291 lines
38 KiB
XML
291 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6F940FBDC333F3DA0DD70307F43607D2">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58E969FD66F366CDE508B993BFC93526">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3C72247AAC8AA88C66E6186B508DBEF">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15500B8B5DD00E055A77876535DDABDB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="620BE875EE6F6ABFFA83D7943D8E4E0E">4652</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FF5AFD941518FD11" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,519,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF5AFD941518FD11" bold="true" box="[151,519,620,646]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF5AFD941644FD11" bold="true" box="[151,347,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FEAFFD941518FD11" author="Schenk, A." box="[354,519,620,646]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF5AFD7617F9FD30" blockId="23.[151,519,620,679]" box="[151,230,654,679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FF5AFD7617F9FD30" box="[151,230,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF5AFD201589FD7B" blockId="23.[151,1435,726,810]" box="[151,662,726,749]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FF5AFD2016EBFD7B" authority="Schenk, 1896: 64" authorityName="Schenk" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,500,726,749]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF5AFD201625FD7A" box="[151,314,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC399017FE8CFD2E16EBFD7B" author="Schenk, A." box="[321,500,726,748]" page="64" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FE8CFD2E16EBFD7B" author="Schenk, A." box="[321,500,726,748]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896: 64</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, plate 3,
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<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FD82FD2E1589FD7B" box="[591,662,726,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF5AFD0E1376FCBD" blockId="23.[151,1435,726,810]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EC7CA29AC399017FF5AFD0E1376FCBD" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FF5AFD0E1623FC9C" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,316,758,779]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF5AFD0E1623FC9C" box="[151,316,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Xenia ternatana</emphasis>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC399017FE84FD0D153CFC9C" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[329,547,757,779]" page="649" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FE84FD0D153CFC9C" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[329,547,757,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 649</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC399017FDE3FD0D145BFC9C" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[558,836,757,779]" page="359" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FDE3FD0D145BFC9C" author="Tixier-Durivault, A." box="[558,836,757,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref27154" refString="Tixier-Durivault, A. (1966) Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar, 21, 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">Tixier-Durivault 1966: 359</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC399017FC82FD0D139FFC9C" author="Verseveldt, J. & Cohen, J." box="[847,1152,757,779]" page="62" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FC82FD0D139FFC9C" author="Verseveldt, J. & Cohen, J." box="[847,1152,757,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref27538" refString="Verseveldt, J. & Cohen, J. (1971) Some new species of Octocorallia from the Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea). Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 53 - - 67." type="book" year="1971">Verseveldt & Cohen 1971: 62</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC399017FB41FD0D1240FC9C" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[1164,1375,757,779]" page="118" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FB41FD0D1240FC9C" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[1164,1375,757,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990: 118</bibRefCitation>
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, table 1, listed only;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FE95FCEC1524FCBD" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[344,571,788,810]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke 1997: 35–36</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FD89FCED15A7FCBD" author="Janes, M. P." box="[580,696,788,810]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref25439" refString="Janes, M. P. (2013) Distribution and diversity of the soft coral family Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) in Lembeh Strait, Indonesia. Galaxea JCRS, 15 (Supplement), 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.3755 / galaxea. 15.195" type="journal article" year="2013">Janes 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FD0FFCED1472FCBD" author="Janes, M. P. & McFadden, C. S. & Chanmethakul, T." box="[706,877,788,810]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref25492" refString="Janes, M. P., McFadden, C. S. & Chanmethakul, T. (2014) A new species of Ovabunda (Octocorallia, Xeniidae) from the Andaman Sea, Thailand with notes on the biogeography of this genus. Zookeys, 431, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 431.7751" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Janes
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FD32FCED142DFCBD" box="[767,818,788,810]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FCBAFCEC137BFCBD" author="McFadden, C. S. & Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P." box="[887,1124,788,810]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="247 - 257" refId="ref26293" refString="McFadden, C. S., Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P. (2014 a) DNA barcoding of xeniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from Indonesia: species richness and phylogenetic relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 247 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.902866" type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FC27FCED1308FCBD" box="[1002,1047,788,810]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC399017FF5AFCAE1596F958" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF5AFCAE13FDFCF8" blockId="23.[151,1437,854,1743]" box="[151,1250,854,879]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF5AFCAE1619FCF8" bold="true" box="[151,262,854,879]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC399017FEC0FCAE13FDFCF8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475047" box="[269,1250,854,879]" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="W. Kukenthal." country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" specimenCode="SMF 43" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FEC0FCAE1535FCF8" bold="true" box="[269,554,854,879]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FEC0FCAE1665FCF8" box="[269,378,854,879]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and
|
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<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FE78FCAE153AFCF8" box="[437,549,854,879]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC399017FDFCFCAF1591FCF8" box="[561,654,855,879]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">SMF 43</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC399017FD57FCAE1415FCF8" box="[666,778,854,879]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC399017FCD8FCAF14A9FCF8" box="[789,950,854,879]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
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, 1894, coll.
|
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<collectorName id="B32288D1AC399017FB8DFCAF13FDFCF8" box="[1088,1250,854,879]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">W. Kükenthal.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AFC82131CFBB5" blockId="23.[151,1437,854,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF0AFC821646FC04" bold="true" box="[199,345,890,915]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Description.</emphasis>
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The
|
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<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FE58FC8216E8FC04" box="[405,503,890,915]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
is the larger colony under
|
||
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC399017FCE0FC83147AFC04" box="[813,869,891,915]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
43, 25 mm high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FB7CFC83121DFC05" box="[1201,1282,891,915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FA86FC831283FC05" box="[1355,1436,891,915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FEB4FC6616D7FC21" box="[377,456,926,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
at its uppermost part. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FD38FC671453FC20" box="[757,844,927,951]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FCA0FC6714A3FC21" box="[877,956,927,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FBB6FC6713D5FC21" box="[1147,1226,927,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FADDFC661240FC21" box="[1296,1375,926,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FEDFFC3B167EFC4D" box="[274,353,963,987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FC6BFC3A1307FC4D" box="[934,1048,962,987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FA90FC3A17DCFC69" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, featuring three rows of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are relatively slender, up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FB13FC1E122BFC69" box="[1246,1332,998,1023]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FF5AFBF317F2FBB5" box="[151,237,1035,1059]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FEF5FBF21684FBB4" box="[312,411,1034,1059]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="15.0">15–23 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row with no gap between adjacent ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AFBD613EDFB24" blockId="23.[151,1437,854,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
Sclerites are present in all parts of the colony, more densely arranged on the aboral side of the tentacles and less so in the pinnules. They are ellipsoid platelets, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC399017FCF9FBAA146CFBFC" box="[820,883,1106,1131]" degrees="0.008" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" precision="55" value="0.008">0.008</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC399017FCBEFBAA14DEFBFC" box="[883,961,1106,1131]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
X
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC399017FC2AFBAB13B7FBFD" box="[999,1192,1107,1131]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.019" valueMax="0.021" valueMin="0.017">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC399017FC2AFBAB1339FBFC" box="[999,1062,1107,1131]" degrees="0.017" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" precision="55" value="0.017">0.017</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC399017FBEBFBAB136CFBFC" box="[1062,1139,1107,1131]" degrees="0.021" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" precision="55" value="-0.021">–0.021</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FA8EFBAA1288FBFC" box="[1347,1431,1106,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
, n=20). Their surface is granular due to the dendritic rods that comprise the sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FBB4FB8E13C1FB18" box="[1145,1246,1142,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some sclerites feature a distinct longitudinal crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FDE6FB621593FB24" box="[555,652,1178,1203]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FC6CFB62131CFB24" box="[929,1027,1178,1203]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is dark gray in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AFB4617D0F9A8" blockId="23.[151,1437,854,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF0AFB461624FB40" bold="true" box="[199,315,1214,1239]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FDB5FB47141AFB41" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[632,773,1215,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FDB5FB47141AFB41" box="[632,773,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FCFCFB4614CAFB40" author="Schenk, A." box="[817,981,1214,1239]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated two rows of pinnules and 18– 22 pinnules in each row compared to the three rows and 15–23 pinnules in the outermost row as revealed in the present study. The current examination demonstrated that some of the sclerites possess a central crest, resembling those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FF32FAD41557FAD4" authority="Benayahu, 2010" authorityName="Benayahu" authorityYear="2010" box="[255,584,1322,1347]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Yamazatum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF32FAD41660FAD4" box="[255,383,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Yamazatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FE46FAD21557FAD4" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[395,584,1322,1347]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref24393" refString="Benayahu, Y. (2010) A new genus of a soft coral of the family Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Japan. Galaxea JSRS, 12, 53 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3755 / galaxea. 12.53" type="journal article" year="2010">Benayahu, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As already indicated, it is suggested that the presence of a crest on the sclerite surface is diagnostic and important for xeniid species identification. Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FBB5FAB7121AFAF1" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1144,1285,1359,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FBB5FAB7121AFAF1" box="[1144,1285,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from various locations in the Red Sea (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FE21FA8A15BDFA1C" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[492,674,1394,1419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref25894" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1913) Alcyonaria des Roten Meeres. In: Expeditionen S. M. Schiff " pola " in das Rote Meer. Zoologische Ergebnisse, 29, pp. 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1913">Kükenthal 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FD63FA8A14CCFA1C" author="Verseveldt, J. & Cohen, J." box="[686,979,1394,1419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref27538" refString="Verseveldt, J. & Cohen, J. (1971) Some new species of Octocorallia from the Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea). Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 53 - - 67." type="book" year="1971">Verseveldt & Cohen 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FC13FA8A1391FA1C" author="Benayahu, Y." box="[990,1166,1394,1419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="113 - 120" refId="ref24267" refString="Benayahu, Y. (1990) Xeniidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the Red Sea with description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 64, 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1990">Benayahu 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) should be re-examined in order to verify the microstructure of their sclerites.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FD3FFA6E14B8FA38" author="Reinicke, G. B." box="[754,935,1430,1455]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="5 - 62" refId="ref26705" refString="Reinicke, G. B. (1997) Xeniidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Red Sea, with descriptions of six new species of Xenia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 5 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Reinicke (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FB86FA6F1364FA38" box="[1099,1147,1431,1455]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FB6DFA6F1233FA39" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1184,1324,1431,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FB6DFA6F1233FA39" box="[1184,1324,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other material from the Red Sea, but repeated the original description and not his findings concerning the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FB3CFA43123AFA44" box="[1265,1317,1467,1491]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
; therefore, his material should also be re-examined. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FD48FA261483FA60" author="McFadden, C. S. & Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P." box="[645,924,1502,1527]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="247 - 257" refId="ref26293" refString="McFadden, C. S., Reynolds, A. M. & Janes, M. P. (2014 a) DNA barcoding of xeniid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Xeniidae) from Indonesia: species richness and phylogenetic relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 247 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2014.902866" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FCC9FA27142AFA60" box="[772,821,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a specimen collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC399017FB19FA26125EFA60" box="[1236,1345,1502,1527]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
bearing two rows of pinnules was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FD80F9FC15C6F98C" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[589,729,1540,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FD80F9FC15C6F98C" box="[589,729,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which does not correspond to the current re-description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FF5AF9DF17D4F9A8" box="[151,203,1575,1599]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AF9B214FDF93C" blockId="23.[151,1437,854,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF0AF9B2155FF9F4" bold="true" box="[199,576,1610,1635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Similar species and conclusion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FD84F9B415ADF9F4" authorityName=", Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[585,690,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FD84F9B415ADF9F4" box="[585,690,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FD0FF9B4143CF9F4" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[706,803,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FD0FF9B4143CF9F4" box="[706,803,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. blumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FCFEF9B41366F9F4" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[819,1145,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FCFEF9B414DBF9F4" box="[819,964,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC399017FC00F9B21366F9F4" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[973,1145,1610,1635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FB79F9B4125DF9F4" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[1204,1346,1612,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FB79F9B4125DF9F4" box="[1204,1346,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. ternatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share a similar pinnule arrangement, but differ in their sclerite microstructure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FC05F996133EF910" box="[968,1057,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1570,1592]" captionTargetBox="[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[310,1277,301,1549]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia viridis Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 42). a. Ellipsoid platelets featuring rough granulated surface, arrow indicates surface furrow; b. Sclerites with surface crest, fractured; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, dendritic and sinuous, and radially arranged in peripheral region. Scale bar at a and b 0.010 mm, at c 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363683/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Figs 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FBFDF997135FF910" box="[1072,1088,1647,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[309,1277,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia blumi Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 44). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged; c. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363659/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FB83F9961375F910" box="[1102,1130,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[308,1278,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816, neotype (ZMTAU CO 36788). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerite enlarged, composed of a latticework matrix of calcite rods, in part aligned horizontally on surface; c. Fractured sclerite; d. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a, c and d 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363685/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">16</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC399017FB6BF99713DBF910" box="[1190,1220,1647,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1576,1598]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[309,1277,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896 holotype (SMF 43). a. Ellipsoid platelets, most fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic calcite rods; c. Sclerites with surface crest. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363681/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">14</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), and therefore it is concluded that they should be considered as separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AF94E1596F958" blockId="23.[151,1437,854,1743]" box="[199,649,1718,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF0AF94E167FF958" bold="true" box="[199,352,1718,1743]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC399017FEAAF94E16C7F958" box="[359,472,1718,1743]" name="Indonesia" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC399017FE2EF94F159AF958" box="[483,645,1718,1743]" name="Ternate Island" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Ternate Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |