F6E7495A2B4CE3C93823D859622D6511" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo 3(2): 64, f. 2. 1953. Type. Brazil. 
<normalizedToken id="B8075979286699A0B92E85A1D2CA312B" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo: Mun. de Amparo, Monte Alegre, margem da estrada para Socorro, 740 m elev., 17 Dec 1942, 
<emphasis id="700AFBBB68298E1065FC33A83B1EC1BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Kuhlmann 144</emphasis>
(holotype: SP [001631, acc. # 47939]; isotypes: CORD [CORD00006628, CORD00006629]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B625AE6BF90082988BF0EC0D698461C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="222772B56D9E603934D5B7400EEEDFDC" authorityName="Witasek" authorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum ramosissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosissimum">Capsicum ramosissimum</taxonomicName>
Witasek, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(2): 320. 1910. Type. Brazil. &quot;Prov. 
<normalizedToken id="8AC1811A2EC85B010A191AD34AD075BD" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo: Prope &quot;Fazenda bella vista&quot;, in districtu urbis Santa Cruz ad flumen Rio Pardo, ca. 500 m elev., VII, leg. 
<emphasis id="5B4A0CCB9BDC694AF73074EF19A1ED31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">v. Wettstein et Schiffner</emphasis>
&quot;, Jul 1901, 
<emphasis id="CF313D1C50F872390089B8D5A8CED2C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. v. Wettstein &amp; V. Schiffner</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="A43BD9EBC93E04183CCE3F961C814A54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">338</emphasis>
] (lectotype, designated here: WU [acc. # 0037945]; isolectotypes: CORD [CORD00006633], F [v0093723F, acc. # 871103, fragment], W [1922-0001510], WU [acc. # 0037946], Z [Z-000038683]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F62D0D8B09C5803874FB55CDEE7E0FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BA2BEF32D02E74DE0E5D8F16E75274E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum schottianum subsp. var. var. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="schottianum" subSpecies="var." variety="flexuosum">Capsicum schottianum Sendtn. var. flexuosum</taxonomicName>
(Sendtn.) Hunz., 
<normalizedToken id="4F1C5AE05F73FFD4C782CBA8AF3C56CB" originalValue="Huitième">Huitieme</normalizedToken>
Congr. Int. Bot. Paris. Comptes Rend. 
<normalizedToken id="528F5C686A48F57F4AD306B854DD32B6" originalValue="Séances">Seances</normalizedToken>
Rapp. &amp; Commun. 1954, sect.4: 73. 1956. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="53DEC029AB207D40513AFDF83751E858" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">Capsicum flexuosum</taxonomicName>
Sendtn.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="C7DC41B3833629F3A5AB7FE6755EF53B">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="40B77D1DF84A67C8F15C6EC83F8978B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="FFB5184A747598093A60C620EE0FF93E" collectingDate="1979-12-27" collectorName="R. Kummrow" country="Brazil" location="Parque Iguacu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="2BD5F413F8EA2A0331493A0CDBDFA176" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. &quot;In Brasilia australiore: Sellow&quot; (no original material located; 
<collectingCountry id="A05D3F11985FE0D01ACAAC14EA8DCE44" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<normalizedToken id="DC9DA4A71871BBF497D78FDCB0654133" originalValue="Paraná">
<collectingRegion id="FE9856B8C1F615BC6AD5B98F91908724" country="Brazil" name="Parana">Parana</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
: Mun. Curitiba, 
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Parque 
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</location>
, 
<collectingDate id="474C86FC2C978ACCFAB2BA64DFA408EC" value="1979-12-27">27 Dec 1979</collectingDate>
, 
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<collectorName id="57DC657AD1B4C83DD72A987D89718922">R. Kummrow</collectorName>
1307
</emphasis>
; 
<typeStatus id="E646938BD8B8FEF89473F7979AC87809">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: MBM [MBM064252]; isoneotype, CORD [CORD00101762])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BB3083FA669A9F110137421CA9E2B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="82213B11670B07DDE8E0EA0FCD0D49BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EFFF36609B2ED7887F41A51A5D8A13C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Erect subshrubs or shrubs, (0.3-) 0.9-2 m tall, more rarely small trees 2-2.5 m tall, with the main stem thick 2-2.5 cm in diameter at base, much branched above, the branches dichotomously spreading in a typical 
<normalizedToken id="A020A9011BF1D8204E4E276B486729D8" originalValue="“zig-zag”">&quot;zig-zag&quot;</normalizedToken>
appearance. Young stems terete or slightly ridged, fragile, green, glabrous to moderately or densely pubescent, with antrorse simple, uniseriate, 2-6-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.2-0.9 mm long; nodes solid, green; bark of older stems dark brown, glabrous, rarely pubescent; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal or more or less equal in size, similar in shape. Leaves membranous, discolorous, dark green above, light green or greenish-grey beneath, moderately pubescent on both sides or, if glabrescent, with an evident tuft of trichomes in the basal vein axils abaxially, the trichomes appressed-antrorse similar to those of the stems; blades of major leaves 5.2-14 cm long, 1.5-4.5 (7.5-) cm wide, ovate to elliptic, the major veins 4-7 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate or short-attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous to moderately pubescent; blades of minor leaves 1.7-3.5 (-4.5) cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, the major veins 3-4 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute to acuminate; petioles 0-0.5 cm, with same pubescence as the major leaves. Inflorescences axillary, 2-3 (-6)-flowers per axil or flowers solitary; flowering pedicels 10-21 mm long, terete, pendent, more rarely spreading, non-geniculate at anthesis, glabrous to moderately pubescent, the eglandular trichomes short, antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds globose, inflated, white with light green spots. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1.3-2 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, cup-shaped, green or greenish-yellow, hyaline at the margin, glabrous to moderately pubescent, the calyx appendages five, inconspicuous, umbo-like and the calyx pentagonal in outline with a tuft of short uniseriate eglandular trichomes on each angle, if the calyx appendages absent, the calyx circular in outline. Corolla 6-11 mm long, ca. 13 mm in diameter, white with yellowish-green pigmentation outside, white with variously yellowish-green spots in the base of lobes and throat within, exceptionally also with purple spots, stellate or rotate-stellate, with thin interpetalar membrane, lobed less than or up to nearly halfway to the base, the tube 3-6 mm long, pubescent adaxially with a continuous ring of glandular trichomes (stalk long 1-3-celled; head globose, peltate, unicellular), glabrous abaxially, the lobes 3-5 mm long, 2-4.5 (-5) mm wide, broadly triangular, spreading, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the margins involute, papillate, the tips cucullate, densely papillate. Stamens five, equal, filaments 2.5-3.5 mm long, cream, inserted on the corolla 1-1.3 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.1-1.9 mm, ellipsoid or ovoid, yellow, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.3-2 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm in diameter, light green, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.4 mm tall; styles homomorphic, (3.8-) 4-5.7 mm, exserted 0.8-1 mm beyond the anthers, white, clavate; stigma 0.2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, discoid, pale green. Berry 5-8 mm in diameter, subglobose or globose, brilliant green when immature, reddish-orange or red at maturity, deciduous, pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 15-26 mm long, pendent, terete, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, light green, sometimes the margin ripped. Seeds (4-) 5-25 per fruit, 2.8-3.4 mm long, 2.2-3 mm wide, C-shaped, subglobose or teardrop-shaped, brownish-black, the seed coat faintly reticulate (SM), reticulate (SEM), the cells polygonal to irregular in shape, the lateral walls sinuate in the seed body and straight to wavy at margins; embryo imbricate or coiled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="63D6CF64A2695BB773BC78CA265D24D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F535E5D4A65249BDE511725F2EC5B2AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71A88CB855BF1E6665C2F8B22259565E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4D9E125B84BBF78B92E9FD522EE20A00" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="E43DA18B2F710D7F63A1DAB7C394BA64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species occupying a more or less continuous range from north-eastern Argentina (Corrientes and Misiones Provinces) and southern Paraguay (Alto 
<normalizedToken id="DE3AB3F3DA10F933B23ED277F9E66DF5" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Amambay, 
<normalizedToken id="86ADD5515DE439A7094DF6F6BFF82A6A" originalValue="Caaguazú">Caaguazu</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="FAEBDDE6D6431E5D4B729946922C345F" originalValue="Caazapá">Caazapa</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="A482C28AB87A644F762F7B22FD96A0AB" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
, Central, 
<normalizedToken id="0290387AC5714370D86184E739B372E4" originalValue="Guairá">Guaira</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="403C15C651B2E66AFC946625921FAA5D" originalValue="Itapuá">Itapua</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="5F52BE4114E841F3B24D8AFDE83081F5" originalValue="Paraguarí">Paraguari</normalizedToken>
and San Pedro Departments) to south and south-eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, 
<normalizedToken id="A728C1AD0CA34CC57048E4378AF9B1E5" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and 
<normalizedToken id="154EF411ED5CF777EAA52802474C84E6" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo States) (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="0F4EAF493DD08985957AF6C5C66780C6" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Distribution of C. eximium and C. flexuosum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695476" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF09F47367522CA58F969D0457369548" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="36F11C44715379F2DE5D3E2F773341E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A61669ECA078BDEE42361D7788693315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="37DA7AE93E749A462E2D221FD444E415" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="12A9D2D0CCFF3CCDDB9C8AD3ACB609F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very common in the interior and margins of primary and secondary forests, in remnants of forests or disturbed areas. In Brazil, it occurs in a wide range of vegetation types, primarily in the Atlantic Rainforest (Floresta Estacional Decidual, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana and Submontana, Floresta 
<normalizedToken id="02B6B565340D29B6417721CE5CAD9C4B" originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
Densa Submontana and Montana, Floresta 
<normalizedToken id="0D6BD21629ED78A19D415FBFF75F5103" originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
Mista Montana, Floresta 
<normalizedToken id="9BED6201130A405268390C93EAF7B999" originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
Densa das Terras Baixas), at low and medium altitudes, between 30 and 1,300 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="405908528C32A2ACA3468E70B8512AAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="B06BD5C012917067AB74666D41E84D2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD89ED8C45B95D14DCBE5BB94F61E2DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers nearly all year around; fruiting occurs from January to July and from October to December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0C3AAE3B09DEE997B9C89E32F0551D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="A0F3FC6D0AAB625A2BB84BB60C4DA557" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84EC4369DF10C7BB016680106457F6CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="941BA39C1E52D3E568263B09F9CF1B0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 12 (
<bibRefCitation id="670D6107D95D420B1D401D6C2E0E19DB" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 297" refId="B308" refString="Moscone, EA, 1992. Estudios de cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina. Darwiniana 31: 261 - 297" title="Estudios de cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina." volume="31" year="1992">Moscone 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7E95D4A37C3EF9B086D6FCE1F0327ECD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="275 - 287" refId="B381" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, 2006. A meiotic study of the wild and semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae). Cytologia 71 (3): 275 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" title="A meiotic study of the wild and semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" volume="71" year="2006">Pozzobon and Schifino-Wittmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
); 2 
<emphasis id="B599B57E9E1622B2A10BBF5AE68525D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 2x = 24 (
<bibRefCitation id="D6A2F003E321C51D94164C8D117DBF41" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B382" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, Bianchetti, L, 2006. Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" title="Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259 - 269." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" year="2006">Pozzobon et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7BD5094D7CBD9106C753408CEB0AEA05" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4DF18C58ADEF0EFEEBC9AE0F01D6C4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph id="EBF5B66C0153977A2155FD9B9597C5DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80CD898BACB4F6680713052E4F810F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="97C98003128CF32758DD82F2608BE930" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argentina</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="FCC54FE64FD948C9947C0D0AAC177F89" originalValue="Cumbarí">Cumbari</normalizedToken>
(Misiones, 
<emphasis id="05E83D6BB528177FF05B5CE559F5DA5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 2139</emphasis>
), Pimentina (Misiones, 
<emphasis id="7505102C57C8230162F7BCF49947AA78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 2375</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken id="3A04BF79710024C488728824F348D8AC" originalValue="Pimentiña">Pimentina</normalizedToken>
(Misiones, 
<emphasis id="A61CD98FACC742570D1AAED40E05ADA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 2375</emphasis>
), Ai Jesu (Misiones, 
<emphasis id="BA15A4B73BB1E7AD0074C36746CE340D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Buchinger &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="35A25C931BE407455C1BD9C506112B7B" originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
3222
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken id="8902BA2025C6E2C60B028F945EBE1F5E" originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EF064BCF7A77435B200878234E741C66" originalValue="Cumbarí">Cumbari</normalizedToken>
(Corrientes, 
<emphasis id="B43E4F61B9EC49B2EB1368FB978C0C9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
), Pimenta silvestre (Misiones, 
<emphasis id="E08BB3F02096A4F8A9429928294F0923" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 2140</emphasis>
), Pimienta del monte (Misiones, 
<emphasis id="05E8516B0361D8AD7413B210AA4E6B52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schwindt 4310</emphasis>
), Pimiento del monte (Misiones, 
<emphasis id="5A1C926B9B7855FB3F99791EF7A723C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Buchinger &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="B57E31A73AF57B49294EFCB440908814" originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
3222
</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken id="CFD80104FF6D67D1F3E5F630796B5F05" originalValue="Pimentón">Pimenton</normalizedToken>
del monte (Misiones, 
<emphasis id="A1DF401C90B83F8765493593E5CCD6B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schwindt 1871</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="C53A62D6CAC504D627FD89713FD5AC8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</emphasis>
: Pimenteira (Rio Grande do Sul, 
<emphasis id="6554CDF07AC8BB98F88F2F91310B0DD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Santos et al. 2869</emphasis>
), Pimenta-braba (Rio Grande do Sul, 
<emphasis id="AE34D8C81DD6F71AA3100E098F668D8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abruzzi 576</emphasis>
), Pimenta de passarinho (
<normalizedToken id="AA67F29A4F774A31281AEE1C85ED25B9" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="B431532C6F5DE469B6071C1AE8E26E41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Lleras 
<normalizedToken id="CA97617D3298EF20607144A014A78CC3" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
et al. 1947
</emphasis>
), Pimenta do bugni (Santa Catarina, 
<emphasis id="29F8979D220EFFD5863F734EC8D260AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neubert 216</emphasis>
), Pimento-do-mato, pimenta-braba (Santa Catarina, 
<emphasis id="2185BA15BD17CEF12B12838965A8552D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schwirkowski 1519</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="D760364E2ABAA83AB03BCA2BCAC97B60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraguay</emphasis>
: Locote (
<normalizedToken id="9DEB53653242A5413EB804FA9C4D8F12" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="3CFB2CAD5C81B7F383939C899D67D597" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 3280</emphasis>
), Pimiento silvestre (
<normalizedToken id="96A6D68A45FA515453BE49DD06C8432A" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="14143153E8A31FF9D64C8E58CE7F17E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 3280</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F265ECF6AB5E4685428ABCDEE775E50C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="indigenous names">
<paragraph id="72075386465126338773CFE821E0DD97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indigenous names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="286200B8CF24B7B59707D1F6268B5FC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="BA7F5F091E015C118268191422BF491F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argentina</emphasis>
: Guachu 
<normalizedToken id="DA675DE4E94D4526E78CF3A4933E127D" originalValue="ky’i">ky'i</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="542DE8AD0AB45C83D1411A5B44C28C31" originalValue="Guabyrá">Guabyra</normalizedToken>
poty, Misiones, 
<emphasis id="8B1399C8F3AF84550A675A3CDE4C8511" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Keller &amp; Ferreira 1349</emphasis>
), Guach 
<normalizedToken id="F078AE6899B249A896E015F27E989312" originalValue="ky’yi">ky'yi</normalizedToken>
(Takuapi, Misiones, 
<emphasis id="0BB4FF369E54B209BB63A9589FF8B57D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Keller 2957</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken id="278D3CC939A0E8F7FEB22F35E22B3870" originalValue="‘Ka’a">'Ka'a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BF11714E060FE9FC15110C521E313029" originalValue="ete’y’">ete'y'</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="D9687C5864AC19EE6ABEB403218E6C33" originalValue="Guabyrá">Guabyra</normalizedToken>
poty, Misiones, 
<emphasis id="AFE463D9DB2A51EF84EE982BF93DCD59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Keller &amp; Ferreira 288</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="DE074C8772AFE0B9AEBBDEC3058406FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paraguay</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="FEB32815980E2240F90D92AC10001842" originalValue="Ke-jiú">Ke-jiu</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="C83BF19E25DC9C05AA95450169A0E07C" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="FF6720C874243FD4E5B4F82C443C3A42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes 3280</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDC86B91044F1E70DD61E699F8853905" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph id="124C3C7A6AE6E158AADFE232E4588266" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6930FF86911825890220E3348414FE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herbarium labels record that fruits are used as condiments in Argentina and Paraguay due to their high pungency. There are no records of uses from Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E62412EEAEC762D6738701F4C33B961" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species conservation assessment">
<paragraph id="2D3DEC6AD4EEC6473EC94D2259116F60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0B3555E05A431E10212C1EA75C95540" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
EOO (778,640.645 km2); AOO (1,348 km2). 
<taxonomicName id="71B02C207353A384FE86E88765ABB256" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="655B58A2A32D5829380DE1976E4B173B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite abundant throughout its distribution. Based on the EOO, the AOO and its presence in many conservation units, we consider 
<taxonomicName id="D21DF8A24FCEC5393A2055E25D4D748F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="1C205E96DD760039555997534A4D8774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not under risk and assign the category of Least Concern (LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A96C936116980C666A2B3BCF98A8FD39" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0113F88C8104A5271E89ECD11AA36C5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1178DEA0712C5EADF5CB0CEC7D22E379" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B9C793BE643F1868F6C5C44C16E53B8D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="ADB10D6948D523BF9CB85F5C460B4780" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the single member of the Flexuosum clade (
<bibRefCitation id="8307270898EC67020113721F1671A065" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken id="3CB01EF42A2AEF1300270C0411B42851" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). It is a highly variable species in its pubescence density that varies from absent (plants glabrous) to moderate or dense on young branches, leaves and calyx; on leaves, the simple eglandular trichomes are located mainly on the abaxial surface of the lamina. The name 
<taxonomicName id="171F24AFC06F881ADF9AEE05C7D51DE3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mositicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mositicum">
<emphasis id="9DEFDA4CF4E208CF1969FAB2981958F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mositicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was applied to glabrous or glabrescent specimens with a tuft of trichomes in the abaxial leaf vein axils. Another striking aspect of 
<taxonomicName id="375C652D0C45C09A494E32D64E0E8734" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="A61BB338BE91F3042327BA669655E57C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the profuse, dichotomous-divaricate branching at the apex of young branches that give the plant a messy aspect, with crowded leaves, flowers and fruits; 
<taxonomicName id="EE61D27FF12BB7CBB724D1778D086F1B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ramosissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosissimum">
<emphasis id="A22CF0F85AB62E4DA1C4FE19C109CA09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ramosissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described, based on this peculiar trait. It is possible that this growth pattern is caused by a plant/pathogen (bacterium, fungus, virus or insect).
</paragraph>
<caption id="05C9A1C0075799D7753FE13F8691D62E" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695477" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 62" startId="F62">
<paragraph id="06E9E1F68EEA0DCE5E893E9B08746054" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B71196834F5CFDB451B5FC137F0C0F23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 62.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="383E074602B5C38CD223A2ADA60C4417" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="D4C0C9798BA574F66DE2CAC09AEC9435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="44E80452BE36D3CE2B0BEB2EC7738605" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis id="78700C57A25FEC6E8D7C7FD4A1E65D35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis id="ACF819DED98CDA9C1D183274DE7DD38D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
calyx 
<emphasis id="5106BE9D5F30A9732A1CC79B964A2B78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the calyx 
<emphasis id="37E8FE076BD977D9294CD024E20AA201" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the adaxial surface of the calyx 
<emphasis id="FC5A7FA42EB745401794AC285523A2D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
sector of opened corolla 
<emphasis id="5B31612ADA4FC4DD7CAD2F9A2566388C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the corolla 
<emphasis id="106F3A4A945B877784F067AC46448B91" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
gynoecium 
<emphasis id="D682705D1022D271D3A2104829526C51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis id="A4A5CC6779DC08B5C05D212A69581789" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
seed 
<emphasis id="2EA66227E0E1A08FAB6A7A7D60409DE0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
seed, in cross section 
<emphasis id="F57D3B1F7DAF3FC2F62920FA8BAC9A2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
embryo 
<emphasis id="ED7CE4C30815BD40F5E1A9EAAEF82C03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="DC06F54BD10B7665E8916F93D4F97E6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hatschbach 18030</emphasis>
<emphasis id="140BD6D77B029B9F8C9CE6EBAEBE7CF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-H</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="25CEACD3FAB2D6D47D69F798501CBB6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Subils &amp; Moscone 4273</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6B9AF3C701B0F402E0568799F5DEFEF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I-L</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="1A72901D136402D63E91842754C34943" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker et al. 24993</emphasis>
. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in 
<bibRefCitation id="A2EF5C724C13BE48A1B5919AEBBCC14A" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Barboza, GE, 2013. Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21-25." title="Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21 - 25." year="2013">Barboza (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, courtesy of the Board of the Instituto Darwinion (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina), reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BBBFEC765112E5782A45346FF70E5683" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Another variable trait is the greenish-yellow pigmentation of the white corolla; this colouration can be present as many small spots interrupted by white lines covering the throat and the base of the lobes or it can be present as five large spots covering the surface (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="64932589F8779747605FB5B7ED4786A9" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Capsicum flexuosum A fruiting branch B flowering node C stellate corolla with greenish spots D, H mature fruits E plant F flower bud G rotate-stellate corolla with purple and greenish spots A-D from Barboza et al. 1034 E Barboza et al. 3631 F-H from Carrizo Garcia 84. Photos by C. Carrizo Garcia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695478" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">63C</figureCitation>
) or the greenish-yellow pigmentation can extend over the lobes, leaving a thin white edge.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3345459401CA25F5D649E39C6ED71EB" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695478" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 63" startId="F63">
<paragraph id="8D5F8281F5B9B079703C3D87E2253FA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F12915A9F6F53646F89C138E42C28972" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64F8FF9EF35211ADD1C85305A6AC5F21" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="1913F3283EFE38340E00C906C8FFAE41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="83AE693A156FED486E86F63E36890946" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
fruiting branch 
<emphasis id="465946D86BBE73C3799F0C70EC6B7448" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flowering node 
<emphasis id="7CED620B79D03890CF079A5123DCA4EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
stellate corolla with greenish spots 
<emphasis id="828D222DB4D551CEA3D1F586B3D6C547" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, H</emphasis>
mature fruits 
<emphasis id="EADEEB3B4D19F0196C185A9B6F434B99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
plant 
<emphasis id="62CBA37B6D97B2FD51384AED8B64ECEB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flower bud 
<emphasis id="EF1245E8043A658B3273D0AAAA219140" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
rotate-stellate corolla with purple and greenish spots 
<emphasis id="F624BA44BDF9F24EBB123F1C99D78A92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="F7FC97FD78F8441BA258F576A7955A4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 1034</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B3FA2D6FAE4F37919AF062C653F66330" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C1F1211D3C30B736D09909D85601FF96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3631</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50E646DA88849A8614488C181AB196C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-H</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="D339CF1F2B3FE660FFF9D2CE5B187597" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken id="B88FE0E7610C9249AB42B66F447798DC" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
84
</emphasis>
. Photos by C. Carrizo 
<normalizedToken id="7385BBFA06A8E856403D7BDC16BE3872" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD34CAEE2EFC9BAC6CE3463BF64461B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A striking population from around Monteiro Lobato (
<normalizedToken id="50BCE7CBAD5D22E653DFBE3BCDAB0F39" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo State, Brazil) is morphologically very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="B9F545413E36A3AEF114621593422B10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="60361B057DA5572A8FDEA277F74E182B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its habit, pendent, non-geniculate flowering pedicels, pentagonal calyx, orange-red globose pungent fruits and black seeds. However, unlike other 
<taxonomicName id="C14AD586E800E6DA827CB4BE1DAAE23C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="FEBBD9D470704920F381378BADABE40A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations in which the corolla is clearly stellate and white with greenish-yellow spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B5078A84D658213601B3FB8C4D38E569" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Capsicum flexuosum A fruiting branch B flowering node C stellate corolla with greenish spots D, H mature fruits E plant F flower bud G rotate-stellate corolla with purple and greenish spots A-D from Barboza et al. 1034 E Barboza et al. 3631 F-H from Carrizo Garcia 84. Photos by C. Carrizo Garcia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695478" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">63E-H</figureCitation>
), the population in Monteiro Lobato has a rotate-stellate white corolla with greenish-yellow pigmentation in the throat and purple spots in the lobes (similar to 
<taxonomicName id="11D2C9208B000C93C3CE09C8C43516A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="4D6C0EA1334D3978B8490B2521373336" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). An accession of this population (as 
<taxonomicName id="EE3153A8A44C52D1C55FB6101F50ECBE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">Capsicum aff. flexuosum</taxonomicName>
) was included in the molecular phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="146E29FEB53C9A92D918974E3D5D2A07" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken id="AD4910AED0BA4C127130E66637D036F9" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
) and was recovered within the Flexuosum clade. In addition, its chromosome number is 2n = 24 (see Table 
<tableCitation id="3C5B88604084659FBFFA4B7C390688BD" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Cytogenetic information on Capsicum species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7466DBE9CCEE774BA9476BE56690A68D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="7466DBE9CCEE774BA9476BE56690A68D">2</tableCitation>
). Since this population occurs within other typical populations of 
<taxonomicName id="27BB322A246F3C8941FB7260ED5F9666" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="3D940E5A4AE4BDAAE0287B58988A5549" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3DC1F68A54A20387A95C6120AD51235A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B382" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, Bianchetti, L, 2006. Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" title="Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259 - 269." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" year="2006">Pozzobon et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4E4741CCF2B6A0FD80EAF1A9AFBF48E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), is treated here as a local variant of 
<taxonomicName id="2499E8F10D275ECFC5652997D29C2F6F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="AB23D7EFA4EBFBDC8B43FC11097425A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDE9FBA456085729E0DF083D6591D03F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8B5644EEA6F34282CF77A0107F055163" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum schottianum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="15AE6105AF6773AC2832331D06FDBE73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D746911E344FECF9885C949259D1C25C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. campylopodium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylopodium">
<emphasis id="BDDF750D2570CC32B418D43C7CDE7494" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. campylopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the most morphologically similar species to 
<taxonomicName id="325341EF18ADE563FF5CC2BD01118FE1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="088B940CDE40A44BDA9758FB40D31C7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All three of these species lack calyx appendages and are extremely difficult to distinguish from one another in herbarium material, when the corolla colour is not stated on the labels or only fruit is present. 
<taxonomicName id="7097A8DFD72306054610EE9291B05883" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum flexuosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="DDAAABB446F990D53BDC9054E6741AAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="E483C813ADE5A136AA0629E3F7543AE4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. campylopodium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylopodium">
<emphasis id="79C239DBA46E1B65445E42C13081C352" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. campylopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2118210B84053C5C20A39C20ACCDFED7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="4AE6FEE979A967069F7A59D2160D4925" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its non-geniculate (vs. geniculate) pedicels, yellowish-green spots on the adaxial surface of the corolla (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="6123C44E8447F3F0A7F59B2EF9797785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. campylopodium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylopodium">
<emphasis id="D2AED14EFB785DFEFF0A38BDA4ADC55B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. campylopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in combination with purple spots in 
<taxonomicName id="13792223E4E3087E1C9395362BB19E8F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="0D2F11F210F7E88EB7FFC5F03F99D87B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and edible reddish-orange or red fruit (vs. greenish-golden yellow fruits).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCF741A76116ACB7B3FFA5A5BBE16448" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
For over 100 years, 
<taxonomicName id="432B38EC5256788E98805F703E93FF83" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="0C291C3D5C5614AA04754B7A5034E82A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been misinterpreted in both literature and herbaria. 
<bibRefCitation id="DAC1D873C3256C2FCECADE23E68E504B" author="Chodat, R" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B87" refString="Chodat, R, 1902. Plantae Hasslerianae I. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 2(9): 811-815." title="Plantae Hasslerianae I. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 2 (9): 811 - 815." year="1902">Chodat (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="25F511117D75198EACF21926D9C80CC5" author="Chodat, R" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B88" refString="Chodat, R, Hassler, E, 1903. Plantae Hasslerianae II. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 4(1): 77-92." title="Plantae Hasslerianae II. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 4 (1): 77 - 92." year="1903">Chodat and Hassler (1903)</bibRefCitation>
cited specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="F1D278CCB86D6C10FFC358DB99CBBD4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="D943BEFF83CFB6ACD191783CAF75886E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Paraguay under 
<taxonomicName id="8E283075FC95A3C72EB5E6E3F21D7B10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. campylopodium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campylopodium">
<emphasis id="3B2F1DACB2F6F649F7FD37A36B9D6425" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. campylopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a Brazilian endemic. In addition, these authors described infraspecific names, such as 
<taxonomicName id="834CDCCF0307C1521D7D0A0BD32A5315" authorityName="Chodat" authorityYear="1902" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="magis-puberula" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum campylopodium subsp. forma" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="campylopodium" subSpecies="forma">Capsicum campylopodium forma magis-puberula</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8AF2913FCE038C4CB8238D7C486E347" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="laurifolium" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum campylopodium subsp. forma" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="campylopodium" subSpecies="forma">Capsicum campylopodium forma laurifolium</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="1A03B7CF408A005A68514218ACE5EAB2" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="225 - 247" refId="B196" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1950. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. I: Sinopsis de las especies silvestres de Capsicum de Argentina y Paraguay. Darwiniana 9: 225 - 247" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. I: Sinopsis de las especies silvestres de Capsicum de Argentina y Paraguay." volume="9" year="1950">Hunziker (1950)</bibRefCitation>
confused 
<taxonomicName id="C098FDC415731A6C871D77ADAC16AA7A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="0DADC28B62D9BC789A47D9CA6738EDFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="04074879C2E9B9A9842BE12933809E14" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="275959EB416170BB7A1104451A5F2C13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but later amended the error (
<bibRefCitation id="76A6EEECBD63AB23E67DCB95313332DB" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 203" refId="B206" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajies silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum). Darwiniana 36: 201 - 203" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajies silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum)." volume="36" year="1998">Hunziker 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and restricted the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="0F179D821AAE2D11A817963CA459639A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="813B51A2792E03E897BDADF86F08E80A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="9E3A214DAC7312F68E079B8EE95FBA0F" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B207" refString="Hunziker, AT, 2001. Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. -G, Ruggell" title="Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K." year="2001">Hunziker 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Finally, in floristic Brazilian works, some specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="C0A76AC29404B2D155389AE2B5FBD51C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. recurvatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="recurvatum">
<emphasis id="9D6C35BD6A2E5F1740E75919F7ED5EF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. recurvatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="8B75B225645A86B619E53830BDB523EF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="969DFED10B48436243C4F33EC888423D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2D10ED47BF0F1DF38B97F2DE91DFACAA" author="Freire de Carvalho, L" journalOrPublisher="Hoehnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 85" refId="B157" refString="Freire de Carvalho, L, 1985. Flora Fanerogamica da Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (Sao Paulo, Brasil). Hoehnea 12: 67 - 85" title="Flora Fanerogamica da Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (Sao Paulo, Brasil)." volume="12" year="1985">Freire de Carvalho 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E3A781B6D74EC8BFBCB795A9F0BEFCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="FFBE6B9B40E6C05D8C4AEE513003E84F" author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="3C53E75ED56CE06483CE8863BE99522D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="19B50A394048CD224250E8AC416E4EAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and cited a single un-numbered collection made by Friedrich Sellow from &quot;Brasilia australiore&quot;, but as was usual at the time, he did not cite a herbarium. Despite searching in the many herbaria (e.g., BM, F, G, K, M, W) where 
<normalizedToken id="BAB75EB0CCD12D25468502DF36B0F4F4" originalValue="Sellow’s">Sellow's</normalizedToken>
collections are held today, the only Sellow collection we have seen that corresponds to 
<taxonomicName id="7B1CA87970ACE7A93FF3EEF85A7C934D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="2125C896AE3D1CE2A4B4AA5367FD01AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was held in Berlin (F neg. 2868) and was destroyed in World War II. In the interests of fixing the application of this name, we are designating a neotype using a modern collection that shows all the diagnostic characters of the species (
<emphasis id="CC17FEC7263BBBBE20CACF9E22D96355" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Kummrow 1307</emphasis>
: MBM064252; CORD00101762).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="323C4594560AC2D2684A86272196AE04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="20AF9500E4BE3D867DC55A6C766C2AB5" author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B132" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
proposed 
<taxonomicName id="983C096A4DE4E786665ED48B92164FFF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum subsp. var. var. leptophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="schottianum" subSpecies="var." variety="leptophyllum">C. schottianum var. leptophyllum</taxonomicName>
for the unnamed var. 
<normalizedToken id="5D1144033D91A42C3386D806E250B6FC" originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
of 
<normalizedToken id="C23FE9B6935F43FC64561EA1B9EE7817" originalValue="Sellow’s">Sellow's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="F449A96100E31328E4CFEA90790C0FBB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="7FA2B6F53095421AA8E92411D97A085E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sellow 1846: 144). This name refers to plants with narrower leaves and fruiting pedicels that are not curved, but arched throughout their length in contrast to the typical fruiting pedicels that are initially rigid, geniculate (curved) and erect to spreading in 
<taxonomicName id="2040D0068A4D1BD26887C0B591683BF2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="CCEAFCC3D9C18A3FD97D4900352A429F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pedicels pendent in mature fruits). As no original material was found, we propose the varietal name 
<taxonomicName id="1797027561C6EBDF63B6E36B8E4E9CF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum leptophyllum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptophyllum">
<emphasis id="7D88A966982432CD168FB6C887D1E595" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum leptophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under 
<taxonomicName id="E564DB54FA3FED4762401A8137AA8C3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="CA3ABACD611EEADCD0135E11186B1814" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the pedicel features that fit exactly with that species (i.e. pedicels never curved in flower and fruit).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14012776D95A7223EDB8BACADF3871A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="59B29E88DDD121AD8959708D01AEF322" author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B132" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
based the name 
<taxonomicName id="73B0B4822EB0220235799CB37AFFD5E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. parvifolium subsp. var. var. sellowianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="parvifolium" subSpecies="var." variety="sellowianum">C. parvifolium var. sellowianum</taxonomicName>
on a previous 
<normalizedToken id="BC3454F7C8CBEB59BEB59F0ECB401582" originalValue="Sellow’s">Sellow's</normalizedToken>
description (Sellow 1846: 146) given for a fruitful specimen with &quot;foliis glabrioribus, ... calyci deplanato 5-angulari ...&quot;. As no original material was found, we propose this name as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="3D8B1381CD92365ED5B99F9A8D24F645" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexusoum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexusoum">
<emphasis id="E300D96E31F0A1B677EF58F5820A0993" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexusoum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to glabrous leaves and pentagonal calyx (calyx appendages minute) described in the protologue which fit best with 
<taxonomicName id="C431106FAF08666FD024E7DBAA43DB90" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="73D07E9B836115267F53C19F67C2A2C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="8828D71C044D87F7B4812B7FE867D49B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum parvifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvifolium">
<emphasis id="C2335B470F0E2268EFB6DEF21AD4B185" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum parvifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pubescent leaves and five well-developed calyx appendages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35457E1EA4C671C34D8B3F73381C7C91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="A6AE48C47AE982663C4DFFAE01CC6CE0" author="Chodat, R" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B87" refString="Chodat, R, 1902. Plantae Hasslerianae I. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 2(9): 811-815." title="Plantae Hasslerianae I. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 2 (9): 811 - 815." year="1902">Chodat (1902)</bibRefCitation>
based the description of 
<taxonomicName id="9C74710D9ED59EF1E2651EEE3FAE90ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="laurifolium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. campylopodium subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="campylopodium" subSpecies="forma">C. campylopodium forma laurifolium</taxonomicName>
on the collection 
<emphasis id="35BF54D85EC83BE4696A64ACC3C8184B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hassler 5893</emphasis>
, without citing a herbarium. We found two sheets of this gathering at G, both consisting of very well-preserved reproductive branches. We select the better of these, G00390270, as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C043CEE7E173897CD7A17964DA18A15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="8137CCC8C8D6C4A2749CD992E8EB4C22" author="Witasek, J" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="313 - 375" refId="B499" refString="Witasek, J, 1910. Solanaceae. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 79 (2): 313 - 375" title="Solanaceae." volume="79" year="1910">Witasek (1910)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="7F23E27A7AAB13453E042BF7B6A22E83" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ramosissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosissimum">
<emphasis id="FFB32E22A6BDB6E6354A00DC981D7958" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ramosissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of two Wettstein &amp; Schiffner specimens, both from &quot;Fazenda bella vista&quot; (
<normalizedToken id="A021A05153FB04A8AD409355DC19005F" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil). We found the two syntypes at WU where the collections she used are held; the specimen numbered 
<emphasis id="41EB378FBFD37EAA1E5FA1AD0E6E85B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wettstein &amp; Schiffner 338</emphasis>
(WU 0037945) is selected as the lectotype, because it is well-preserved and has duplicates housed at CORD, F, W, WU and Z.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D0EF89780763FFEE23B68938A8A6DC02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D90CF44C5575536B09C0A81C05067276" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA54F1824A2B1839C6B96B8667CEA36C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>