152 lines
14 KiB
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152 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f36ba97-970f-40b6-ab7b-339c1f4cc0ef" ID-PMC="PMC3494023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-231-1" ID-PubMed="23204912" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-231-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 231" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451248656124" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2012" docId="5467E13409DAAAB7C423D922C87FC31B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 231: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 231" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" docTitle="Facitrichophora Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2012, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFE9FFC5E821FFA5FFA88C0071260670" masterDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668154588673" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>231</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-231-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037397" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2DD0A279-EB93-4EAC-81C4-33C8B798E41B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5467E13409DAAAB7C423D922C87FC31B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2DD0A279-EB93-4EAC-81C4-33C8B798E41B" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="7">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora manza" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manza">Facitrichophora manza</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Small to moderately small shore flies, length 1.8-3.20 mm; generally densely microtomentose, dull species (Figs 11-13). Head (Figs 11-12): Frons lacking anterior, proclinate, fronto-orbital seta; face substantially prominent at level of dorsal facial seta; antennal grooves generally sharply defined ventrally; facial setae comprising at least 2 vertical to verticolateral rows (Figs 11-12), 5 setae of medial row larger than those of lateral row, these not arising from shiny papilla and with similar, mostly inclinate to ventroinclinate orientations; face lacking a distinctly dorsoclinate seta at ventral extremity; parafacial moderately wide, bearing conspicuous, vertical row of large setulae; gena variable but moderately high. Eye generally oval, conspicuously microsetulose, bearing numerous interfacetal setulae; maxillary palpus yellow. Thorax (Fig. 13): Acrostichal setulae in 6-8 rows; a presutural and postsutural supra-alar setae moderately well developed, both about 1/2 length of postalar seta; notopleuron bearing several setulae in addition to 2 larger setae; anterior notopleural seta inserted conspicuously closer to posterior notopleural seta than to postpronotal seta; anepisternum bearing 2 prominent, subequal setae along posterior margin. Wings faintly infuscate, more so toward anterior margin; costa bearing 3-5 long, dorsal setae between humeral and subcostal breaks. Forefemur normally developed, lacking row of short, stout setae along anteroventral or posteroventral surfaces; hindtibia lacking a preapical, ventral, spur-like seta. Abdomen: Tergites variable, but mostly unicolorous; tergite 2-4 of ♂ becoming progressively longer. Male terminalia (Figs 1-4): Epandrium thinly connected dorsally above cerci, in posterior view more or less elliptical, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, in ventral half gradually tapered, or pyriform, broader basally and tapered irregularly to apex, on whole surface bearing distinct setae, in lateral view apical half slightly widen by extension of its ventral portion, apical section of ventral margin often with setae; cerci fused ventrolaterally to medial margin of epandrium, in posterior view generally slightly elongate or hemispherical; gonites rod-shaped without setae, rarely lobate; aedeagus strongly elongate, about 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6×">-6x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, in dorsal view base generally narrowly triangular, apex rounded, in lateral view trunk of aedeagus with uniform thickness, apex pointed and generally bearing subapically a narrow, membranous flap that generally folds back under aedeagus with about 2/3 length of aedeagus to battered tape 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as aedeagus; phallapodeme separate from aedeagus, in posterior view elongate with extension at base and bifurcate anteriorly, in lateral view narrowly subtriangular, with extension toward aedeagal base narrow, parallel sided or tapered, keel usually evident toward hypandrial extension, but sometimes reduced; ejaculatory apodeme absent; hypandrium in dorsal view U- or V- to Y-shaped with thickened stem or base, anterior margin narrowly to broadly rounded, posterior arms either straight or oriented posterolaterally, if straight then with a lateral and medial pair of arms, in lateral view hypandrium generally flattened or broadly and shallowly pocket-like.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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have only been found in the Neotropical Region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Natural</pageBreakToken>
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history.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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are usually associated with mud-shore and sand-shore habitats associated with brackish water in backwater areas of maritime coasts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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, along with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
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Hendel (New World), and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
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, form a monophyletic lineage within the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001</bibRefCitation>
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for background on this node).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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may be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
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by the two series of facial setae (see generic description and Figs 11-12) with an inclinate to ventroinclinate orientation; medial facial series larger and numbering 5. These characters are unique to the species of this genus (synapomorphies) and are evidence of its monophyly.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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is perhaps most closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
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and a synapomorphy establishing this relationship is the fusion of the ventral portion of the cerci with the epandrium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Four species have been discovered in this genus thus far, and each can be distinguished by external characters. Reference to characters of the male terminalia, however, may be needed to confirm a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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identity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="key to species of facitrichophora">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<table pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora carvalhorum" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhorum">Facitrichophora carvalhorum</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora atrella" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrella">Facitrichophora atrella</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora manza" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manza">Facitrichophora manza</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora panama" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panama">Facitrichophora panama</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |