252 lines
33 KiB
XML
252 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="6A0D42EDB97A0231424A31C25E3EA00A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4ebb109-be13-4bab-83c4-4459eb6c0d5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="247019" ID-ZooBank="7E15141A-8346-4144-80B4-E97E51BA5287" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460699800272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Noreika, Remigijus & Schuster, Jack" docDate="2013" docId="D22287B2C270D221FF206689F8CA7FB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03737p117.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3737 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="2E1BFFCAC27BD22FFFB76657FA4D7E62" masterDocTitle="Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1698354308605" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="046B34A91728F77645C42BB3B7374D9B">Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3008D2C39A80CA8DAC0BEB1C774DAFE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="043537DAEA3825294880D55D9C5627AF">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A84B751F02B56A03596A9BD49A4640D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FA092FAC5F0EFB075355D309D56482B3">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F82EF2902ADE7549FDA8F2FB632C7725">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="59543F00607BC410E99D1D61930AED5E">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC32B38EA1444B6CB3534720B25D471F">Noreika, Remigijus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6422C1173C6E97EC1F677962D7C471C1">Schuster, Jack</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CFC6BD99428A908B3B1D00F746E67C0E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3569584BD94D4EA35A8D25BDDF4AD021">
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<mods:date id="B6B6C6ADDD10A7FE9FC7A651AEE1005A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7207F1A42FB842B2934C4A3110B57DFF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="75995E7FB3FD09F53E62ECB5F78FC56D">3737</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="028DB47A5AE9583B3F6F32B0AEA20520">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="93AA76D46849BD024D2C3CCB679F9A89">101</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="7CA6E14BD5868D9347F35D85B923B0EE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B08BFA587D6F3A8A4E5C2432EADE34D0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A987542F417C2A5AA7732727B9505652" type="Zenodo-Dep">247019</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2030B1C5B87E956B097141CB28EE4021" type="ZooBank">7E15141A-8346-4144-80B4-E97E51BA5287</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D22287B2C270D221FF206689F8CA7FB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6162143" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119582718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6162143" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D22287B2C270D221FF206689F8CA7FB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D22287B2C270D221FF206689F8CA7FB2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="1291652FC270D224FF206689F8F37F3D" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF206689F8CB7E9A" blockId="11.[151,646,222,282]" box="[151,646,222,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="017C81C8C270D224FF206689F8CB7E9A" bold="true" box="[151,646,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C270D224FF206689F8CB7E9A" ID-CoL="52M9V" authority="Puplesis & Robinson" authorityName="Puplesis & Robinson" box="[151,646,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF206689F8CB7E9A" bold="true" box="[151,646,222,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF206689FB367E9A" bold="true" box="[151,379,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Stigmella pruinosa</emphasis>
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Puplesis & Robinson
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF206756FB6A7F78" blockId="11.[151,646,222,282]" box="[151,295,257,282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C270D224FF286756FB527F78" box="[159,287,257,282]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStart-1="FIGURES 55 – 58" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1432,265,1827]" captionTargetBox-1="[201,1427,192,1750]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[151,1436,265,1829]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[167,1431,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 48 – 54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G uazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 55 – 58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA 477. Scale 250 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/247028/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Figs 48–58</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF20671EF8F37F3D" blockId="11.[151,702,329,351]" box="[151,702,329,351]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C270D224FF20671EF8DE7F3D" authority="Puplesis & Robinson 2000: 38" authorityName="Puplesis & Robinson" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,659,329,351]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF20671EFB1B7F3D" box="[151,342,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Stigmella pruinosa</emphasis>
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Puplesis & Robinson 2000: 38
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</taxonomicName>
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, 39.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1291652FC270D224FF2067DBF8797CA6" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF2067DBF8797CA6" blockId="11.[151,1437,396,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF2067DBFB357FC7" bold="true" box="[151,376,396,421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="229C7634C270D224FE3167DBF8747FC6" box="[390,569,396,420]" name="Guatemala" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<specimenCount id="4C8DFD2DC270D224FDF467DBF8287FC6" box="[579,613,396,420]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
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(only genitalia from developed pupae, no pinned adults/moths available), 1♀, Petén Region, El Caoba,
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<geoCoordinate id="3FBF5063C270D224FE5567E7F80C7FAA" box="[482,577,432,456]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" precision="925" value="17.0">17°00'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3FBF5063C270D224FDFA67E7F8FD7FAA" box="[589,688,432,456]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" precision="925" value="-89.666664">89°40'W</geoCoordinate>
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, mining larvae on
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<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C270D224FC3667F8F9B97FAA" box="[897,1012,431,456]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
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, elevation ca.
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<quantity id="9D739B41C270D224FB2467E7FE907FA5" box="[1171,1245,432,456]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="2E351064C270D224FB5E67F8FF107FAA" box="[1257,1373,431,456]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="2012-02-14">14.ii.2012</date>
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, field card no. 5121, LT-GT Scientific Expedition, genitalia slides nos RA477, RA493, RA494) (ZMUC).
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<collectingCountry id="229C7634C270D224FABF6782FF207F8E" box="[1288,1389,469,492]" name="Belize" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">BELIZE</collectingCountry>
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:
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<specimenCount id="4C8DFD2DC270D224FACE6783FFD67F8E" box="[1401,1435,468,492]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
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(
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<typeStatus id="85308806C270D224FF2967A0FB4F7C72" box="[158,258,503,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="85308806C270D224FEF467AFFBE57C72" box="[323,424,504,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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), Cayo District, Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Las Cuevas, secondary forest close to Las Cuevas Research Station,
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<date id="2E351064C270D224FE76644BF81E7C57" box="[449,595,540,565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="1998-04-03" valueMax="1998-04-16" valueMin="1998-04-03">3–16.iv.1998</date>
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(R. Puplesis & S. Hill), genitalia slide no. 29124 (BMNH);
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<specimenCount id="4C8DFD2DC270D224FABB644BFF7C7C56" box="[1292,1329,540,564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="generic">9♂</specimenCount>
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, 7♀, San Ignacio, disturbed secondary lowland moist tropical forest at town edge,
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<date id="2E351064C270D224FC546468FECE7C3A" box="[995,1155,575,600]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="1989-04-17" valueMax="1989-04-18" valueMin="1989-04-17">17–18.iv.1989</date>
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(R. Puplesis & S. Hill), genitalia slide no. 29126♀ (BMNH);
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<specimenCount id="4C8DFD2DC270D224FDF66433F82B7C1E" box="[577,614,612,636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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, Pook's Hill Nature Reserve (S of Teakettle Village), secondary lowland moist tropical forest close to main camp,
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<date id="2E351064C270D224FDD164D0F94B7CC2" box="[614,774,647,672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="1998-04-28" valueMax="1998-04-29" valueMin="1998-04-28">28–29.iv.1998</date>
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(R. Puplesis & S. Hill), genitalia slide no. AD0308 (LUES with future re-deposition at BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1291652FC270D224FF706498FE0F7BF6" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF706498FFD47D1A" blockId="11.[151,1437,396,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF706498FB0C7C8A" bold="true" box="[199,321,719,744]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A very distinctive small, brown-winged
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<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C270D224FCBA6487F93B7C8A" box="[781,886,720,744]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FCBA6487F93B7C8A" box="[781,886,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Stigmella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species characterized by the whitish androconial scales on the upper side of the male forewing, and by the androconial patch on the hindwing (comprising black and whitish scales). According Puplesis & Robinson (2000) some general features of the male genitalia (especially gnathos, transtilla and aedeagus) suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C270D224FD0E656BF9737D36" box="[697,830,828,852]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FD0E656BF9737D36" box="[697,830,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">S. pruinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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might be related to the
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FBDD656BFF4A7D36" box="[1130,1287,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">oxyacanthella</emphasis>
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group (=
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FA30656BFFD87D31" box="[1415,1429,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF206537FB007D1A" box="[151,333,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">crataegifoliella-</emphasis>
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group,
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FE2B6536FB977D1A" box="[412,474,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">sensu</emphasis>
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Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979) which is very widely distributed in the Holarctic Region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF7065D3FE0F7BF6" blockId="11.[151,1437,396,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF7065D3FB497DFF" bold="true" box="[199,260,900,925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Male</emphasis>
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. Forewing length:
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<quantity id="9D739B41C270D224FE6A65D3F8247DFE" box="[477,617,900,925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
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. Wingspan:
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<quantity id="9D739B41C270D224FD4165D3F9CF7DFE" box="[758,898,900,924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.7 mm</quantity>
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. Head: palpi cream to grey; frontal tuft usually pale yellow to yellow-orange, occasionally pale orange-ochre; collar whitish or pale cream; eye-caps cream to yellow-cream or grey-cream; antenna brown to dark brown (occasionally pale brown) but brownish cream or whitish on basal part of flagellum and underside, ca. 19–27 segments. Thorax and tegulae brown, sometimes dark brown. Forewing relatively narrow, brown to dark brown with weak gold (not in all examples), occasionally bronze lustre; sometimes with very weak purplish lustre. Forewing with very numerous long and slender grey-white androconial scales on upperside, densely covering entire median area of wing and extending across the width; size of androconial patch may vary considerably from one-third to one-half length of forewing, but base and apex of wing always lack androconia. Cilia brown, usually paler at tips. Underside of forewing brownish, without androconial scales. Hindwing brownish (or grey) with very distinct androconial patch on basal one-third to twofifths; oval androconial patch comprised mainly of deep black scales, but with numerous elongate whitish androconia scattered along middle of patch. Black and whitish androconial scales overlap cilia for one-fifth of their length. Cilia brown. Underside of hindwing brown, without androconia. Legs cream with brown to dark grey lateral shading. Abdomen brown to dark brown on upper side, brownish cream on underside; anal tufts indistinct, cream; scaling of anal plates (i.e. genital segments, mainly valvae) brownish cream.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1291652FC270D222FF7063C8FF5D798E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF7063C8FF257862" blockId="11.[151,1437,396,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF7063C8FB537BDA" bold="true" box="[199,286,1439,1464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Female</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C270D224FE8563C8FBC67BDA" box="[306,395,1439,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,265,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,265,1829]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G uazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna ca. 18 segments. Forewing entirely brown, without greyish white androconial scales; generally paler than in males, but with some overlap – a few females are darker than the palest males (Puplesis & Robinson 2000). Hindwing without androconial patch, entirely brown. Otherwise similar to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D224FF70605BF80B790A" blockId="11.[151,1437,396,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF70605BFB3C7847" bold="true" box="[199,369,1548,1573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C270D224FE37605BF84E7847" box="[384,515,1548,1573]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 58" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[201,1427,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[167,1431,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA 477. Scale 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247028/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Figs 55–57</figureCitation>
|
||
). Capsule 195–230 µm long. Uncus with two strongly sclerotized, quadrate lateral lobes and U-shaped caudal emargination between the lobes. Tegumen band-shaped, slightly extended caudally. Gnathos with two posterior and two anterior processes on well-developed relatively broad transverse bar (central plate); anterior processes one-third longer than posterior ones and twice as widely spaced; lateral arms short. Valva ca. 90–122 µm long, gradually narrowed posteriorly, with small pointed, inturned apical process. Transtilla with well developed transverse bar, rounded laterally, without sublatera1 processes. Vinculum relatively large, with broad emargination anteriorly and with triangular lateral lobes. Aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C270D224FC5C60B3FE73789F" box="[1003,1086,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 58" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[201,1427,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[167,1431,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA 477. Scale 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247028/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
) very large, 210–260 µm long (i.e. longer or considerable longer than genital capsu1e), 60–80 µm broad, without apical carinae. Vesica with numerous tiny spine-like cornuti and long row of considerably larger cornuti in apical third; the latter sometime weakly sclerotized and inconspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C270D223FF706123F9767EB7" blockId="11.[151,1437,396,2005]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1435,151,213]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C270D224FF706123FBC079EF" bold="true" box="[199,397,1908,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C270D224FE2B6123FBBC79EF" box="[412,497,1908,1933]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 58" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[201,1427,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[167,1431,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA 477. Scale 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247028/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tota1 length 570–717 µm. Abdominal tip not considerably narrowed. Apophyses posteriores and apophyses anteriores almost same length (up to 160 µm), but apophyses anteriores more slender. Vestibulum narrow. Caudal part of corpus bursae broad, slightly wrinkled or not wrinkled; remaining larger part of corpus bursae elongate, without pectinations or signae. Accessory sac small, rounded, weakly separated from bursa; ductus spermathecae with about 2.5–3 coils (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C277D223FD6D66EBF9637EB7" box="[730,814,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 58" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[201,1427,192,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[167,1431,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 58. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA 493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA 477. Scale 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0EF4662CC277D223FF20616EFE7C79EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" targetBox="[153,1432,265,1827]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C277D223FF20616EFE7C79EF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1849,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C277D223FF20616EFB18792D" bold="true" box="[151,341,1849,1872]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">FIGURES 48–54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C277D223FEEB616DF94F7932" authority="Puplesis & Robinson." authorityName="Puplesis & Robinson." box="[348,770,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C277D223FEEB616DF8517932" box="[348,540,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Stigmella pruinosa</emphasis>
|
||
Puplesis & Robinson.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C277D223FBB4610DFEFF790D" box="[1027,1202,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
|
||
uazuma
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C277D223FBE0610EFEFF790D" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[1111,1202,1881,1903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Guazuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulmifolia">ulmifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lam.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C277D223FB4E610EFF26790D" box="[1273,1387,1881,1903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0EF4662CC276D222FF2060B1F9707958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247028/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" targetBox="[201,1427,192,1750]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C276D222FF2060B1F9707958" blockId="13.[151,1436,1766,1850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C276D222FF2060B1FB18789E" bold="true" box="[151,341,1766,1789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">FIGURES 55–58.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C276D222FEEC60B0F94C789F" authority="Puplesis & Robinson." authorityName="Puplesis & Robinson." box="[347,769,1767,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C276D222FEEC60B0F856789F" box="[347,539,1767,1789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Stigmella pruinosa</emphasis>
|
||
Puplesis & Robinson.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
55, male genitalia, capsule, genitalia slide no. RA494. Scale 100 µm; 56, same, aedeagus. Scale 100 µm; 57, general view with aedeagus inside capsule, genitalia slide no. RA493. Scale 100 µm; 58, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. RA477. Scale 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C276D222FF706130FF5D798E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1895,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C276D222FF706130FB0779E2" bold="true" box="[199,330,1895,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Mines in leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C276D222FD91613FF99F79E2" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[550,978,1895,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Guazuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulmifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C276D222FD91613FF8B0791D" box="[550,765,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Guazuma ulmifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Lam. (Malvaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C276D222FBAA6130FED279E2" box="[1053,1183,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,265,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,265,1829]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G uazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Figs 50–52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Egg on upper side of the leaf. Larvae mine in January and February. Sinuous gallery of mine filled with blackish frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C276D222FB4661DCFF0B79C6" box="[1265,1350,1931,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,265,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,265,1829]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G uazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva deep green, with brownish green intestine. Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon beige-cream; length 1.4, maximal width
|
||
<quantity id="9D739B41C276D222FECF6183FB837989" box="[376,462,2004,2028]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C276D222FE6A6184F87C798E" box="[477,561,2003,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,265,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,265,1829]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G uazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults emerged in March; adults also collected at light in April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1291652FC275D221FF7066C0F8617F07" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C275D221FF7066C0F8617F07" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C275D221FF7066C0FB147ED2" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C2B02A21C275D221FEDA66C0FB8B7ED2" box="[365,454,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1849,1872]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,265,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,265,1829]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis & Robinson. 48, currently known distribution; 49, habitat, lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest near El Remate, Petén Region; 50, 51, host-plant (G uazuma ulmifolia Lam., Malvaceae); 52, leaf-mine; 53, cocoon. Scale 1 mm. 54, female adult, Petén Dept., Guatemala. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247027/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is possibly widespread and common in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="229C7634C275D221FBFE66C0FED87ED2" box="[1097,1173,151,176]" name="Belize" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
: the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C275D221FB6566CFFF5F7ED2" box="[1234,1298,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">Maya</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mountains, Chiquibul Forest Reserve (premontane moist tropical forest), San Ignacio (disturbed secondary lowland moist tropical forest), and Pook's Hill Nature Reserve (secondary lowland moist tropical forest). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="229C7634C275D221FB7A6688FF047E9A" box="[1229,1353,223,248]" name="Guatemala" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, newly recorded from the Petén Region (lowland secondary evergreen broadleaf tropical forest, fig. 49). Because numerous old empty mines found by us in 2012 along villages and roads near Lago Petén Itzá, we presume that this species is common in Petén Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1291652FC275D221FF706738F8CA7FB2" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A3436A4C275D221FF706738F8CA7FB2" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C275D221FF706738FB7D7FEA" bold="true" box="[199,304,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
In this paper we provided the first photographic documentation of the genitalia and adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D8B4D27C275D221FA846727FAB67FCE" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="68FFEAB6C275D221FA846727FAB67FCE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Stigmella pruinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also a description based on specimens collected both in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="229C7634C275D221FC3967C3F9987FCF" box="[910,981,404,429]" name="Belize" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="229C7634C275D221FBB867C3FEC67FCF" box="[1039,1163,404,429]" name="Guatemala" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with the first record of host-plant and documentation of leaf-mines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |