228 lines
54 KiB
XML
228 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="7FDC89AB6909C50E0C9C23BA7AF06960" ID-CLB-Dataset="157780" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f0439bc-75c3-4b5f-a725-2008ecd536f2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7141932" ID-ZooBank="E66D4948-BF8A-414A-9AB5-389AEF9D951B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664862474879" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haddad, Charles R. & Booysen, Ruan" docDate="2022" docId="475287B4FFC02B32FF2EFBBBFA26F7AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5194.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5194 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Afrodrassex Haddad & Booysen 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="BB6BFFCCFFC22B34FFB9FFA1FFABF65F" masterDocTitle="The ground spider genera Leptodrassex Murphy, 2007 and Leptopilos Levy, 2009 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in southern Africa, including the description of a new genus and seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699387069486" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="9946A90E275D47C383EDBD2A69995B97" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="773CF3710889006C3B9D45F5CFC8FE1B">
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<mods:title id="5861CFB8192F22463A2F39B8348B154A">The ground spider genera Leptodrassex Murphy, 2007 and Leptopilos Levy, 2009 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in southern Africa, including the description of a new genus and seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A781056AC8DFC6574BCC7DE41B16FD58" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29C7FED9D2E05C4070F06B743F5F8F5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D2354896925559FA1A7115A1886DF255">Haddad, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="63EDF97BCB0DDF066040A8344A6A749F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2317-7760</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CDE05427E8554059B6AAFC02EF2AAF8F" type="email">haddadcr@ufs.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9062C7374481DF6CF572DF1292A06444">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B593F74ED318E1AB2DFBFA4FFC26FC67">Booysen, Ruan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA90382662291C606763B6A89BF64B7D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0841-9143</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="56C0B2EEF0EC728F7170F31DE466629D" type="email">booysenr@ufs.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8D4E3677A0ED3CE6700C6FDB27AB7454">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="09D4C3F5368318D8DEC8BE7B2CD1B695">
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<mods:date id="69109CB9BA8F5CFE5A2E11B57AA51EB1">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B76A450F2B716827D6D824CBEC539DD8">2022-10-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="77A57353F07EA26D19F22B087B8E2603">5194</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3B40FC56F350705743247AC534E577F4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5194.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="475287B4FFC02B32FF2EFBBBFA26F7AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141896" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202134682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7141896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:475287B4FFC02B32FF2EFBBBFA26F7AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/475287B4FFC02B32FF2EFBBBFA26F7AA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="87E16529FFC02B36FF2EFBBBFE5DF26A" box="[151,502,1050,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CF4436A2FFC02B36FF2EFBBBFE5DF26A" blockId="2.[151,502,1050,1077]" box="[151,502,1050,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="940C81CEFFC02B36FF2EFBBBFE5DF26A" bold="true" box="[151,502,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF2EFBBBFE5DF26A" bold="true" box="[151,502,1050,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FF57FBBBFE2AF26A" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[238,385,1050,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF57FBBBFE2AF26A" bold="true" box="[238,385,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Afrodrassex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC02B36FE31FBBAFE5DF26A" box="[392,502,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="87E16529FFC02B36FF2EFBC2FD2CF222" box="[151,647,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="CF4436A2FFC02B36FF2EFBC2FD2CF222" blockId="2.[151,647,1122,1149]" box="[151,647,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF2EFBC2FE92F223" bold="true" box="[151,313,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="10408800FFC02B36FF2EFBC2FF7FF222" box="[151,212,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FEF8FBC2FD89F222" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[321,546,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balrog" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FEF8FBC2FD89F222" box="[321,546,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Afrodrassex balrog</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FD90FBC2FD2CF222" bold="true" box="[553,647,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC02B36FD90FBC2FD2CF222" box="[553,647,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87E16529FFC02B36FF2EFB0AFC84F2B6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="CF4436A2FFC02B36FF2EFB0AFC84F2B6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1195,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF2EFB0AFEB5F29A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The genus name is a contraction referring to the currently known distribution in the Afrotropical Region, and
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FF7EFB6EFEF7F2B6" authorityName=", Murphy" authorityYear="2007" box="[199,348,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Leptodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF7EFB6EFEF7F2B6" box="[199,348,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leptodrassex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, to which it is related. Gender masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87E16529FFC02B36FF7EFB53FA20F326" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CF4436A2FFC02B36FF7EFB53FA20F326" blockId="2.[151,1436,1195,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF7EFB53FEE9F353" bold="true" box="[199,322,1266,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FEFEFB52FE66F352" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[327,461,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FEFEFB52FE66F352" box="[327,461,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Afrodrassex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FE6DFB52FD97F352" bold="true" box="[468,572,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC02B36FE6DFB52FD97F352" box="[468,572,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from all other Leptodrassinae by the distinctive genitalic structure: females have very long copulatory ducts running around the periphery of the epigyne before entering the spermathecae posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC02B36FE7AFA9AFDB0F30A" box="[451,539,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–38" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,199,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1363]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–38. Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (34) and dorsal (35) views, and male palp in prolateral (36), ventral (37) and retrolateral (38) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141948/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC02B36FD90FA9AFDE3F30A" box="[553,584,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–43" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,201,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 39–43. Afrodrassex catharinae sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (39) and dorsal (40) views, and male palp in prolateral (41), ventral (42) and retrolateral (43) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E— embolus; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">39</figureCitation>
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), while the male palps have a large curved anterior tegular process, lack a median apophysis, and have a long embolus associated with a large membranous conductor (
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<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC02B36FB1EFAFEFA83F326" box="[1191,1320,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–38" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,199,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1363]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–38. Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (34) and dorsal (35) views, and male palp in prolateral (36), ventral (37) and retrolateral (38) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141948/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 36–38</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC02B36FA8DFAFEFAD4F326" box="[1332,1407,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–43" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,201,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 39–43. Afrodrassex catharinae sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (39) and dorsal (40) views, and male palp in prolateral (41), ventral (42) and retrolateral (43) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E— embolus; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">41–43</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="9B84662AFFC02B36FF2EF8C6FCE9F1FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7141938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[151,264,1895,1919]" targetBox="[151,1436,1425,1871]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="CF4436A2FFC02B36FF2EF8C6FCE9F1FD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1895,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FF2EF8C6FEE2F120" bold="true" box="[151,329,1895,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 7–10.</emphasis>
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Dorsal habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FDB0F8C6FD29F120" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[521,642,1895,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FDB0F8C6FD29F120" box="[521,642,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Afrodrassex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FD33F8C6FD41F120" bold="true" box="[650,746,1895,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC02B36FD33F8C6FD41F120" box="[650,746,1895,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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species: 7, 8.
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FCC6F8C6FC4BF120" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[895,992,1895,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balrog" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FCC6F8C6FC4BF120" box="[895,992,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. balrog</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FC5EF8C6FB92F120" bold="true" box="[999,1081,1895,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC02B36FC5EF8C6FB92F120" box="[999,1081,1895,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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female (7) and male (8); 9, 10.
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<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC02B36FA3FF8C6FEAEF1FC" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FA3FF8C6FEAEF1FC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. catharinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC02B36FEB2F82AFEF7F1FC" bold="true" box="[267,348,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC02B36FEB2F82AFEF7F1FC" box="[267,348,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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female (9) and male (10). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="87E16529FFC12B32FF7EFF37FA26F7AA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CF4436A2FFC12B32FF7EFF37FA26F7AA" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,392]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC12B37FF7EFF37FEF2F6EF" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</emphasis>
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Small pale spiders (
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<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC12B37FD86FF37FD0EF6EF" box="[575,677,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,306,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-79@1.[151,1436,306,1645]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Habitus of living Leptodrassinae spiders from southern Africa: 1. Female and 2. Juvenile Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. from Bloemfontein, South Africa; 3. Female and 4. Male Leptodrassex murphyi sp. nov. from Bloemfontein, South Africa; 5, 6. Male Leptopilos digitus sp. nov. from Namaqua National Park, South Africa. Photos: R. Booysen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141936/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC12B37FD0BFF37FD45F6EF" box="[690,750,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1425,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[151,1436,1425,1871]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Dorsal habitus of Afrodrassex gen. nov. species: 7, 8. A. balrog sp. nov. female (7) and male (8); 9, 10. A. catharinae sp. nov. female (9) and male (10). Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141938/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
), females
|
||
<quantity id="08039B47FFC12B37FCD8FF37FBAEF6EE" box="[865,1029,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.715" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.715" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.23">2.23–3.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
and males
|
||
<quantity id="08039B47FFC12B37FB3FFF37FA82F6EE" box="[1158,1321,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.75" valueMin="1.85">1.85–2.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; carapace creamy-white to yellow; carapace oval, eye region narrow, broadest between coxae II and III, without fovea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC12B37FF5CFF7FFE9DF6A7" box="[229,310,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior margin straight or slightly concave; carapace gradually elevated from eye region, highest at 3/4 its length, with steep posterior slope; carapace smooth and matte, densely covered in feathery setae, with long straight setae in eye region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC12B37FDA0FE87FD36F71F" box="[537,669,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 11–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). All eyes surrounded by black rings, pigment continuous between anterior eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC12B37FE8EFEEBFE06F73B" box="[311,429,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1425,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[151,1436,1425,1871]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Dorsal habitus of Afrodrassex gen. nov. species: 7, 8. A. balrog sp. nov. female (7) and male (8); 9, 10. A. catharinae sp. nov. female (9) and male (10). Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141938/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
); AER procurved in anterior view, slightly recurved in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC12B37FB17FEEBFA99F73B" box="[1198,1330,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 12–14</figureCitation>
|
||
); clypeus height slightly larger than AME diameter; AME largest, separated by approximately 1/2 their diameter, separated from ALE by 1/8 ALE diameter; PER strongly procurved in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FC51FF36FBC5F6EE" box="[1000,1134,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
); PME oval and flattened, PLE round, PME slightly larger than PLE; PME separated from each other and from PLE by distance between 1/2 to equal to their diameter; ALE and PLE almost touching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FC9EFF7EFC02F6A6" box="[807,937,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
); MOQ narrower posteriorly than anteriorly, anterior width slightly larger than MOQ length. Cheliceral dentition: promargin with three teeth, usually middle tooth largest, distal tooth smallest, a tiny denticle; retromargin with two subequal teeth, larger than promarginal teeth; endites with slightly depressed lateral margins, distal margins rounded, with distinct serrula and maxillar hair tuft; labium trapezoid, rounded anteriorly, slightly longer than wide. Pleural bars weakly sclerotised, isolated; sternum oval, approximately 1¼ times longer than broad, broadest at coxa II, surface smooth, sparsely covered in straight setae; precoxal triangles present, intercoxal sclerites present between all coxal pairs. Abdomen oval, as broad as or slightly broader than carapace, dorsal scutum absent in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FB80F934FB05F0F0" box="[1081,1198,1685,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1425,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[151,1436,1425,1871]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Dorsal habitus of Afrodrassex gen. nov. species: 7, 8. A. balrog sp. nov. female (7) and male (8); 9, 10. A. catharinae sp. nov. female (9) and male (10). Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsum with single pair of sigilla, usually indistinct; dorsum and sides densely covered in feathery setae, with scattered fine plumose setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FF67F97CFECBF0A8" box="[222,352,1757,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), venter only with fine plumose setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FCAEF97CFCC0F0A8" box="[791,875,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinnerets (only observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC62B30FB73F97CFA98F0A8" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[1226,1331,1757,1783]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balrog" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC62B30FB73F97CFA98F0A8" box="[1226,1331,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. balrog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC62B30FA83F97CFA3FF0A8" bold="true" box="[1338,1428,1757,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC62B30FA83F97CFA3FF0A8" box="[1338,1428,1757,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; spinnerets of male partly retracted and obscured by silk threads): ALS of female with two major ampullate gland spigots anteriorly, two large piriform gland spigots mesally, two slender modified piriform gland spigots lateral to anterior piriform gland spigot, and two tartipores posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FC81F8E8FC22F13C" box="[824,905,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
); PMS of female with two large minor ampullate gland spigots mesally, one small cylindrical gland spigot posteriorly, one tartipore, and five small aciniform gland spigots peripherally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FE3EF830FE77F1F4" box="[391,476,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
); PLS of female (partly retracted) with only one small minor ampullate gland spigot anteriorly, one large cylindrical gland spigot mesally, and three aciniform gland spigots posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FB46F814FAF8F190" box="[1279,1363,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
); ALS of male with only two large piriform gland spigots distinguishable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC62B30FC28F878FC4DF1AC" box="[913,998,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
); PMS of male with only one posterior minor ampullate gland spigot and three peripheral aciniform gland spigots distinguishable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC72B31FB1AF8A7FB53F17E" box="[1187,1272,1798,1825]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
); PLS of male with single large anterior minor ampullate gland spigot and two aciniform gland spigots distinguishable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC72B31FA82F88BFA3BF11A" box="[1339,1424,1834,1861]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–22" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-133@3.[151,1436,416,1797]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11–22. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (11–13, 16–19) and male (14, 15, 20– 22): 11. Carapace, dorsal view; 12. Eye region, anterior view; 13, 14. Same, dorsal view; 15. Dorsal abdominal setae; 16. Ventral (V) and lateral (L) abdominal setae; 17, 20. Anterior lateral spinnerets; 18, 21. Posterior median spinnerets; 19, 22. Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); mPi—modified piriform gland spigot(s); n—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141940/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg formula 4123 or 4213; legs densely covered in feathery setae, with scattered straight plumose setae between them, feathery setae sparse on tarsi; patellae with narrow indentation and small lyriform organ on retrolateral side, with single proximal and distal erect long seta dorsally on patellae III and IV that are usually missing, presumably easily damaged and lost during preservation; metatarsi with well-developed dorsal stopper distally; tarsi with sparse chemosensory setae, two pairs of dorsal trichobothria, oval tarsal organ and dense claw tufts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC72B31FB7FF87FFAE0F1A7" box="[1222,1355,2014,2040]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[151,1436,381,1411]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. male: 23. Tarsus III, dorsal view, indicating trichobothrium (TR) and tarsal organ (TO); 24. Tarsus I, indicating dorsal TR and chemosensory setae (CS); 25. Tarsus III, detail of tarsal organ; 26. Tarsus I, dorsal view, claws and claw tufts, arrowheads indicating teeth on tarsal claws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141942/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 23–26</figureCitation>
|
||
); tarsal claws with at least three small ventral teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FD21FF36FD45F6EE" box="[664,750,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-120@4.[151,1436,381,1411]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. male: 23. Tarsus III, dorsal view, indicating trichobothrium (TR) and tarsal organ (TO); 24. Tarsus I, indicating dorsal TR and chemosensory setae (CS); 25. Tarsus III, detail of tarsal organ; 26. Tarsus I, dorsal view, claws and claw tufts, arrowheads indicating teeth on tarsal claws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female epigyne with shallow paired ovoid atria, separated by median septum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FEC5FF1AFE7DF68A" box="[380,470,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FE5DFF1AFDA9F68A" box="[484,514,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–38" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,199,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1363]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–38. Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (34) and dorsal (35) views, and male palp in prolateral (36), ventral (37) and retrolateral (38) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141948/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FDA8FF1AFD9BF68A" box="[529,560,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–43" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,201,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 39–43. Afrodrassex catharinae sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (39) and dorsal (40) views, and male palp in prolateral (41), ventral (42) and retrolateral (43) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E— embolus; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141950/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">39</figureCitation>
|
||
), with atria frequently filled with secretory plugs; internally with extremely lengthened copulatory ducts, with spermathecae posteromedially positioned, with posteriorly-directed fertilization ducts. Male palpal femur and patella without apophyses, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08FB4D21FFC42B32FCD8FEA2FC52F742" authority="Haddad & Booysen, 2022" authorityName="Haddad & Booysen" authorityYear="2022" box="[865,1017,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Afrodrassex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC42B32FCD8FEA2FC52F742" box="[865,1017,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. catharinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FD8FEAB0FFC42B32FBB9FEA2FBF2F742" bold="true" box="[1024,1113,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6BC57CBFFC42B32FBB9FEA2FBF2F742" box="[1024,1113,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with a small ventral patellar denticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FF44FE86FED7F71E" box="[253,380,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–43" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,201,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 39–43. Afrodrassex catharinae sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (39) and dorsal (40) views, and male palp in prolateral (41), ventral (42) and retrolateral (43) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E— embolus; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141950/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
); palpal patella with retrolateral lyriform organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FC36FE86FC4AF71E" box="[911,993,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
); palpal tibia with retrolateral apophysis singular, variable in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FE7FFEEAFDB0F73A" box="[454,539,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FD9FFEEAFDEFF73A" box="[550,580,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–38" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,199,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1363]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–38. Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (34) and dorsal (35) views, and male palp in prolateral (36), ventral (37) and retrolateral (38) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141948/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">38</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FDF6FEEAFD3CF73A" box="[591,663,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–43" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,201,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 39–43. Afrodrassex catharinae sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (39) and dorsal (40) views, and male palp in prolateral (41), ventral (42) and retrolateral (43) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E— embolus; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141950/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
); cymbium narrower than tegulum, with dense setae distally on dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FF40FECEFEE4F7D6" box="[249,335,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
); tegulum generally ovoid, with slender embolus originating proximally or prolaterally; embolus free of subtegulum, associated basally with large membranous conductor; embolus extending towards or around distal end of tegulum, closely associated with prolateral groove in cymbium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FC42FE16FBE6F78E" box="[1019,1101,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
) and conductor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FAB5FE16FAF5F78E" box="[1292,1374,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
), and at its distal end with deep groove in apical tegular process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FC96FE7AFC1BF7AA" box="[815,944,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 27–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov. female (27) and male (28–33) genitalia: 27. Epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating copulatory opening; 28. Distal end of cymbium, retrolateral view; 29. Enlargement of palpal tibia, retrolateral view; 30. Right palp, prolateral-ventral view; 31. Right palp, ventral view; 32. Left palp, retrolateral view; 33. Left palp, ventro-apical view. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus; G—groove in ATP/cymbium/conductor; LO—lyriform organ; P—plug; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 30–33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FC02FE7AFBAFF7AA" box="[955,1028,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–38" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,199,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1363]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–38. Afrodrassex balrog sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (34) and dorsal (35) views, and male palp in prolateral (36), ventral (37) and retrolateral (38) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E—embolus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141948/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">36–38</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C02A27FFC42B32FBB6FE7AFBF1F7AA" box="[1039,1114,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–43" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,201,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 39–43. Afrodrassex catharinae sp. nov., female epigyne in ventral (39) and dorsal (40) views, and male palp in prolateral (41), ventral (42) and retrolateral (43) views. Abbreviations: ATP—anterior tegular process; C—conductor; E— embolus; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7141950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7141950/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">41–43</figureCitation>
|
||
); median apophysis absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |