433 lines
44 KiB
XML
433 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="53CD29D825F20EB9D3C8F05EBFD0415D">Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) of the Indian subcontinent: Diversity, taxonomy and current status of knowledge</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6729528F35B2AC8A57B1FB514B05459B">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DD110E1A114B38FAD1FA68ABAD108649">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="00CA939AA657E001750769B64AFABFF2">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1EADB16686D1CDF8C95777309BF9C204">3647</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D2ADC75C5665B15ED93BE440FE380189" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3647.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1C198789FF82FFD6FF1E2899293DFA51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612330" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119567866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612330" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C198789FF82FFD6FF1E2899293DFA51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C198789FF82FFD6FF1E2899293DFA51" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF82FFD4FF1E28992939FA31" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="940F369FFF82FFD4FF1E28992E4EFB71" blockId="13.[151,625,1203,1262]" box="[151,625,1203,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<heading id="CF4781F3FF82FFD4FF1E28992E4EFB71" bold="true" box="[151,625,1203,1230]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FF1E28992E4EFB71" bold="true" box="[151,625,1203,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FF1E28992D95FB72" ID-CoL="55ND7" box="[151,426,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FF1E28992D95FB72" bold="true" box="[151,426,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Tetragonula ruficornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Smith in 1870)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="940F369FFF82FFD4FF1E28FB2D5AFB52" blockId="13.[151,625,1203,1262]" box="[151,357,1238,1262]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0C8B2A1AFF82FFD4FF1628FB2CDAFB52" box="[159,229,1238,1262]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1758,1781]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,193,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1737]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tetragonula ruficornis (Smith): lectotype of Trigona ruficornis. 6 A. Habitus, dorsal view. 6 B. Frontal view of head. 6 C. Habitus, right lateral view. 6 D. Lower frontal view of head, including mandibles. 6 E. Outer view of left hind leg. 6 F. Inner view of left hind leg. 6 G. Right forewing. 6 H. View towards propodeum. 6 I. Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219397/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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a–i, map 2)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="940F369FFF82FFD4FF1E29372939FA31" blockId="13.[151,1437,1305,1575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FF1E29372DADFA93" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[151,402,1305,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FF1E29372D6EFA93" box="[151,337,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Trigona ruficornis</emphasis>
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Smith
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</taxonomicName>
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in Horne & Smith 1870: 185, 194:
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<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FD7F29372F5EFA93" box="[758,865,1306,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FD7F29372F5EFA93" bold="true" box="[758,865,1306,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Lectotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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(BMNH, worker): examined, “
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<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF82FFD4FB14293428EBFA93" box="[1181,1236,1305,1327]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">India</collectingCountry>
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” (typed, with handwritten reverse “69 / 86”), “
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<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FE6729152E5CFAF1" box="[494,611,1336,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
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” (blue border), “
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<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FC9E29152FB4FAF1" box="[791,907,1336,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
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[worker symbol] /
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FBD029152897FAF2" box="[1113,1192,1336,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigona</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FB4B2915291BFAF2" box="[1218,1316,1336,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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/ F. Smith, 1870: 194 / det. D. Notton, 2012”). In addition “
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<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FD4A297A2F6AFAD0" box="[707,853,1367,1388]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FCD7297B29B2FAD0" authority="Smith Design. C. Rasmussen 2013" authorityName="Smith Design. C. Rasmussen" authorityYear="2013" box="[862,1421,1366,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Trigona ruficornis Smith Design. C. Rasmussen 2013</taxonomicName>
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”;
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FF4E29552D65FA32" bold="true" box="[199,346,1399,1422]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FF4E29552CC3FA31" box="[199,252,1400,1421]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF82FFD4FEE929552D95FA31" box="[352,426,1400,1421]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi (formerly Benares) (on
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<date id="E00E105FFF82FFD4FC11295A2813FA31" box="[920,1068,1397,1421]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1863-04-04">April 4th, 1863</date>
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) [
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<geoCoordinate id="F1845058FF82FFD4FBC9295A28A5FA31" box="[1088,1178,1399,1421]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" precision="555" value="25.28">25.28°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F1845058FF82FFD4FB2D295A28C3FA31" box="[1188,1276,1399,1421]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" precision="555" value="82.96">82.96°E</geoCoordinate>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF82FFD6FF1E29BB2CE4FE3B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
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<paragraph id="940F369FFF82FFD4FF1E29BB2EABF99B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1305,1575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FF1E29BB2E1BFA10" authority="Bingham 1897: 560" authorityName="Bingham" authorityPageNumber="560" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,548,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FF1E29BB2D78FA10" box="[151,327,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Melipona smithii</emphasis>
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Bingham 1897: 560
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</taxonomicName>
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, 563: Unnecessary replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FC6A29BA28D5FA10" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[995,1258,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FC6A29BA289EFA10" box="[995,1185,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Trigona ruficornis</emphasis>
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Smith
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</taxonomicName>
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, nec “Lamarck”. Lamarck 1817 (and repeated in 1835) only listed these five stingless bee species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FB12299828C3FA77" box="[1179,1276,1461,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FB12299828C3FA77" box="[1179,1276,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Melipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FA85299B294DFA77" box="[1292,1394,1461,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="favosa">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FA85299B294DFA77" box="[1292,1394,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. favosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FA09299B2D1AFA56" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalthea">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FA09299B2D1AFA56" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. amalthea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FEBB29F82D9BFA56" box="[306,420,1492,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficrus">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FEBB29F82D9BFA56" box="[306,420,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. ruficrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FE3829F82E23FA56" box="[433,540,1493,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postica">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FE3829F82E23FA56" box="[433,540,1493,1514]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. postica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FDDC29F82E80FA56" box="[597,703,1492,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FDDC29F82E80FA56" box="[597,703,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. pallida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The replacement name therefore remains enigmatic as there was no
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FA0929F82D14F9B4" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FA0929F82D14F9B4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. ruficornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, unless Bingham had it mistaken for
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FD2D29DE2F4DF9B4" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[676,882,1522,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficrus">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FD2D29DE2F2AF9B4" box="[676,789,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">M. ruficrus</emphasis>
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Latreille
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</taxonomicName>
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(not Lamarck, and -crus, Latin, in reference to leg, not -cornis, horned, in reference to the antennae).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="940F369FFF82FFD4FF1E2A622D0FF84E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1614,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FF1E2A622D13F9DB" bold="true" box="[151,300,1615,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Provenance:</emphasis>
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Frederick Smith (
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<date id="E00E105FFF82FFD4FE732A632E44F9DA" box="[506,635,1614,1638]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1805" valueMax="1879">1805–1879</date>
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) described this species based on several specimens and the report of a single nest collected by Charles Horne (
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<date id="E00E105FFF82FFD4FDE82A5F2EDAF936" box="[609,741,1650,1674]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1824" valueMax="1872">1824–1872</date>
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). Horne had located the nest in Varanasi (formerly Benares), Uttar Pradesh, but Smith cited confusingly and probably incorrectly the
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<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FC442ABA2FC2F913" box="[973,1021,1687,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
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locality as Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh, almost
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||
<quantity id="53489B7AFF82FFD4FF622A972D7EF96E" box="[235,321,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
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NW of Varanasi (many of the other insect species from this publication were in fact collected in Mainpuri and maybe hence the confusion?). The register of the Natural History Museum in London indicates that lot 69 from 1886 included, among others, three specimens of
|
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<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FCCC2B2E2FF0F8A6" box="[837,975,1794,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FCCC2B2E2FF0F8A6" box="[837,975,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF82FFD4FB9A2B2F2872F8A6" box="[1043,1101,1794,1818]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">India</collectingCountry>
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presented by Horne as part of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF82FFD4FF1E2B0A2CF8F883" box="[151,199,1831,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens described earlier. David Notton of the BMNH also located the remains of a nest (BMNH specimen number 650787) labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FE652B662E7AF8DE" box="[492,581,1867,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF82FFD4FE652B662E7AF8DE" box="[492,581,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Trigona</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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from
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<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF82FFD4FD112B672EEDF8DE" box="[664,722,1866,1890]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">India</collectingCountry>
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84/38. Referring to the register, this was part of a lot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF82FFD4FF1E2B422D10F83B" box="[151,303,1903,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF82FFD4FEFA2B432D90F83A" box="[371,431,1902,1926]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by the late Charles Horne, and donated by his widow but also relating to Horne & Smith (1870) probably representing the nest described in that paper. The nest is apparently mostly batumen and cerumen from the internal parts of the nest, thus, not including diagnostic features such as the nest entrance or brood combs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0CF6617FF81FFD7FF1E2AF32815F88D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219397/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" targetBox="[151,1433,193,1736]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF81FFD7FF1E2AF32815F88D" blockId="14.[151,1436,1758,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FF1E2AF32D31F94F" bold="true" box="[151,270,1758,1781]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF81FFD7FE972AF32E60F948" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[286,607,1758,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FE972AF32E39F948" box="[286,518,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Tetragonula ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Smith)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF81FFD7FD792AF22F92F948" box="[752,941,1758,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FD792AF22F92F948" box="[752,941,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Trigona ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FC352AF32FE4F94F" bold="true" box="[956,987,1758,1779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6A</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FB472AF328D4F94F" bold="true" box="[1230,1259,1758,1779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6B</emphasis>
|
||
. Frontal view of head.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FF5A2AD12CCDF8AF" bold="true" box="[211,242,1788,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6C</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus, right lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FD982AD02E0EF8AE" bold="true" box="[529,561,1789,1810]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lower frontal view of head, including mandibles.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FBB12AD02869F8AE" bold="true" box="[1080,1110,1789,1810]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6E</emphasis>
|
||
. Outer view of left hind leg.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FAF52AD029AAF8AE" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1789,1810]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6F</emphasis>
|
||
. Inner view of left hind leg.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FE252B362DF5F88E" bold="true" box="[428,458,1819,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6G</emphasis>
|
||
. Right forewing.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FDF42B362EA2F88C" bold="true" box="[637,669,1819,1840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6H</emphasis>
|
||
. View towards propodeum.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FC352B362FECF88C" bold="true" box="[956,979,1819,1840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">6I</emphasis>
|
||
. Labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF81FFD6FF402B732CE4FE3B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1886,2018]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF81FFD7FF402B732D77F8CA" bold="true" box="[201,328,1886,1910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF81FFD7FF402B732D7BF8CA" box="[201,324,1886,1910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Although a single specimen was separated earlier and labeled as the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF81FFD7FBDE2B732882F8CA" box="[1111,1213,1886,1910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
” (specimen BMNH 17b.1187, labeled “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF81FFD7FEFA2BAF2D8FF826" box="[371,432,1922,1946]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
” (reverse “69 / 86”), “
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF81FFD7FD3F2BAF2ECDF826" box="[694,754,1922,1946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
” (red border), “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF81FFD7FC212BAF283DF826" box="[936,1026,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigona</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF81FFD7FB952BAF28B6F826" box="[1052,1161,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">ruficornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ (
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF81FFD7FB222BAF28D9F826" box="[1195,1254,1922,1946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
) Smith”, “B.M.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF81FFD7FF1E2B8A2CE2F802" box="[151,221,1959,1982]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/ HYM. / 17b.1187”), the account by Smith clearly indicates that the species was described from a nest, and multiple specimens must have been acquired by the museum. Two additional specimens with label data “69 / 86” have been located by D. Notton in the general collection under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FB8C2CB42850FF0C" box="[1029,1135,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FB8C2CB42850FF0C" box="[1029,1135,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are now considered
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FF1E2C902CC2FF69" box="[151,253,189,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FE852C912D14FF68" box="[268,299,188,212]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
already pointed out by Moure (1961), the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FCB02C912FA0FF68" box="[825,927,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
” is headless and it would therefore not be desirable to select this particular specimen as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FD652CF22F69FF4B" box="[748,854,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Fortunately, Moure (1961) treating this headless specimen as
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FEA62D292DAEFEA0" box="[303,401,260,284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
does not qualify as
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FD012D292ED0FEA0" box="[648,751,260,284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by inference (ICZN 1999, Article 74.6), as the biological account accompanying the original description clearly indicate that there was a
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FBC42D05289BFEFC" box="[1101,1188,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series (ICZN 1999). Instead, I here designate a complete
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FDB52D602EACFED9" box="[572,659,333,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FCD22D612FFDFED8" box="[859,962,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in order to stabilize the future use of the name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF80FFD6FF402DBE2D5AFD1B" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF80FFD6FF402DBE2908FDAB" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF402DBE2D6CFE10" bold="true" box="[201,339,403,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
Moure (1961) suggested the headless specimen should be a callow, but the pigmentation appears to be complete, and all of the lecto- and
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FDD42D9A2ECBFE73" box="[605,756,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are rather light colored compared to other Indian species. Apparently Schwarz (1939) was the first to suggest the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FC772DF028B8FE48" box="[1022,1159,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FC772DF028B8FE48" box="[1022,1159,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FB5C2DF02955FE48" box="[1237,1386,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FB5C2DF02955FE48" box="[1237,1386,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but he later changed his mind and identified bees from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FD5C2DD22F30FDAB" box="[725,783,511,535]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FCBD2E2C2F81FDA4" box="[820,958,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FCBD2E2C2F81FDA4" box="[820,958,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Nogueira-Neto 1949, 1951).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF80FFD6FF1E2E462D5AFD1B" blockId="15.[151,634,619,679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FF1E2E462E45FD38" authority="Cameron 1897" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,634,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF1E2E462E45FD38" bold="true" box="[151,634,619,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF1E2E462D8EFD38" bold="true" box="[151,433,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Tetragonula bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FE492E462E0EFD38" box="[448,561,619,644]" name="Cameroon" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
1897)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8B2A1AFF80FFD6FF162EA22CDAFD1B" box="[159,229,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tetragonula bengalensis (Cameron): lectotype of Trigona bengalensis. 7 A. Habitus, dorsal view. 7 B. Frontal view of head. 7 C. Habitus, right lateral view. 7 D. Lower frontal view of head, including partially hidden mandibles. 7 E. Habitus, left lateral view. 7 F. Labels. 7 G. View towards propodeum. 7 H. Mesepisternum. 7 I. Outer view of right hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219398/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
a–i, map 2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF80FFD6FF1E2EF428D4FAA9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF80FFD6FF1E2EF42EB3FCF5" blockId="15.[151,1436,727,842]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FF1E2EF42E03FD51" authority="Cameron 1897: 143" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,572,728,750]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF1E2EF42D58FD52" box="[151,359,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Trigona bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FEE62EF52DF4FD51" box="[367,459,728,749]" name="Cameroon" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
1897: 143
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–144:
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FDF42EF52EC6FD52" bold="true" box="[637,761,727,750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FDF42EF52ED7FD51" box="[637,744,728,749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
OUMNH, worker): examined, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FBC82EF528ADFD52" box="[1089,1170,728,750]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigona</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FB202EF52920FD52" box="[1193,1311,728,750]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">bengalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Cam.”. In addition “
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FEA32EDA2D83FCB0" box="[298,444,759,780]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FE4A2EDB282CFCB0" authority="Cameron Design. C Rasmussen 2013" authorityName="Cameron Design. C Rasmussen" authorityYear="2013" box="[451,1043,758,780]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
Trigona bengalensis
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FD1C2EDA2ECDFCB0" box="[661,754,759,780]" name="Cameroon" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
Design. C Rasmussen 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”;
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FBA12EDA2884FCB1" bold="true" box="[1064,1211,758,781]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FBA12EDA2862FCB0" box="[1064,1117,759,780]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FB482EDA2934FCB0" box="[1217,1291,759,780]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, West Bengal,
|
||
<quantity id="53489B7AFF80FFD6FF4E2F382D37FC97" box="[199,264,789,811]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) on the east bank of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FCEB2F382F84FC97" box="[866,955,789,811]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Hooghly</collectingCountry>
|
||
river (also known as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FB142F3828E7FC97" box="[1181,1240,789,811]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Hugli</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (sometime during
|
||
<date id="E00E105FFF80FFD6FF4E2F1E2D07FCF5" box="[199,312,819,841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="1872" valueMax="1886">1872–1886</date>
|
||
or 1893) [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1845058FF80FFD6FE4E2F1E2E20FCF5" box="[455,543,819,841]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="22.68">22.68°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1845058FF80FFD6FDA02F1E2EBEFCF5" box="[553,641,819,841]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="555" value="88.38">88.38°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF80FFD6FF1E2F5F2812FB39" blockId="15.[151,1436,881,1517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF1E2F5F2D13FC36" bold="true" box="[151,300,882,906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Provenance:</emphasis>
|
||
Peter
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FEF32F5C2DDEFC35" box="[378,481,881,905]" name="Cameroon" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="E00E105FFF80FFD6FE7D2F5C2E4BFC35" box="[500,628,881,905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="1847" valueMax="1912">1847–1912</date>
|
||
) described this species based on at least five specimens collected by George Alexander James Rothney (
|
||
<date id="E00E105FFF80FFD6FDB32FB82E81FC11" box="[570,702,917,941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="1849" valueMax="1922">1849–1922</date>
|
||
). These five specimens are all in agreement with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FEC92F972DDBFC6D" box="[320,484,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FEC92F972DDBFC6D" box="[320,484,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(only one labeled as such), but one of these individuals, standing over the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FF282FF02D17FC49" box="[161,296,989,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">bengalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in the Rothney drawer in OUMNH, is labeled in different handwriting and on a more recent paper label as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FF7D282F2DB6FBA5" box="[244,393,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF7D282F2DB6FBA5" box="[244,393,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FE11282F2D88FBA6" box="[408,439,1026,1050]" name="American Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FE36282C2E1AFBA5" box="[447,549,1025,1049]" name="Cameroon" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
did not refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FD57282F2F4CFBA5" box="[734,883,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FD57282F2F4CFBA5" box="[734,883,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his account
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FBA9282F290BFBA5" authority="Orientalia" authorityName="Orientalia" box="[1056,1332,1025,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="order">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FBA9282F290BFBA5" box="[1056,1332,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Hymenoptera Orientalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he must have been unaware of the species proposed by Smith (from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FCEA28082FE7FB81" box="[867,984,1061,1085]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the label could have been added subsequently by an unknown as a sign of synonymy. However, Rothney (1903) himself later provided an account of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FF5728432D31FB3A" box="[222,270,1134,1158]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality stating that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FE7A28432EACFB39" box="[499,659,1133,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FE7A28432EACFB39" box="[499,659,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was rare compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FC182843281AFB39" box="[913,1061,1133,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FC182843281AFB39" box="[913,1061,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF80FFD6FF4028BF28D4FAA9" blockId="15.[151,1436,881,1517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF4028BF2D77FB16" bold="true" box="[201,328,1170,1194]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FF4028BF2D7BFB16" box="[201,324,1170,1194]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
I here designate as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FDD328BC2EFEFB15" box="[602,705,1169,1193]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the only specimen from the original Rothney drawer labeled as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FF2828982D17FB71" box="[161,296,1205,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">bengalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in order to stabilize the future use of the name. The remaining four specimens standing over the drawer label “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FEBB28F42DC4FB4D" authority="Cam." authorityName="Cam." box="[306,507,1241,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">bengalensis Cam.</taxonomicName>
|
||
” are considered conspecific
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FCB328F42FDFFB4D" box="[826,992,1241,1265]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. An additional OUMNH drawer label is printed, in red, “BARRACKPORE: / Rothney” in support of these being authentic
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FBBE28D32858FAAA" box="[1079,1127,1278,1302]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCAA6514FF80FFD6FF40290C293DFA51" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="940F369FFF80FFD6FF40290C293DFA51" blockId="15.[151,1436,881,1517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FF40290C2D6CFA86" bold="true" box="[201,339,1313,1338]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FED2290C2E50FA85" box="[347,623,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FED2290C2E50FA85" box="[347,623,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Tetragonula bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FC4D290F2866FA85" box="[964,1113,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FC4D290F2866FA85" box="[964,1113,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Bingham (1897) without further discussion. Most later authors followed this, although Sakagami (1978), in an addendum (p. 247), pointed out that males from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FEF029442DD9FA3D" box="[377,486,1385,1409]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FE7C29442E18FA3D" box="[501,551,1385,1409]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FD2E29472F03FA3D" box="[679,828,1385,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FD2E29472F03FA3D" box="[679,828,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FCF529442F89FA3D" box="[892,950,1385,1409]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0B883DFF80FFD6FC4D29442FC9FA3D" box="[964,1014,1385,1409]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FBFE29472929FA3D" box="[1143,1302,1385,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FBFE29472929FA3D" box="[1143,1302,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differed in the genitalia, but were otherwise identical. Therefore Sakagami proposed to use
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FBA529A328FEFA19" box="[1068,1217,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FBA529A328FEFA19" box="[1068,1217,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. iridipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the Sri Lankan population and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FEC1299F2DD7FA75" box="[328,488,1457,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FEC1299F2DD7FA75" box="[328,488,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the Indian population (ignoring the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FB9D299F289FFA75" box="[1044,1184,1457,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FB9D299F289FFA75" box="[1044,1184,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. ruficornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an earlier name), although he cautioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B04D1CFF80FFD6FE4F29FB2ECAFA51" authority="Schwarz 1939" authorityName="Schwarz" authorityYear="1939" box="[454,757,1493,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagdeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C4EA8DFF80FFD6FE4F29FB2E03FA51" box="[454,572,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">T. pagdeni</emphasis>
|
||
(Schwarz 1939)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA7760FFF80FFD6FCB029F82FA3FA51" box="[825,924,1493,1517]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
might not differ from the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |