472 lines
52 KiB
XML
472 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-9-e69374" ID-Pensoft-UUID="91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6" ModsDocID="1314-2828-9-e69374" checkinTime="1629125362331" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Verhaegen, Gerlien, Cimoli, Emiliano & Lindsay, Dhugal" docDate="2021" docId="F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 9: e69374" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 9" docPubDate="2021-08-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374" docTitle="Diplulmaris antarctica Maas 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6" lastPageNumber="69374" masterDocId="91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6" masterDocTitle="Life beneath the ice: jellyfish and ctenophores from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with an image-based training set for machine learning" masterLastPageNumber="69374" masterPageNumber="69374" pageNumber="69374" updateTime="1629125362331" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Life beneath the ice: jellyfish and ctenophores from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with an image-based training set for machine learning</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Verhaegen, Gerlien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-8112</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Advanced Science-Technology Research (ASTER) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gerlienverhaegen@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cimoli, Emiliano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-2716</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia & Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lindsay, Dhugal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-4744</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Advanced Science-Technology Research (ASTER) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-08-16</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>69374</mods:start>
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<mods:end>69374</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-9-e69374</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85" lastPageNumber="69374" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F78108EF-8A23-56DE-A942-D196AF641F85" authority="Maas, 1908" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1908" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Diplulmaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplulmaris antarctica" order="Beroida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="antarctica">Diplulmaris antarctica Maas, 1908</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Materials</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-16" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Video" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-16" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Video, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:54C44E20E7AA48C197CFDD71A08C08EB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
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:
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||
</emphasis>
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individualID: MCMEC2019_
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:6288DFD5B51BC64D52D64DBF98A39AC8" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
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_antarctica_a; lifeStage:
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||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">adult</specimenType>
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||
; associatedMedia: "http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993", "https://youtu.be/qKnd53wZVZo";
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:B884EFAC25654E6D834031213B5611C8" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
scientificName:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:746DEB753FFC559C8768B3B998488AE8" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
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antarctica; kingdom:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:B62C29CECBC07DC12712F35A12EA4B19" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
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||
; phylum:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:BCBDF89CDD9FCC142998BC7621501419" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</location>
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||
; class:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:66A331DB7F4A1907802AC015183251AE" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</location>
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||
; order:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:746A9271F8337D97A68E402EBF5E8D02" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Semaeostomeae">Semaeostomeae</location>
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||
; family:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:95C20C099738E076EB36C0EEC233A777" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ulmaridae">Ulmaridae</location>
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||
; genus:
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:FC25B02F77BECCECE59EC6E12FEF9933" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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||
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
continent:
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<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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||
; waterBody:
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||
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
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||
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
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||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
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||
; decimalLongitude:
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||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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||
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
identifiedBy:
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||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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||
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
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||
</determinerName>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
samplingProtocol:
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||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
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||
<collectorName>Sony Alpha</collectorName>
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||
7 III camera equipped with a FE
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
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||
F2.8
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||
<collectorName>Macro G</collectorName>
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||
OSS lens
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||
</collectingMethod>
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||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2019-11-16">2019-11-16</collectingDate>
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||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
type:
|
||
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName>Video</collectorName>
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||
; language: en; rightsHolder:
|
||
<collectorName>
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||
Emiliano Cimoli
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-30" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-30" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:93706A3902992F361971D72D2C3B7D66" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
individualID: MCMEC2019_
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:CCD44194BD412DA2B8F17D8E68F14688" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
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||
_antarctica_b; lifeStage:
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||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">juvenile</specimenType>
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||
; associatedMedia: "https://youtu.be/q9pcie-ri9M", "https://youtu.be/33EccdfSTh8", "https://youtu.be/kki0KyhFdUc";
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:3E3B4ED49543D2B08AA5C8A8C58518A9" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
scientificName:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:04A837F26D02B4E5DE621C4A8A68148E" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
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||
antarctica; kingdom:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:7550FDFC0B0985C2580452ADA6334181" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
|
||
; phylum:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:C0512D37C8486CEB63CBC8996C3DB53B" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</location>
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||
; class:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:B0838F4CD3F773F9C6F3987EDD8801DB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</location>
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||
; order:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:CE1A9186F0A046740A3B1C06E4AE9BFB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Semaeostomeae">Semaeostomeae</location>
|
||
; family:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:7BFA1656C9F1B0C5B2656505AD7C465F" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ulmaridae">Ulmaridae</location>
|
||
; genus:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:01D456958755182BF8EEDFE0C96E13E1" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
continent:
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; waterBody:
|
||
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
|
||
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
|
||
</determinerName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Sony Alpha</collectorName>
|
||
7 III camera equipped with a FE
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
|
||
F2.8
|
||
<collectorName>Macro G</collectorName>
|
||
OSS lens
|
||
</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2019-11-30">2019-11-30</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
type:
|
||
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
|
||
; language: en; rightsHolder:
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Emiliano Cimoli
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-01-12" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Video, Emiliano Cimoli" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-01-12" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Video, Emiliano Cimoli" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:61DC0BD8D1DB40129B42AD939720A916" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
individualID: MCMEC2019_
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:14CDCD2BF623ADA7DC8AE9AB29828052" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
|
||
_antarctica_c; lifeStage:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">juvenile</specimenType>
|
||
; associatedMedia: "http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993", "https://youtu.be/pLlGoqwDZMs", "https://youtu.be/4PbHRjs4JVQ", "https://youtu.be/fh1rmQ_piZ8", "https://youtu.be/9MZ2BrZBLvE", "https://youtu.be/ce7Rvhf_8rw", "https://youtu.be/4XyQIQw04vs", "https://youtu.be/qDyH3_mnVBs", "https://youtu.be/NYDEDKs8PR0", "https://youtu.be/6EMBHjnJ7cU";
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:A7B3070DB14437996F432D6A51633F93" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
scientificName:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:AAE38F00345A95EF917DE2965A1F0158" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
|
||
antarctica; kingdom:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:8DA9405591C9A64F465D20EE464E0AC3" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
|
||
; phylum:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:0C32080B20FF6D7CDF4EFBA82F342AC7" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</location>
|
||
; class:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:73F7A05ED83B0B3CDA1AA7638D37D001" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Hydrozoa">Hydrozoa</location>
|
||
; order:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:990603BF02631000F26F01C7C0A8AF2C" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Semaeostomeae">Semaeostomeae</location>
|
||
; family:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:80CF1C338B8382CCD38C158B0A746757" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ulmaridae">Ulmaridae</location>
|
||
; genus:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F78108EF8A2356DEA942D196AF641F85:F95A194F3A876D35ED272EA6C48E4C41" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Diplulmaris">Diplulmaris</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
continent:
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; waterBody:
|
||
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
|
||
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
|
||
</determinerName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Sony Alpha</collectorName>
|
||
7 III camera equipped with a FE
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
|
||
F2.8
|
||
<collectorName>Macro G</collectorName>
|
||
OSS lens
|
||
</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2019-01-12">2019-12-01</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
type:
|
||
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Video</collectorName>
|
||
; language: en; rightsHolder:
|
||
<collectorName>Emiliano Cimoli</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
Southern Ocean: off Anvers Island, Antarctic Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="Siboga- Expeditie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050417" refString="Maas, O, 1908. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905)." title="Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905)" year="1908">Maas 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Ross Sea (USNM 53827, 58897) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, Ronald J." journalOrPublisher="Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048758" refString="Larson, Ronald J., 1986. . Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series 41" volume="41" year="1986">Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B7050623" refString="Browne, E T, 1910. Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. Natural History 5: 1 - 62" title="Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904" volume="5" year="1910">Browne 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and north of Ross Sea (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="62.408" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-62.408">62.408°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.608" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-159.608">159.608°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, USNM 58895), Bellingshausen Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, Ronald J." journalOrPublisher="Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048758" refString="Larson, Ronald J., 1986. . Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series 41" volume="41" year="1986">Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, Ronald J." journalOrPublisher="Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048758" refString="Larson, Ronald J., 1986. . Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series 41" volume="41" year="1986">Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), off Dumont
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Urville">d'Urville</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thiebot, Jean Baptiste" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 8" refId="B7049172" refString="Thiebot, Jean Baptiste, Ito, Kentaro, Raclot, Thierry, Poupart, Timothi¿1/2e, Kato, Akiko, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Takahashi, Akinori, 2016. On the significance of Antarctic jellyfish as food for Adelie penguins, as revealed by video loggers. Marine Biology 163 (5): 1 - 8" title="On the significance of Antarctic jellyfish as food for Adelie penguins, as revealed by video loggers" volume="163" year="2016">Thiebot et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Toda, Ryoji" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="269 - 289" refId="B7048558" refString="Toda, Ryoji, Lindsay, Dhugal J., Fuentes, Veronica L., Moteki, Masato, 2014. Community structure of pelagic cnidarians off Adelie Land, East Antarctica, during austral summer 2008. Polar Biology 37 (2): 269 - 289" title="Community structure of pelagic cnidarians off Adelie Land, East Antarctica, during austral summer 2008" volume="37" year="2014">Toda et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Gauss Station (as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityYear="1908" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Ulmaropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmaropsis drygalskii" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="drygalskii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Ulmaropsis drygalskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoeffen, E" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Suedpolar-Expedition" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="25 - 49" refId="B7048749" refString="Vanhoeffen, E, 1908. Die Lucernariden und Skyphomedusen der Deutschen Suedpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Suedpolar-Expedition 10: 25 - 49" title="Die Lucernariden und Skyphomedusen der Deutschen Suedpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903." volume="10" year="1908">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vanhöffen">Vanhoeffen</normalizedToken>
|
||
1908
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), off cape Adare (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B7050623" refString="Browne, E T, 1910. Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. Natural History 5: 1 - 62" title="Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904" volume="5" year="1910">Browne 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in Prydz Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Centre, Australian Antarctic Data" journalOrPublisher="OBIS" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050047" refString="Centre, Australian Antarctic Data, 2018. RMT Trawl catch from the 1980/81 V5 FIBEX voyage. OBIS" title="RMT Trawl catch from the 1980 / 81 V 5 FIBEX voyage" year="2018">Australian Antarctic Data Centre 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hosie, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Antarctic Data Centre" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7049786" refString="Hosie, G, 1999. Aurora Australis Voyage 6 (AAMBER2) 1990-91 Zooplankton Data. Australian Antarctic Data Centre" title="Aurora Australis Voyage 6 (AAMBER 2) 1990 - 91 Zooplankton Data" year="1999">Hosie 1999b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hosie, G" journalOrPublisher="Australian Antarctic Data Centre" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7049778" refString="Hosie, G, 1999. Aurora Australis Voyage 7 (KROCK) 1992-93 Zooplankton Data. Australian Antarctic Data Centre" title="Aurora Australis Voyage 7 (KROCK) 1992 - 93 Zooplankton Data" year="1999">Hosie 1999a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although also reported from Madagascar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richmond, Matthew D" journalOrPublisher="Sida / Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048625" refString="Richmond, Matthew D, 1997. A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands. Sida/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC" title="A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands" year="1997">Richmond 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Indo-Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7084848" refString="van der Land J UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO) http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ 2021-01-01T00:00:00+02:00" year="1928">van der Land 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), these records are deemed unreliable and were probably misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stiasny" authorityYear="1935" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Diplulmaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplulmaris malayensis" order="Beroida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Diplulmaris malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stiasny, 1935.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Notes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
Original description after
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="Siboga- Expeditie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050417" refString="Maas, O, 1908. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905)." title="Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905)" year="1908">Maas (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F7048121" captionText="Figure 8. Juvenile Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description (modified from Maas 1908) of a juvenile specimen (diameter 15 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Drawing of a specimen in an early (left) and more advanced (right) ephyra stage from the Ross Sea, Antarctica (modified from Browne 1910); C-E. Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ b observed on 30 / 11 / 2019: apico-lateral view (C), lateral view (D), apico-lateral view when contracted (E) and apical view (F). G-H Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ c observed on 1 / 12 / 2019: apical view (G) and oral-lateral view (H). C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538694" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">8</figureCitation>
|
||
A,Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F7048125" captionText="Figure 9. Adult Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description by Maas (1908) of a bell portion of an adult specimen (diameter 35 - 40 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Photography of sub-umbrella view of the gastrovascular canals of a specimen (diameter 18 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); C-D. Drawing of the sub-umbrella view of a specimen (diameter 10 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); E-F. Sub-umbrella (E) and apicular (F) views of an adult specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019 eating a Beroe sp. Gv: gastrovascular canal, rc: ring canal, rh: rhopalium, te: tentacle. E-F photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541678" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">9</figureCitation>
|
||
A): medusa with 16 rhopalia, 16 tentacles and 32 marginal lappets, regularly alternating, with narrow canals, ramified at the periphery, connected through a circular canal.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Early stage</emphasis>
|
||
(15 mm diameter) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F7048121" captionText="Figure 8. Juvenile Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description (modified from Maas 1908) of a juvenile specimen (diameter 15 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Drawing of a specimen in an early (left) and more advanced (right) ephyra stage from the Ross Sea, Antarctica (modified from Browne 1910); C-E. Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ b observed on 30 / 11 / 2019: apico-lateral view (C), lateral view (D), apico-lateral view when contracted (E) and apical view (F). G-H Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ c observed on 1 / 12 / 2019: apical view (G) and oral-lateral view (H). C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538694" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">8</figureCitation>
|
||
A): short manubrium, with quadrangular basal part more developed than its lips, the latter with little incisions, interradial arcs carrying the gastric filaments highly visible, also indicating the radius of the gonads, recognisable by a notch of the sub-umbrella with ectoderm and endoderm. Gastro-vascular system not consisting of pockets, but of real canals, due to the width of the merging anastomoses (i.e.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cathamnes”">"cathamnes"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the original French version). Two types of canals extend from the coronal base of the stomach (i.e. "basigaster coronaire"), distinctively separated at their origin: the canals in the radius of the 16 rhopalia and those in the radius of the tentacles, the former being separated close to their origins by anastomoses into a larger principal radial canal and into two lateral canals. The canals in the radius of the tentacles are divided into eight larger canals, similar to the canals in the axis of the rhopalia, with these eight canals being narrower in the axis of the less-developed tentacles compared to those in the axis of the largest tentacles. All those radial canals are reunited by a narrow continuous circular canal, which does not extend into the lappets themselves. The 16 statocysts are typically club-shaped and regularly placed. Of the 16 tentacles, eight are large and of equal size, the other eight are smaller and of inequal size. The bell margin is incised into 16 large primary lappets at the radius of the tentacles, with these incisions being the deepest in the radius of the eight large tentacles, whereas the eight other incisions at the smaller tentacles are shallower and more unequal, with some barely incised at all. The 16 incisions in the radius of the statocysts are shallower, but of equal depth, dividing each primary lappet into two secondary ones.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Adult stage</emphasis>
|
||
(35-40 mm diameter, description based on one quadrant) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F7048125" captionText="Figure 9. Adult Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description by Maas (1908) of a bell portion of an adult specimen (diameter 35 - 40 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Photography of sub-umbrella view of the gastrovascular canals of a specimen (diameter 18 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); C-D. Drawing of the sub-umbrella view of a specimen (diameter 10 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); E-F. Sub-umbrella (E) and apicular (F) views of an adult specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019 eating a Beroe sp. Gv: gastrovascular canal, rc: ring canal, rh: rhopalium, te: tentacle. E-F photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541678" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">9</figureCitation>
|
||
A): the incisions are more or less equal and the difference in size amongst tentacles is less marked. The disc grew mainly in the area located between the stomach and the periphery of the lappets. The canals were elongated and became single lanes of communication between the central sinus and the peripherical network, the latter being formed due to the increased complexity of the canal branches without significant growth, the mesh becoming, therefore, more irregular. Gonads more distinct. Type locality: Antarctica, off Anvers Island (during the French Antarctic Expedition with the "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
" vessel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
Additional information from specimens from the Southern Ocean: from
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Gauss Station</emphasis>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityYear="1908" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Ulmaropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmaropsis drygalskii" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="drygalskii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Ulmaropsis drygalskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vanhoeffen, E" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Suedpolar-Expedition" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="25 - 49" refId="B7048749" refString="Vanhoeffen, E, 1908. Die Lucernariden und Skyphomedusen der Deutschen Suedpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Suedpolar-Expedition 10: 25 - 49" title="Die Lucernariden und Skyphomedusen der Deutschen Suedpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903." volume="10" year="1908">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vanhöffen">Vanhoeffen</normalizedToken>
|
||
1908
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), description matching with the original of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="Siboga- Expeditie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050417" refString="Maas, O, 1908. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905)." title="Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905)" year="1908">Maas (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 96 bases of canals leaving the stomach.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Meta-ephyra stage</emphasis>
|
||
: for medusa of 15 mm diameter, the beginning of the formation of lateral canals emerging from the canal in the axis of the rhopalia can be observed, at 17 mm diameter, these lateral canals are more defined and, by 22 mm diameter, two pairs of lateral canals are present, although the anastomoses for these canals are still missing; from the
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Ross Sea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 62" refId="B7050623" refString="Browne, E T, 1910. Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. Natural History 5: 1 - 62" title="Coelenterata V. Medusae. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904" volume="5" year="1910">Browne 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F7048121" captionText="Figure 8. Juvenile Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description (modified from Maas 1908) of a juvenile specimen (diameter 15 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Drawing of a specimen in an early (left) and more advanced (right) ephyra stage from the Ross Sea, Antarctica (modified from Browne 1910); C-E. Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ b observed on 30 / 11 / 2019: apico-lateral view (C), lateral view (D), apico-lateral view when contracted (E) and apical view (F). G-H Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ c observed on 1 / 12 / 2019: apical view (G) and oral-lateral view (H). C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538694" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">8</figureCitation>
|
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B),
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">ephyra stage</emphasis>
|
||
(smallest 4-5 mm in diameter), with 16 fairly long arms divided into two flat lobes, 32 straight unbranched radial canals, 16 of which directly run from the stomach to the rhopalia and alternating with 16 in the axis of the tentacles, the latter developed slightly later than the rhopalial canals. Tentacles in rudimentary stage, either as bulb-like buds, tapering elongated buds or minute tentacles. In the smallest ephyra, only four of those tentacular buds present and an additional 12 buds develop, in irregular intervals and without any definite order, as the medusa grows. Stomach small and circular, with four gastric filaments (number increasing as medusa grows), with one filament in each group much longer than the others in the early developmental stages. Mouth simple large opening, without any definite lips or arms, which appear later. Ex-umbrella covered with small clusters of nematocysts, which, in later stages, will be confined to the aboral side of the marginal lobes. Circular canal formed by outgrowths from the radial canals and formed before the branches of the rhopaliar canals begin to develop.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Meta-ephyra stage</emphasis>
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(15-25 mm diameter) similar to
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="Siboga- Expeditie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050417" refString="Maas, O, 1908. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905)." title="Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905)" year="1908">Maas (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Adult stage</emphasis>
|
||
(three specimens of diameter between 60-75 mm, none of which were complete), umbrella thin, margin of the mouth studded with warts and short protuberances containing nematocysts, stomach is a flat circular cavity (size 2/3 of umbrella diameter), covered in a moderately thick layer of mesoglea on its lower side. Radial canals as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="Siboga- Expeditie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050417" refString="Maas, O, 1908. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905)." title="Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905)" year="1908">Maas (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Gonads narrow band on the outer side of the gastric filaments, protruding from the stomach and hanging down from the sub-umbrella and becoming broader and sinuously folded when further developed. Tentacles hollow and laterally compressed, especially in their basal portions, but the distal portion is rounder and tapers off to a slender tip. Along the whole inner side of the tentacle runs a band, closely studded with nematocyst clusters. In fully-grown tentacles, the inner cavity has transverse folds. Number of rhopalia and tentacles same as
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, O" journalOrPublisher="Siboga- Expeditie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7050417" refString="Maas, O, 1908. Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903-1905)." title="Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1903 - 1905)" year="1908">Maas (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Rhopalia not well-protected, situated on the wall of the niche formed by the marginal lobes and pointing upwards to the aboral side of the umbrella. Rhopaliar canal, leading from the circular canal to the sense organs, broad and flat. Over the rhopaliar canal and on the surface of the umbrella, a small patch of darkly-coloured cells is present, forming a rudimentary dorsal sensory pit, which is occasionally absent. Ex-umbrella side of marginal lobes covered in numerous warts containing nematocysts. Lobes show slight variation in shape and fill up the space between the sense organs and the tentacles; from the
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Bellingshausen Sea</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Ross Sea</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Davis Sea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Larson, Ronald J." journalOrPublisher="Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048758" refString="Larson, Ronald J., 1986. . Biology of the Antarctic Seas, XVI. Antarctic Research Series 41" volume="41" year="1986">Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F7048125" captionText="Figure 9. Adult Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description by Maas (1908) of a bell portion of an adult specimen (diameter 35 - 40 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Photography of sub-umbrella view of the gastrovascular canals of a specimen (diameter 18 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); C-D. Drawing of the sub-umbrella view of a specimen (diameter 10 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); E-F. Sub-umbrella (E) and apicular (F) views of an adult specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019 eating a Beroe sp. Gv: gastrovascular canal, rc: ring canal, rh: rhopalium, te: tentacle. E-F photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541678" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">9</figureCitation>
|
||
B-D), adult stage (bell diameters 90-180 mm), umbrella mesoglea thin, ex-umbrella smooth, rounded or pointed marginal lappets, 16 rhopalia alternating with 1-3 marginal tentacles. Tentacles (number between 16 and 48), laterally compressed, with abaxial nematocyst warts along their length. Four oral arms, frilled, curtain-like, length ca. equal to bell diameter, lip margin studded with nematocyst papillae. Four gonads, everted and sac-like. Gastrovascular canals between 32-96. Rhopaliar canals 16, with 1-5 interjacent tentacular canals between each rhopalium. All canals proximally unbranched for inner 1/2- 2/3 of length, distally anastomosing in an irregular network. Ring canal near umbrella margin. Colour: umbrella colourless, tentacles whitish, gastrodermis of stomach and of oral arms reddish-orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
Additional information from specimens from outside the Southern Ocean: to our knowledge, no specimens have been described outside the Southern Ocean. The records from Madagascar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richmond, Matthew D" journalOrPublisher="Sida / Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048625" refString="Richmond, Matthew D, 1997. A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands. Sida/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC" title="A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands" year="1997">Richmond 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Indo-Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7084848" refString="van der Land J UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO) http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ 2021-01-01T00:00:00+02:00" year="1928">van der Land 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are not accompanied by photographs or morphological descriptions and, although the sketch/illustration of "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1908" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Diplulmaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplulmaris antarctica" order="Beroida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Diplulmaris antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richmond, Matthew D" journalOrPublisher="Sida / Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048625" refString="Richmond, Matthew D, 1997. A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands. Sida/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC" title="A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands" year="1997">Richmond (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows the characters of the genus, both records are deemed mis-identifcations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stiasny" authorityYear="1935" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Diplulmaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplulmaris malayensis" order="Beroida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Diplulmaris malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stiasny, 1935, or another presently undescribed congener. Expatriation of Southern Ocean species is not unknown, so further surveys in southern Africa, Chile or New Zealand should carefully investigate the species-specific characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
|
||
Comments on observed material: N = 3 in 2019 [two juveniles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F7048121" captionText="Figure 8. Juvenile Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description (modified from Maas 1908) of a juvenile specimen (diameter 15 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Drawing of a specimen in an early (left) and more advanced (right) ephyra stage from the Ross Sea, Antarctica (modified from Browne 1910); C-E. Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ b observed on 30 / 11 / 2019: apico-lateral view (C), lateral view (D), apico-lateral view when contracted (E) and apical view (F). G-H Juvenile specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ c observed on 1 / 12 / 2019: apical view (G) and oral-lateral view (H). C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538694" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">8</figureCitation>
|
||
G-H) and one adult specimen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F7048125" captionText="Figure 9. Adult Diplulmaris antarctica. A. Drawing from the original description by Maas (1908) of a bell portion of an adult specimen (diameter 35 - 40 mm), oral view, from off Anvers Island, Antarctica; B. Photography of sub-umbrella view of the gastrovascular canals of a specimen (diameter 18 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); C-D. Drawing of the sub-umbrella view of a specimen (diameter 10 cm) from McMurdo Sound (Operation Deep Freeze II station 61 - D) (Larson 1986); E-F. Sub-umbrella (E) and apicular (F) views of an adult specimen MCMEC 2019 _ Diplulmaris _ antarctica _ a observed on 16 / 11 / 2019 eating a Beroe sp. Gv: gastrovascular canal, rc: ring canal, rh: rhopalium, te: tentacle. E-F photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541678" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">9</figureCitation>
|
||
E-F), based on the ramification of peripheral canals]. Bell diameter of one juvenile specimen, ca. 50 mm; ex-umbrella covered in warts and cnidocysts, these warts being large and pointy in young medusa and smaller and rounder in the adult specimen; dorsal surface of marginal lappets covered in cnidocysts; transparent tubular gastric filaments rooted at the four corners of the manubrium; gastrodermis of adult orange; oral arms transparent, length ca. same as bell radius, with frilled edges; tentacles white with yellow segmented dorsal side; hyperiids attached to ex-umbrella; small transparent
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller" authorityYear="1776" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mertensiidae" genus="Beroe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beroe" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Beroe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in stomach of adult specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |