355 lines
38 KiB
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355 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27e19a5d-bfc7-4434-9478-5fd9ed0e0b0d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864266" ID-ZooBank="39D641B7-1800-4918-8E88-4EC5FF4BB56C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1682330975026" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Dolibaina, Diego R., Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="F84A87F49B38FFCDFF3CA79CBE0FF888" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5271.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5271 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eutocus rogan Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="0473FF8C9B36FFC3FFABA54BBA00FF32" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1682444975477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dolibaina, Diego R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Reserva Serra Bonita, Camacã, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Song, Leina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Carlos G. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Caixa postal 1206, 84.145 - 000 Carambeí, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5271</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>91</mods:start>
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<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">27e19a5d-bfc7-4434-9478-5fd9ed0e0b0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7864266</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">39D641B7-1800-4918-8E88-4EC5FF4BB56C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864320" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F84A87F49B38FFCDFF3CA79CBE0FF888" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F84A87F49B38FFCDFF3CA79CBE0FF888" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,727,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<heading bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Evans, 1955)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[151,509,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogan">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,330,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus rogan</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[346,501,727,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="454 - 488" refId="ref17231" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 499 pp., pls. 454 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[523,1268,727,754]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasilia">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,722,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus brasilia</emphasis>
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(Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authority="(Evans, 1955)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fosca">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus fosca</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[230,384,763,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="454 - 488" refId="ref17231" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 499 pp., pls. 454 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, new combinations
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,835,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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Phylogenetic analysis of the relatives of
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<taxonomicName authority="Godman, 1901" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[633,896,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[633,714,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Artines</emphasis>
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Godman, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[915,965,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName authority="Geyer, 1832" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[1069,1428,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Thracides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aepitus">
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<emphasis box="[1069,1274,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Thracides aepitus</emphasis>
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Geyer, 1832
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</taxonomicName>
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) reveals that
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<taxonomicName authority="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015" authorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2015" box="[288,1023,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ginungagapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasilia">
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<emphasis box="[288,548,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Ginungagapus brasilia</emphasis>
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Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1955" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1955" box="[1079,1375,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fosca">
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<emphasis box="[1079,1227,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Artines fosca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[1235,1375,871,898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="454 - 488" refId="ref17231" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 499 pp., pls. 454 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,602,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-166@13.[151,1435,597,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuclear genome tree of selected Moncina: Psoralis and Artines relatives. See Fig. 4 for notations. Note extreme heterogeneity of evolutionary rates in different lineages, compared to mostly homogenous rates in Fig. 4 tree. Some genera are labeled at their clades. Taxa discussed in the text are shown in different colors: Mucia (blue, with Mucia rusta, comb. nov. labeled in dark blue), Rhomba (cyan, with Rhomba mirnae, comb. nov. labeled in purple), Eprius (green, with Eprius planus, comb. nov. and Eprius obrepta, stat. nov. labeled in orange and olive, respectively), Panca (violet, with Panca fiedleri, comb. nov. labeled in brown), Eutocus (red, with Eutocus brasilia, comb. nov. and Eutocus fosca, comb. nov. labeled in magenta), and Lattus (gray, with Lattus minor, comb. nov. labeled in dark green). Green arrows point from the clade of the genus where a species was placed previously (name in square brackets) to the clade of the species that is being transferred between genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864284/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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magenta) are not monophyletic with the
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<typeStatus box="[629,677,908,934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
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species of their genera and instead are sisters to species of
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<taxonomicName authority="Godman, 1901" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1346,1436,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
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Godman, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[332,382,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName authority="Godman, 1901" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[477,821,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phthia">
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<emphasis box="[477,646,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus phthia</emphasis>
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Godman, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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, a junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName authority="Pl" authorityName="Pl" box="[1187,1399,943,972]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facilis">
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<emphasis box="[1187,1364,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Apaustus facilis</emphasis>
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Pl
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</taxonomicName>
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̂tz, 1884) (
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<figureCitation box="[233,301,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,602,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-166@13.[151,1435,597,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuclear genome tree of selected Moncina: Psoralis and Artines relatives. See Fig. 4 for notations. Note extreme heterogeneity of evolutionary rates in different lineages, compared to mostly homogenous rates in Fig. 4 tree. Some genera are labeled at their clades. Taxa discussed in the text are shown in different colors: Mucia (blue, with Mucia rusta, comb. nov. labeled in dark blue), Rhomba (cyan, with Rhomba mirnae, comb. nov. labeled in purple), Eprius (green, with Eprius planus, comb. nov. and Eprius obrepta, stat. nov. labeled in orange and olive, respectively), Panca (violet, with Panca fiedleri, comb. nov. labeled in brown), Eutocus (red, with Eutocus brasilia, comb. nov. and Eutocus fosca, comb. nov. labeled in magenta), and Lattus (gray, with Lattus minor, comb. nov. labeled in dark green). Green arrows point from the clade of the genus where a species was placed previously (name in square brackets) to the clade of the species that is being transferred between genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864284/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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red). The genitalia morphology and wing pattern of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1955" box="[901,993,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fosca">
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<emphasis box="[901,993,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">A. fosca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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already suggested its placement out of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,232,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,232,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Artines</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, probably in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[390,480,1016,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[390,480,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Medeiros, A. D. & Dolibaina, D. & Carneiro, E. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M." box="[497,742,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref17599" refString="Medeiros, A. D., Dolibaina, D. R, Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Artines Godman, 1901 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini) with the description of nine new species. Zootaxa, 4614 (1), 1 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4614.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Medeiros
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<emphasis box="[615,674,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Medeiros & Dolibaina, per. comm.).
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<bibRefCitation author="Carneiro, E. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M." box="[1185,1436,1015,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="196 - 220" refId="ref16672" refString="Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2015) The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review. Zootaxa, 3931 (2), 196 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3931.2" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Carneiro
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<emphasis box="[1293,1352,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
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(2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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recovered
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2015" box="[267,386,1051,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ginungagapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasilia">
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<emphasis box="[267,386,1051,1078]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">G. brasilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="(Evans, 1955)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[437,699,1051,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogan">
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<emphasis box="[437,536,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">G. rogan</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[549,690,1051,1078]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="454 - 488" refId="ref17231" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 499 pp., pls. 454 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, so far known from a female and males, respectively, nested deeply within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2015" box="[231,396,1088,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ginungagapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[231,396,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Ginungagapus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, however, both species share genitalic characters with
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[1025,1115,1088,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1025,1115,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, possibly being erroneously combined to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2015" box="[303,468,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ginungagapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[303,468,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Ginungagapus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
due to convergent wing pattern and unsampled key taxa (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[1141,1231,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1141,1231,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was not included in that study). Therefore, we propose
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[589,1284,1159,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasilia" status="comb. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[589,776,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus brasilia</emphasis>
|
|
(Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2015)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1298,1429,1159,1185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1298,1429,1159,1185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Evans, 1955)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[151,488,1195,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogan" status="comb. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[151,317,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus rogan</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[334,480,1195,1222]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="454 - 488" refId="ref17231" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 499 pp., pls. 454 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[502,633,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[502,633,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(which is phenotypically similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1053,1176,1195,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasilia">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1053,1176,1195,1222]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">G. brasilia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and has COI barcode, GenBank HM375842, closest to it: 6.8%, 45 bp difference), and
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Evans, 1955)" authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[886,1211,1231,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fosca" status="comb. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis box="[886,1043,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus fosca</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[1059,1203,1231,1258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="454 - 488" refId="ref17231" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 499 pp., pls. 454 - 488." type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1224,1353,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1224,1353,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
for the time-being, because previous generic placement of these species was clearly incorrect, and it is better to improve it here, while looking for better solutions. However, the nuclear genome tree illustrates that these species (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1368,1436,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,602,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-166@13.[151,1435,597,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuclear genome tree of selected Moncina: Psoralis and Artines relatives. See Fig. 4 for notations. Note extreme heterogeneity of evolutionary rates in different lineages, compared to mostly homogenous rates in Fig. 4 tree. Some genera are labeled at their clades. Taxa discussed in the text are shown in different colors: Mucia (blue, with Mucia rusta, comb. nov. labeled in dark blue), Rhomba (cyan, with Rhomba mirnae, comb. nov. labeled in purple), Eprius (green, with Eprius planus, comb. nov. and Eprius obrepta, stat. nov. labeled in orange and olive, respectively), Panca (violet, with Panca fiedleri, comb. nov. labeled in brown), Eutocus (red, with Eutocus brasilia, comb. nov. and Eutocus fosca, comb. nov. labeled in magenta), and Lattus (gray, with Lattus minor, comb. nov. labeled in dark green). Green arrows point from the clade of the genus where a species was placed previously (name in square brackets) to the clade of the species that is being transferred between genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864284/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
|
magenta) are more differentiated genetically from the core of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[852,1031,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
|
|
<emphasis box="[852,942,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1047,1114,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,602,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-166@13.[151,1435,597,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuclear genome tree of selected Moncina: Psoralis and Artines relatives. See Fig. 4 for notations. Note extreme heterogeneity of evolutionary rates in different lineages, compared to mostly homogenous rates in Fig. 4 tree. Some genera are labeled at their clades. Taxa discussed in the text are shown in different colors: Mucia (blue, with Mucia rusta, comb. nov. labeled in dark blue), Rhomba (cyan, with Rhomba mirnae, comb. nov. labeled in purple), Eprius (green, with Eprius planus, comb. nov. and Eprius obrepta, stat. nov. labeled in orange and olive, respectively), Panca (violet, with Panca fiedleri, comb. nov. labeled in brown), Eutocus (red, with Eutocus brasilia, comb. nov. and Eutocus fosca, comb. nov. labeled in magenta), and Lattus (gray, with Lattus minor, comb. nov. labeled in dark green). Green arrows point from the clade of the genus where a species was placed previously (name in square brackets) to the clade of the species that is being transferred between genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864284/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
|
red), which is also reflected in their morphological differences. In
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[579,669,1376,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
|
<emphasis box="[579,669,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[677,816,1375,1402]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
palpi are long and thin, but in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1165,1283,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasilia">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1165,1283,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">E. brasilia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang & Dolibaina & Cong & Shen & Song & Mielke & Casagrande & Mielke & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1339,1436,1376,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogan">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1339,1436,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">E. rogan</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
palpi are short and conical.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,835,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
|
|
The two alternatives to the proposed treatment would be to erect new and (nearly) monotypic genera for them (a splitting solution) or unify the entire clade that is sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Lindsey, 1925" authorityName="Lindsey" authorityYear="1925" box="[935,1187,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tarmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[935,1015,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Tarmia</emphasis>
|
|
Lindsey, 1925
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus box="[1205,1255,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Lindsey, 1925" authorityName="Lindsey" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tarmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monastica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Tarmia monastica</emphasis>
|
|
Lindsey, 1925
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[461,530,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,602,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-166@13.[151,1435,597,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Nuclear genome tree of selected Moncina: Psoralis and Artines relatives. See Fig. 4 for notations. Note extreme heterogeneity of evolutionary rates in different lineages, compared to mostly homogenous rates in Fig. 4 tree. Some genera are labeled at their clades. Taxa discussed in the text are shown in different colors: Mucia (blue, with Mucia rusta, comb. nov. labeled in dark blue), Rhomba (cyan, with Rhomba mirnae, comb. nov. labeled in purple), Eprius (green, with Eprius planus, comb. nov. and Eprius obrepta, stat. nov. labeled in orange and olive, respectively), Panca (violet, with Panca fiedleri, comb. nov. labeled in brown), Eutocus (red, with Eutocus brasilia, comb. nov. and Eutocus fosca, comb. nov. labeled in magenta), and Lattus (gray, with Lattus minor, comb. nov. labeled in dark green). Green arrows point from the clade of the genus where a species was placed previously (name in square brackets) to the clade of the species that is being transferred between genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864284/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
|
) into a single genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[768,858,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[768,858,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and regard its current constituents as subgenera (a lumping solution). Even more,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindsey" authorityYear="1925" box="[513,593,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tarmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[513,593,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Tarmia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Grishin, 2022" authorityName="Grishin" authorityYear="2022" box="[654,891,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[654,724,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Lattus</emphasis>
|
|
Grishin, 2022
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus box="[909,959,1555,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Bell, 1932" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1932" box="[1060,1428,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabupuana">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1060,1297,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus arabupuana</emphasis>
|
|
Bell, 1932
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) could be included as subgenera in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[539,629,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[539,629,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(a super-lumping solution) as discussed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, J. & Cong, Q. & Shen, J. & Grishin, N. V." box="[1123,1343,1591,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref18178" refString="Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J. & Grishin, N. V. (2022) Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Insecta Mundi, 0921, 1 - 135." type="book chapter" year="2022">
|
|
Zhang
|
|
<emphasis box="[1202,1258,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2022)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and the
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,232,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[151,232,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Artines</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group would consist of two genera:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[657,738,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[657,738,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Artines</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[797,887,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Eutocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[797,887,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Eutocus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Each of these alternatives has certain pros and cons. The splitting solution will result in morphologically compact genera, which may be aesthetically pleasing, but the number of genera may increase unnecessarily, adding not particularly distinct monotypic genera to the classification and putting the burden on the name users beyond
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[887,1021,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
specialists. The lumping and super-lumping solutions would group into a single genus all relatives that were a challenge to divide into genera by morphology (as revealed by previous classification mistakes) and may be easier for the users of the names but will create a large and morphologically diverse genus that may be difficult for
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1060,1194,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
specialists to accept. Therefore, a compromise was chosen here: we corrected obvious mistakes and restored monophyly of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[1307,1388,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Artines" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1307,1388,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Artines</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carneiro, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,316,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ginungagapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[151,316,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Ginungagapus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with minimal adjustment of the current classification. However, the best solution will reveal itself after a comprehensive genomic and morphological analysis of the entire group.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |