195 lines
17 KiB
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195 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="101e6920-3a47-47b8-b13f-09e665a76df7" ID-PMC="PMC3174444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" ID-PubMed="22171183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576074" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-95" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" checkinTime="1555332277582" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H. & Butaud, Jean-Francois" docDate="2011" docId="7B719F27853BCA96C6CDF3350A1BFD61" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 95-107" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599" docTitle="Rauvolfia nukuhivensis Lorence & Butaud 2011, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1668141354137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Butaud, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD8E7279D12FFDD4360FFCDFFABE44B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576074</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B719F27853BCA96C6CDF3350A1BFD61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B719F27853BCA96C6CDF3350A1BFD61" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName LSID="04654ED4-086B-579E-B3D9-3E24FE9AC156" authority="(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud" authorityName="Lorence & Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg & Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rauvolfia nukuhivensis" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nukuhivensis" status="comb. nov.">Rauvolfia nukuhivensis (Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="101">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A, B, C, Rauvolfia nukuhivensis A branchlet with leaves and inflorescence with open flowers, and buds with left-contort corolla lobes (Terre-Deserte, Nuku Hiva, May 2007, Butaud (unvouchered) B infructescence with syncarpous green fruits (Maauu, Nuku Hiva, April 2004, Butaud 418) C inflorescence with buds and open flower (Keiaki, Nuku Hiva, 27 Dec. 2002, J. - F. Butaud unvouchered); D Rauvolfia sachetiae, portion of isotype specimen showing leaves and inflorescence (Hiva Oa, above Taaoa, 15 Jan. 1975, Sachet 2115, Isotype BISH- 578658)." pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Figs 2A, B, C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg & Sachet" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Ochrosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nukuhivensis">Ochrosia nukuhivensis</taxonomicName>
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Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 8: 48, 1972. [Basionym]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
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Nuku Hiva: without precise locality, ca. 1000 m, 20 June 1921, F. B. H. Brown 432(Holotype BISH-500695!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Tree</emphasis>
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8-15 m tall, trunk 40-50 cm in diam., bark furrowed, pale orange to beige in color, leafy branchlets 3-3.5 mm in diam., glabrous, bark wrinkled, brown, leafless branchlets 6 mm in diam., gray-brown, latex white.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Leaves</emphasis>
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ternate, leaf axils and adjacent petiole bases with brown, glandular digitate colleters 1-2 mm long; blades narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6-17.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-6.2 cm, base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, apex acute, chartaceous, glabrous, when fresh pale green, discolorous, margin slightly revolute, secondary veins 21-25 on each side, intersecondary and tertiary veins prominulous on both surfaces, petioles 12-36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.2-1.5 mm, adaxially flattened.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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terminal, displaced by terminal shoot growth, 5-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-10 cm, including the verticellate peduncles 1.7-5.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2 mm, branchlets slightly zigzag, glabrous, branching three to four times, ultimate branches trichotomous, bracteoles 1.5 mm long, triangular, acute; calyx total width distally 3.2-4 mm, calyx lobes 5, broadly triangular-ovate, 1.5-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm, obtuse at apex; corolla cream color when fresh, tube 8-13 mm long, lobes 2-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.5 mm, slightly contorted to the left, anthers 1.2-1.3 mm long, narrowly triangular-subulate, sagittate at base, ovary conical, 1.5 mm long, nectary disc annular, 0.4-0.5 mm long, style 5 mm long, stigma head cylindric, 0.4 mm long, with membranous collar at base.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Fruit</emphasis>
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subglobose when mature, 12-15 mm in diam., fleshy, turning black at maturity, drupaceous with 1-3 seeds.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Seeds</emphasis>
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compressed, obliquely oblong-ovoid, with one straight and one curved edge, base sub-truncate, apex diagonal from straight edge upward to a blunt point, sides coarsely and shallowly rugose.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Marquesas Islands, known only from Nuku Hiva between 198 and 627 m elevation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence & Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg & Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nukuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Rauvolfia nukuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is very rare and localized with fewer than 50 living trees currently known in valley or plateau dry forest with species of
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cerbera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Cerbera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Ficus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Celastraceae" genus="Maytenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Maytenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Leiothrichidae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Phyllanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Sapindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Sapindus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Flacourtiaceae" genus="Xylosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Xylosma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Currently known in the Terre-Deserte region in the valleys of Motuee, Hakaavao, Haahopu, Haatuatua, Hakaoa, Tapueahu and Uea, and on the plateaus of Tohuahee, Vaiteheii, Maauu, and Putata. As many dead trees as living trees are known. Formerly known from the north coast of Nuku Hiva, between the Haataivea peninsula and behind Aakapa village.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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The suitable habitat for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence & Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg & Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nukuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Rauvolfia nukuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Nuku Hiva (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">c.</emphasis>
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340 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation, exploitation for leaves and bark), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest. Following the criteria and categories of IUCN
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="Chromosome Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" refId="B8" refString="IUCN, , 2001. IUCN Red List categories v.3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland (Ed.)., www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" title="IUCN Red List categories v. 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland (Ed.)." url="www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001" year="2001">(2001)</bibRefCitation>
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IUCN Red List Category:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
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(CR) B1a, B1b (i-iii), D; B1, extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2, and B1a, severely fragmented (several small subpopulations); B1b (i-iii), continuing projected decline in (i) extent of occurrence, (ii) area of occupancy, and (iii) area, extent, and quality of habitat; D population size estimated to number fewer than 50 mature individuals (fewer than 50 total individuals).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
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Nuku Hiva: Tapueahu (labels erroneously says Matatekouaehi) Valley, 650 ft. (198 m), 1 July 1988, Perlman 10014 (AD, BISH, K, MO, MU, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Terre
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Déserte">Deserte</normalizedToken>
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, branche gauche de la moyenne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
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de la Baie Marquisienne, face au Keiaki, 340 m, 30 July 1987, Florence 8434 (BISH, PAP, US); broad interfluve above Uea Valley, near Baie Marquisienne, 20 Apr. 1964, Decker 2046 (US); Ivipuovoteahi, NO de Keiaki, 400 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.916667">8°55' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-140.2">140°12' W</geoCoordinate>
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, February 1987, Jourdan 128 (PAP); Terre Deserte, Pipiheihe, 400 m, 8 April 1989, Toutain 4275 (PAP); Plateau de Maauu, au Sud du
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<normalizedToken originalValue="deuxième">deuxieme</normalizedToken>
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vallon de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
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naturelle, 456 m, 9 April 2004, Butaud 418 (PAP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="101" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Collectors’">Collectors'</normalizedToken>
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notes indicate the leaves and bark are used for traditional medicine, another factor likely contributing to the decline of this species. Since 2006, a conservation plan lead by the Environment Direction of French Polynesia was implemented, with conservation
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">ex situ</emphasis>
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(seed collection and conservation plantings) and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">in situ</emphasis>
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(enclosure of several populations). Local name: tueiao
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">A, B, C,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence & Butaud" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Fosberg & Sachet" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nukuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Rauvolfia nukuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
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branchlet with leaves and inflorescence with open flowers, and buds with left-contort corolla lobes (Terre-Deserte, Nuku Hiva, May 2007, Butaud (unvouchered)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
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infructescence with syncarpous green fruits (Maauu, Nuku Hiva, April 2004, Butaud 418)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
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inflorescence with buds and open flower (Keiaki, Nuku Hiva, 27 Dec. 2002, J.-F. Butaud unvouchered);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 21" authorityYear="1981" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Rauvolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="101" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sachetiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="101">Rauvolfia sachetiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, portion of isotype specimen showing leaves and inflorescence (Hiva Oa, above Taaoa, 15 Jan. 1975, Sachet 2115, Isotype BISH-578658).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |