446 lines
55 KiB
XML
446 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="CC0602AF98903714BD8ABF1EDE3869BA" ID-CLB-Dataset="9504" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1746426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a33c8231-6ff0-4198-ac1e-3e52fe251db3" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290471" ID-ZooBank="61D1A59D-3702-480A-B146-73067C29CD82" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606311042563" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van & Copeland, Robert S." docDate="2020" docId="14566979FFDF3A6784D4FDF8FB7E67FF" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.9-12.703-722.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tanaostigma Howard 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="708" masterDocId="E86F1101FFDC3A608530FF99FFFD6500" masterDocTitle="First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenopteraı Chalcidoideaı Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="703" pageNumber="705" updateTime="1698846559214" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="737C478FD10E03EB1CC372EBF4ADBA80">First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenopteraı Chalcidoideaı Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E5DEEE765EDECC4831F0C21DC9E5D53">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C1B3238EDB248BD07EF65A1A8C1F6A5">Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="920CF988C3284B77AE847BEA0B100EF3">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1EFC2BB624A3207046583D1DA27FFFF2">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="14566979FFDF3A6784D4FDF8FB7E67FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328723" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170529780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14566979FFDF3A6784D4FDF8FB7E67FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14566979FFDF3A6784D4FDF8FB7E67FF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="708" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDF3A6384D4FDF8FCC2677B" box="[484,831,609,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A6384D4FDF8FCC2677B" blockId="3.[484,831,609,635]" box="[484,831,609,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<heading id="C7086F03FFDF3A6384D4FDF8FCC2677B" box="[484,831,609,635]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A6384D4FDF8FCC2677B" ID-CoL="7SDK" ID-ENA="272300" authority="Howard, 1890" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[484,831,609,635]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A6384D4FDF8FD71677B" bold="true" box="[484,652,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFDF3A6387A4FDF8FCC2677B" author="Howard LO" box="[660,831,609,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref8086" refString="Howard LO. 1890. A new and remarkable encyrtid: is it parasitic? Insect Life. 3: 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1890">Howard, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BCEFFF41FFDF3A638590FD0FFEA067D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDF3A638590FD0FFC3F6616" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A638590FD0FFDBC67AE" blockId="3.[160,1156,662,790]" box="[160,577,662,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<treatmentCitation id="1D5EFE7EFFDF3A638590FD0FFDC067AE" author="Howard LO" box="[160,573,662,686]" page="148" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" year="1890">
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A638590FD0FFDC067AE" ID-CoL="7SDK" authority="Howard, 1890: 147 - 148" authorityName="Howard" authorityPageNumber="147 - 148" authorityYear="1890" box="[160,573,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638590FD0FFED367AE" box="[160,302,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFDF3A638405FD0FFDC067AE" author="Howard LO" box="[309,573,662,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref8086" refString="Howard LO. 1890. A new and remarkable encyrtid: is it parasitic? Insect Life. 3: 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1890">
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Howard, 1890: 147
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638734FD0FFDEC67AE" box="[516,529,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">–</emphasis>
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148
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A638590FD45FC3F6616" blockId="3.[160,1156,662,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BCEFFF41FFDF3A638590FD45FC3F6616" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<treatmentCitation id="1D5EFE7EFFDF3A638590FD45FD3967F4" author="Ashmead" box="[160,708,732,756]" page="291, 292, 392, 495" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" year="1904">
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A638590FD45FDCC67F4" authority="Ashmead, 1904: 291" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1904" box="[160,561,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Trichencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638590FD45FED267F4" box="[160,303,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Trichencyrtus</emphasis>
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Ashmead, 1904: 291
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</taxonomicName>
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,292,392,495.
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</treatmentCitation>
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<typeStatus id="434466CDFFDF3A6387E2FD45FCF567F4" box="[722,776,732,756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<treatmentCitation id="1D5EFE7EFFDF3A638649FD45FE926616" author="Ashmead" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" year="1904">
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A638649FD45FE926616" ID-CoL="7D33W" authority="Ashmead, 1904" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Trichencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapadae">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638649FD45FB7E67F4" box="[889,1155,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Trichencyrtus chapadae</emphasis>
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Ashmead, 1904
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, by original designation. Synonymy by
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<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFDF3A63861AFD67FC416616" author="LaSalle J" box="[810,956,766,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDF3A638776FD0FFEA067D1" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A638776FD0FFEA067D1" blockId="3.[160,1156,662,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<typeStatus id="434466CDFFDF3A638776FD0FFD8167AE" box="[582,636,662,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A6387EAFD0FFB8367AE" ID-CoL="54NRT" authority="Howard, 1890" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[730,1150,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursetiae">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A6387EAFD0FFC2067AE" box="[730,989,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Tanaostigma coursetiae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFDF3A6386D3FD0FFB8367AE" author="Howard LO" box="[995,1150,662,686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref8086" refString="Howard LO. 1890. A new and remarkable encyrtid: is it parasitic? Insect Life. 3: 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1890">Howard, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDF3A638590FCDAFD976087" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A638590FCDAFC0B665C" blockId="3.[160,1156,835,1415]" box="[160,1014,835,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638590FCDAFEE7665C" bold="true" box="[160,282,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Modified after
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<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFDF3A6384E1FCDDFD91665C" author="LaSalle J" box="[465,620,836,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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to incorporate the African species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A6385F0FCFEFD7D601F" blockId="3.[160,1156,835,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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Females of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A6384FEFCFEFDA2667F" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[462,607,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A6384FEFCFEFDA2667F" box="[462,607,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from other tanaostigmatids by the following unique characters: head and body with squamiform white setae (
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFDF3A638598FC35FEF266C4" box="[168,271,940,964]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Tanaostigma lasallei Holotype female. (a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus, dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290473/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(a,b), 3(a,b), and 5(a,b)); the Oriental species and most New World species have the funicular segments wider than long, except for
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A638607FC56FC4166E7" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[823,956,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="slossonae">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638607FC56FC4166E7" box="[823,956,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">T. slossonae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but in the three African species the first one or two segments are longer than wide or as wide as long; stigmal vein slender, straight, and perpendicular to the marginal vein in most New World species, but strongly curved and arising at an acute angle to marginal vein in the Neotropical species
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A638712FBC0FD6A6171" box="[546,663,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638712FBC0FD6A6171" box="[546,663,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">T. stanleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the Oriental
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A638673FBC0FC586171" box="[835,933,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638673FBC0FC586171" box="[835,933,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">T. indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and in all African species (
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFDF3A638438FBE5FE8F6194" box="[264,370,1148,1172]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Tanaostigma lasallei Holotype female. (a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus, dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290473/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(f), 3(f), and 5(f)). In all New World and the Oriental species the scape is 1.5
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638417FB07FEC961B6" box="[295,308,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">–</emphasis>
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2.5 times longer than wide with a flattened ventral expansion, however, this character is seen in many species of
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDF3A6387AEFB58FC0E61D9" authority="Ashmead. In" authorityName="Ashmead. In" box="[670,1011,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A6387AEFB58FCA961D9" box="[670,852,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Tanaostigmodes</emphasis>
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Ashmead. In
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</taxonomicName>
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the African species, the scape is more elongate with the ventral expansion reduced and restricted to the distal half of the scape.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A6385F0FAB0FD976087" blockId="3.[160,1156,835,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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Males of New World species have 4
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638749FAB0FD7B6041" box="[633,646,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">–</emphasis>
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5 funicular rami, sometimes the frons has a transverse furrow halfway between torulus and median ocellus. Males are unknown for the Afrotropical and Oriental species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDF3A658590FA2AFD5C64DE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="707" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A638590FA2AFB9560CC" blockId="3.[160,1128,1459,1484]" box="[160,1128,1459,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
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||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638590FA2AFE7660CC" bold="true" box="[160,395,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Generic description.</emphasis>
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Modified from
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFDF3A638772FA2DFD2360CC" author="LaSalle J" box="[578,734,1460,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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||
to incorporate the African species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A638590FA60FE8D637A" blockId="3.[160,1156,1529,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A638590FA60FF006312" bold="true" box="[160,253,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour usually mostly black to dark brown, sometimes with metallic tinge. Head usually with transverse white to yellow stripe on both face and lower frons, African clade and Oriental species without any stripes on head. Head and body usually with white squamiform setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDF3A6485F0F91CFECB6335" blockId="3.[160,1156,1529,1727]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1156,1460,1727]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="706" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDF3A6385F0F91CFF04639D" box="[192,249,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="705">Head</emphasis>
|
||
surface sculpture usually reticulate to imbricate; scrobal impression shallow, without well-defined margin; inter-antennal projection present and small or absent. Subocular sulcus complete. Antenna with scape 1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD83A6487C8FA2DFCF860CC" box="[760,773,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="706">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.5 times longer than wide, with flattened ventral expansion, which may be restricted to distal half. Funicular segments usually all wider than long, except in African clade where they are longer than wide or as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C88088E7FFD83A648590FA9EFE626059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290473/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="706" startId="4.[160,225,1287,1310]" targetBox="[164,1152,144,1254]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD83A648590FA9EFE626059" blockId="4.[160,1155,1287,1369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="706">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD83A648590FA9EFF01601E" bold="true" box="[160,252,1287,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="706">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD83A648434FA9EFE34601E" authorityName="Noort & Copeland" authorityYear="2020" box="[260,457,1287,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="706" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD83A648434FA9EFE34601E" box="[260,457,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="706">Tanaostigma lasallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holotype female. (a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus, dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD83A6585F0F9A6FE8A640E" blockId="4.[160,1156,1460,1727]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="707" pageId="4" pageNumber="706">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD83A6485F0F9A6FECB6357" box="[192,310,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="706">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
dorsally usually reticulate. Notauli usually complete, but may be absent posteriorly in the African species. Scutellum often with lateral glabrate area, absent in African clade. Propodeum variable, often with one or more medial carinae. Mesopleuron usually reticulate. Middle tibia often with longitudinal carina on dorsal margin. Wings usually hyaline, with slender, delicate veins, but fore wing may have modified stouter setae that create patterns or transverse bands. Stigmal vein either straight and perpendicular to postmarginal vein or curved and at an acute angle to postmarginal vein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A6585F0FE80FBE76454" blockId="5.[160,1156,142,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6585F0FE80FECF6431" box="[192,306,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
usually reticulate. Posterior margin of T2-T4 usually with medial incision, absent in African clade, except for indication on T2. Ovipositor slightly exerted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A6585F0FEC7FD5C64DE" blockId="5.[160,1156,142,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6585F0FEC7FF086476" box="[192,245,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(unknown in African species). Antenna with 4
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A65863DFEC7FCE76476" box="[781,794,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">–</emphasis>
|
||
5 long funicular rami. Funicular segments increasing in length distally. F6 longest funicular segment in species with five rami, shorter than F
|
||
<quantity id="5B07758AFFD93A65844EFE3DFE5564BC" box="[382,424,420,444]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
species with four rami. Frons often with transverse furrow about halfway between torulus and median ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD93A658590FD92FED3665C" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A658590FD92FEFA6724" blockId="5.[160,1156,523,860]" box="[160,263,523,548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590FD92FEFA6724" bold="true" box="[160,263,523,548]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Affinities</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A658590FDB6FED3665C" blockId="5.[160,1156,523,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658590FDB6FED36747" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[160,302,559,583]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590FDB6FED36747" box="[160,302,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still poorly defined, with the white squamiform setae, and wider than long and laterally compressed funicular segments proposed as synapomorphies defining the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6585C5FDEDFE75678C" author="LaSalle J" box="[245,392,628,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65879EFDEDFCD5678C" authorityName="LaSalle" authorityYear="1987" box="[686,808,628,652]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A65879EFDEDFCD5678C" box="[686,808,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">T. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65865AFDEDFC1C678C" authorityName="LaSalle" authorityYear="1987" box="[874,993,628,652]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A65865AFDEDFC1C678C" box="[874,993,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">T. impilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, do not have squamiform setae, hypothesised to be a character state reversal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A658680FD0EFBB967AF" author="LaSalle J" box="[944,1092,663,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658590FD20FEDF67D1" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[160,290,697,721]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="slossonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590FD20FEDF67D1" box="[160,290,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">T. slossonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has funicular segments that are not flattened and are subequal in length. In terms of antennal morphology, the African species are most similar to this species, rendering the former character state of compressed antennal segments as of no use in defining the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6584B0FCB8FDE76639" author="LaSalle J" box="[384,538,801,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provides a detailed discussion of generic concepts and delimitation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD93A658590FC10FCEE610A" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A658590FC10FCEE610A" blockId="5.[160,1156,905,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590FC10FECE66A2" bold="true" box="[160,307,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical and Oriental regions. Afrotropical records:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658431FC35FEB566C4" box="[257,328,940,964]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658463FC35FE1C66C4" box="[339,481,940,964]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Neotropical records:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6587E8FC35FCB466C4" box="[728,841,940,964]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658665FC35FC4166C4" box="[853,956,940,964]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6586F8FC35FBFA66C4" box="[968,1031,940,964]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658122FC35FB7D66C4" box="[1042,1152,940,964]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658590FC56FEE366E7" box="[160,286,975,999]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658400FC56FE9066E7" box="[304,365,975,999]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6584B0FC56FD9066E7" box="[384,621,975,999]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A65874FFC56FD2F66E7" box="[639,722,975,999]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6587D4FC56FC8D66E7" box="[740,880,975,999]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6586B2FC56FB7D66E7" box="[898,1152,975,999]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A658590FC6BFEEB610A" box="[160,278,1010,1034]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Nearctic records:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6584D3FC6BFDE8610A" box="[483,533,1010,1034]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Oriental record:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD93A6587E5FC6BFCF2610A" box="[725,783,1010,1034]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD93A658590FBAFFC9263BF" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A658590FBAFFE2D6087" blockId="5.[160,1156,1078,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590FBAFFDFC614F" bold="true" box="[160,513,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658413FBAFFE00614F" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[291,509,1078,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tanaostigmatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Phytophagous, usually associated with galls, presumed to be the primary gall-former (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A658724FBC3FD556172" author="LaSalle J" box="[532,680,1114,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A65878BFBC3FD0F6172" author="LaSalle J" box="[699,754,1114,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="507 - 537" refId="ref8192" refString="LaSalle J. 2005. Biology of gall inducers and evolution of gall induction in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tanaostigmatidae, Torymidae). In: Raman A, Schaefer CW, Withers TM, editors. Biology, ecology, and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Enfield (New Hampshire): Science Publishers, Inc.; p. 507 - 537." type="book chapter" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Exceptions include some Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658590FBE4FEAE6195" box="[160,339,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590FBE4FEAE6195" box="[160,339,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Tanaostigmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that are seed predators without gall formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6586C4FBE4FB836195" author="Lateef SS" box="[1012,1150,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="6" refId="ref8301" refString="Lateef SS. 1977. A new Hymenopteran pest (Tanaostigmodes sp. (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae) recorded on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan Millsp) at ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India. Trop Grains Bull. 7: 6." type="journal article" year="1977">Lateef 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A658590FB06FE9F61B7" author="Lateef SS & Reed W & LaSalle J" box="[160,354,1183,1207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="305 - 313" refId="ref8343" refString="Lateef SS, Reed W, LaSalle J. 1985. Tanaostigmodes cajaninae LaSalle, sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae), a potential pest of pigeonpea in India. Bull Entomol Res. 75: 305 - 313. doi: 10.1017 / S 0007485300014395." type="journal article" year="1985">Lateef et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some Brazilian and Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6587C6FB06FC5461B7" box="[758,937,1183,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6587C6FB06FC5461B7" box="[758,937,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Tanaostigmodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species develop as inquilines in cecidomyiid galls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6584CAFB5BFD1761DA" author="Fernandes GW & Martins RP & Tameirao-Neto E" box="[506,746,1218,1242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="117 - 123" refId="ref7915" refString="Fernandes GW, Martins RP, Tameirao-Neto E. 1987. Food web relationships involving Anadiplosis sp. galls (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Machaerium aculeatum (Leguminosae). Revista Brasileria de Botanica. 10: 117 - 123." type="journal article" year="1987">Fernandes et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6587C5FB5BFC7D61DA" author="LaSalle J" box="[757,896,1218,1242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), others are parasitoids of gall-forming cynipids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A65848EFB7CFD8B61FD" author="Tachikawa T" box="[446,630,1253,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="133 - 134" refId="ref8647" refString="Tachikawa T. 1973. Discovery of the hosts of Cynipencyrtus bicolor Ishii and Microterys tarumensis Tachikawa (Hymenoptera: ChalcidideaEncyrtidae). Trans Shikoku Entomol Soc. 11 (4): 133 - 134." type="journal article" year="1973">Tachikawa 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6587B4FB7CFD4661FD" author="Tachikawa T" box="[644,699,1253,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="69 - 71" refId="ref8684" refString="Tachikawa T. 1978. A note on the genus Cynipencyrtus Ishii (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae). Trans Shikoku Entomol Soc. 14 (1 - 2): 69 - 71." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6587FAFB7CFC2761FD" author="LaSalle J & Noyes JS" box="[714,986,1253,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1261 - 1264" refId="ref8263" refString="LaSalle J, Noyes JS. 1985. New family placement for the genus Cynipencyrtus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Tanaostigmatidae). J N Y Entomol Soc. 93 (4): 1261 - 1264." type="journal article" year="1985">LaSalle and Noyes 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6586D9FB7CFB8B61FD" author="LaSalle J" box="[1001,1142,1253,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gall formers usually attack woody trees and shrubs of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65812AFA9EFB7E601F" box="[1050,1155,1287,1311]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(= Leguminosae), a few attack species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6587A5FAB3FCC96042" box="[661,820,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658674FAB3FC2B6042" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[836,982,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65813AFAB3FB7C6042" box="[1034,1153,1322,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forming galls on stems, leaves, seeds, or in flowers (usually in deformed ovaries) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A658104FAD4FF2A6087" author="LaSalle J" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A6585D4FAF6FE396087" author="Gupta A & Joshi S" box="[228,452,1391,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="197 - 200" refId="ref8007" refString="Gupta A, Joshi S. 2016. The first record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae) in the old world, with the description of a new species from India. Zootaxa. 4193 (1): 197 - 200. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4193.1.13." type="journal article" year="2016">Gupta & Joshi, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD93A6585F0FA0BFC9263BF" blockId="5.[160,1156,1078,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
Host plant records for the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6587A0FA0BFCE360AA" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[656,798,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6587A0FA0BFCE360AA" box="[656,798,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A65810CFA0BFE7260CD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65810CFA0BFEF760CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="constricta">Acacia constricta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658428FA2CFE7C60CD" box="[280,385,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">T. stanleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6584A6FA2CFCCE60CD" authorityName="Rudd" authorityYear="1955" baseAuthorityName="Micheli" box="[406,819,1461,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Aeschynomene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="petraea" variety="madrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6584A6FA2CFD6C60CD" box="[406,657,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Aeschynomene petraea</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6587F5FA2CFCCE60CD" box="[709,819,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">madrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658609FA2CFE7F60EF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658672FA2CFC7A60CD" authorityName="LaSalle" authorityYear="1987" box="[834,903,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobo">T. lobo</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6586ACFA2CFB8060CD" box="[924,1149,1461,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Canavalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensiformis">Canavalia ensiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658590FA4EFEB960EF" box="[160,324,1495,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cratylia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moelis">Cratylia moelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658462FA4EFE7F60EF" box="[338,386,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inga</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6584D6FA4EFB7E6357" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6584DFFA4EFDA860EF" baseAuthorityName="Gomes" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[495,597,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gahani">T. gahani</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65875DFA4EFCE860EF" box="[621,789,1495,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striata">Galactia striata</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658615FA4EFC1C60EF" box="[805,993,1495,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Galactia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">Galactia volubilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6586C3FA4EFB8860EF" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1011,1141,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="slossonae">T. slossonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Haematoxylon brasiletto (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65848EFA63FDA06312" authorityName="Dozier" authorityYear="1932" box="[446,605,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoxyli">T. haematoxyli</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Haematoxylon campechianum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6586E6FA63FB896312" authorityName="Dozier" authorityYear="1932" box="[982,1140,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoxyli">T. haematoxyli</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658590F984FE6E6335" box="[160,403,1565,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lonchocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">Lonchocarpus latifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658495F984FDD36335" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[421,558,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursetiae">T. coursetiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658776F984FCA16335" box="[582,860,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Machaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robinifolium">Machaerium robinifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65865FF984FC1F6335" authorityName="LaSalle" authorityYear="1987" box="[879,994,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">T. bennetti</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6586CBF984FB7E6335" box="[1019,1155,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Machaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Machaerium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658598F9A6FED76357" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[168,298,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Trichencyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapadae">T. chapadae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65840EF9A6FDD36357" box="[318,558,1599,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strombulifera">Prosopis strombulifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65870CF9A6FCF96357" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[572,772,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosquamatum">T. albosquamatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658629F9A6FC156357" box="[793,1000,1599,1623]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acanthochaetetidae" genus="Willardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mexicana">Willardia mexicana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6586C6F9A6FB866357" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[1014,1147,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursetiae">T. coursetiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A658596F9FBFEC7637A" author="LaSalle J" box="[166,314,1634,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref8110" refString="LaSalle J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 23 (1): 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1987">LaSalle, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the Oriental species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65870BF9FBFD65637A" box="[571,664,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A65870BF9FBFD65637A" box="[571,664,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">T. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from a container containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A658590F91CFF05639D" box="[160,248,1669,1693]" class="Globothalamea" family="Millettiidae" genus="Millettia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A658590F91CFF05639D" box="[160,248,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Millettia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A65842FF91CFE73639D" box="[287,398,1669,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pongamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A65842FF91CFE73639D" box="[287,398,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">Pongamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD93A6584ADF91CFE0F639D" box="[413,498,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="707">pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
(L.) Panigrahi (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD93A6587AAF91CFCFA639D" box="[666,775,1669,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) leaves infested with galls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F86EA59EFFD93A65810DF91CFEB463BF" author="Gupta A & Joshi S" pageId="5" pageNumber="707" pagination="197 - 200" refId="ref8007" refString="Gupta A, Joshi S. 2016. The first record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae) in the old world, with the description of a new species from India. Zootaxa. 4193 (1): 197 - 200. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4193.1.13." type="journal article" year="2016">Gupta and Joshi 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Biology of the Afrotropical species is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDA3A668590FF17FD8265A6" box="[160,639,142,166]" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDA3A668590FF17FD8265A6" blockId="6.[160,639,142,166]" box="[160,639,142,166]" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
Key to Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDA3A6684C1FF17FD8265A6" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[497,639,142,166]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDA3A6684C1FF17FD8265A6" box="[497,639,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFDA3A67858FFDC3FB7E67FF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" type="key">
|
||
<key id="E86E8F5EFFDA3A67858FFDC3FB7E67FF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<caption id="C88088E7FFDA3A66858FFDC3FB7E61E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290934/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" targetBox="[160,659,195,575]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDA3A66858FFDC3FB7E61E9" blockId="6.[191,1155,602,696]" lastBlockId="6.[223,1155,1129,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<keyStep id="270BC0CAFFDA3A66858FFDC3FB7E61E9" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<keyLead id="270E7B5AFFDA3A66858FFDC3FB7E61E9" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
1. Fore wing with broad brown central infuscation (a); propodeum with complete medial longitudinal carina (b); axillar grooves meet at trans-scutellar sulcus (b); hind femur and fore tibia all black ............................. .............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDA3A66868AFD39FBE067B8" authority="Noort & Copeland, 2020" authorityName="Noort & Copeland" authorityYear="2020" box="[954,1053,672,696]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasallei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDA3A66868AFD39FBE067B8" box="[954,1053,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">T. lasallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDA3A668115FD39FB7E67B8" bold="true" box="[1061,1155,672,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5B8B906FFDA3A668115FD39FB7E67B8" box="[1061,1155,672,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
- Fore wing with narrow transverse band of dark setae (a); propodeum either without carina or with the medial longitudinal carina only present anteriorly for a very short distance (b); axillar grooves meet trans-scutellar sulcus independently (b); hind femur and fore tibia with distal end orangish-brown ........................................................ 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C88088E7FFDA3A67858FF9ADFB7E67FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290946/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="6" pageNumber="708" targetBox="[160,489,1291,1545]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFDA3A67858FF9ADFB7E67FF" blockId="6.[191,1156,1588,1716]" lastBlockId="7.[223,1155,535,767]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<keyStep id="270BC0CAFFDA3A67858FF9ADFB7E67FF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
<keyLead id="270E7B5AFFDA3A67858FF9ADFB7E67FF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="6" pageNumber="708">
|
||
2. Fore wing band with fewer, more pale, and less densely distributed setae (a); fore wing twice as long as wide (a); postmarginal vein as long as stigmal vein (a); squamiform white setae stouter and individually more widely spaced on head (b) and other areas of the body; mesopleuron with coarse reticulate sculpturing (c); metanotal trough with three large metanotal fovea, not extending medially beyond small central metanotal fovea ........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDB3A6786FCFF2BFBE365CA" authority="Noort & Copeland, 2020" authorityName="Noort & Copeland" authorityYear="2020" box="[972,1054,178,202]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="709" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDB3A6786FCFF2BFBE365CA" box="[972,1054,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="709">T. mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDB3A678115FF2BFB7E65CA" bold="true" box="[1061,1155,178,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5B8B906FFDB3A678115FF2BFB7E65CA" box="[1061,1155,178,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="709" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
- Fore wing band with numerous dark, densely distributed setae (a); fore wing 2.5 times as long as wide (a); postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal vein (a); squamiform white setae more elongate and densely distributed on head (b) and other areas of the body; mesopleuron with finer, more numerous reticulate sculpturing (c); metanotal trough with a single large metanotal fovea laterad of small central fovea, with narrow elongate fovea anteriorly situated, with three pit-like fovea present medially of central metanotal fovea..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFDB3A6786B9FD7EFBDD67FF" authority="Noort & Copeland, 2020" authorityName="Noort & Copeland" authorityYear="2020" box="[905,1056,743,767]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="709" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ukumbusho" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDB3A6786B9FD7EFBDD67FF" box="[905,1056,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="709">T. ukumbusho</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFDB3A678117FD7EFB7E67FF" bold="true" box="[1063,1155,743,767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5B8B906FFDB3A678117FD7EFB7E67FF" box="[1063,1155,743,767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="709" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |