209 lines
25 KiB
XML
209 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="708EF58BB7F06CFEB9E08216238E5B1D" ID-CLB-Dataset="54359" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95f4a28d-f058-4cb0-9ad3-bf8652c3ed04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7888156" ID-ZooBank="F60E9DF7-6E56-449E-B6D8-4069D4F9D1D0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682928899127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2023" docId="F8463F14405A9C7AFF196586FA13A968" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5274.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5274 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cardiocondyla elegans var. eleonorae Forel 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="047F476C407E9C5FFF8E6709FF89A80D" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1699493006202" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="41A8E1644F7F4706FF5379E48E90BFF0">A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E757954BE52AB28F5E0505A480E1815">Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="23F7CC5DF680CC9B8DD42D84D7CCA115">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C0556D9232A9DCE10F728E90A3F7BB13">
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<mods:date id="C6D79A387EB7C26C5949375DEABBE36E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A7C65014D8D703AD1423E454C924346C">2023-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DA3E582CFDD30DDCD3083EF091964B0B">5274</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="59D199DAAE20063DFCE0E11A0402E218">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6D73B67602359F20FD079FB2088E1CED">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B354FFC3C2FE40494639CB66034F683C" type="CLB-Dataset">54359</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="90CC6F42C2A2D49DC538A809C99B8ACB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F8463F14405A9C7AFF196586FA13A968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7893248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209580628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7893248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F14405A9C7AFF196586FA13A968" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8463F14405A9C7AFF196586FA13A968" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD89405A9C7BFF196586FC2CAAA4" box="[151,933,654,681]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="70508E02405A9C7BFF196586FC2CAAA4" blockId="36.[151,1437,654,753]" box="[151,933,654,681]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="2B18396E405A9C7BFF196586FC2CAAA4" box="[151,933,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFF196586FD4BAAA4" ID-CoL="5G7QY" authority="Forel 1911" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,706,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="elegans" variety="eleonorae">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFF196586FE12AAA4" box="[151,411,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cardiocondyla elegans</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFE5C6586FDCBAAA4" box="[466,578,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">eleonorae</emphasis>
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Forel 1911
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A0405A9C7BFD416586FC84AAA4" box="[719,781,655,681]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">types</typeStatus>
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investigated]
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD89405A9C7BFF1965BAFCA6ACAC" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="70508E02405A9C7BFF1965BAFBA1AAFC" blockId="36.[151,1437,654,753]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<materialsCitation id="C087845F405A9C7BFF1965BAFBADAAFC" collectorName="Geneve" country="Turkey" location="This" municipality="Investigated" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" stateProvince="Izmir" typeStatus="syntype">
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<location id="7530D8D9405A9C7BFF1965BAFF40AAC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F14405A9C7AFF196586FA13A968:7530D8D9405A9C7BFF1965BAFF40AAC0" box="[151,201,691,717]" country="Turkey" municipality="Investigated" name="This" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Izmir">This</location>
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taxon has been described from
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<collectingRegion id="B22B40E0405A9C7BFDB465BAFD18AAC0" box="[570,657,691,717]" country="Turkey" name="Izmir" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Smyrna</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="B22B40E0405A9C7BFD2C65BAFD6BAAC3" box="[674,738,691,718]" country="Turkey" name="Izmir" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Izmir</collectingRegion>
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) in
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE92405A9C7BFC9F65BAFCEAAAC0" box="[785,867,691,717]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="90341478405A9C7BFCFE65BAFC70AAC0" box="[880,1017,691,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Investigated</collectingMunicipality>
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were
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B405A9C7BFBCF65BAFB41AAC0" box="[1089,1224,691,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="worker">four worker</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A0405A9C7BFB5F65BAFABFAAC0" box="[1233,1334,691,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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, labelled “
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFF2D65DEFE33AAFC" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1911" box="[163,442,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="elegans" variety="eleonorae">C.e. var. eleonorae Forel</taxonomicName>
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, type, Plage de Cocarimali pr. Smyrne”, MHN
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD4405A9C7BFC4565DEFBADAAFC" box="[971,1060,727,753]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Genève</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70508E02405A9C7BFF196417FB6AAC38" blockId="36.[151,1437,798,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFF196417FE2AAB35" bold="true" box="[151,419,798,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">All material examined</emphasis>
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. Numeric phenotypical data were taken in 40 samples with
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B405A9C7BFBC46416FB5FAB34" box="[1098,1238,799,825]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="worker">102 workers</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE92405A9C7BFA936416FAF4AB34" box="[1309,1405,799,825]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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(8 samples),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE92405A9C7BFE84644AFED0AB50" box="[266,345,835,861]" name="Greece" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Greece</collectingCountry>
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(3), North
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<collectingRegion id="B22B40E0405A9C7BFE54644AFDD1AB50" box="[474,600,835,861]" country="Greece" name="Dytiki Makedonia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Makedonia</collectingRegion>
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(1),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE92405A9C7BFD1E644AFD69AB50" box="[656,736,835,861]" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(27) and unknown locality (1). For details see supplementary information SI1, SI2. One fully typical worker specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFCE2646EFB04AB8C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[876,1165,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFCE2646EFB04AB8C" box="[876,1165,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cardiocondyla bulgarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was placed by Cedric Collingwood together with
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B405A9C7BFE5E6482FDC9ABA8" box="[464,576,907,933]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFDE66482FD4EABA9" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1905" box="[616,711,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFDE66482FD4EABA9" box="[616,711,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C. nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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into a tube labelled “
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<quantity id="B71723E7405A9C7BFC356482FB8CABA8" box="[955,1029,907,933]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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S of
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<collectingRegion id="B22B40E0405A9C7BFBCA6482FB3DABA8" box="[1092,1204,907,933]" country="Tunisia" name="Medenine" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Medenine</collectingRegion>
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/
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE92405A9C7BFB426482FAACABA8" box="[1228,1317,907,933]" name="Tunisia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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”. Whereas the occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFEED64A6FE4BABC5" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1905" box="[355,450,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFEED64A6FE4BABC5" box="[355,450,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C. nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at this locality is certainly a matter of fact, it appears impossible that a Balkan-Turkish ant, not showing any tramp species properties, might occur in small village in the Sahara Desert. The most probable reason for this disturbing observation is that Collingwood transferred the
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFC6B64FEFBFCAC1C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[997,1141,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFC6B64FEFBFCAC1C" box="[997,1141,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C. bulgarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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worker after side-by-side stereomicroscopic comparison with unmounted specimens from other localities into a wrong tube.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70508E02405A9C7BFF196337FCA6ACAC" blockId="36.[151,1437,798,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFF196337FEF9AC54" bold="true" box="[151,368,1086,1113]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Geographic range</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFE0F6336FD98AC54" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[385,529,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFE0F6336FD98AC54" box="[385,529,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C. bulgarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is so far only known from a comparably small area in the
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD4405A9C7BFB326336FAA6AC54" box="[1212,1327,1087,1113]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S Balkans</collectorName>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE92405A9C7BFAE76336FF54AC70" name="Turkey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
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but it is the most abundant
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405A9C7BFDA7636AFCA2AC70" box="[553,811,1123,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFDA7636AFD59AC70" box="[553,720,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cardiocondyla</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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in this region. The findings range from the
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<geoCoordinate id="15DBE8C5405A9C7BFAA1636AFAF4AC70" box="[1327,1405,1123,1149]" degrees="21.7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="21.7">21.7°E</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="15DBE8C5405A9C7BFF19638EFF6EACAC" box="[151,231,1159,1185]" degrees="41.1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="41.1">41.1°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="15DBE8C5405A9C7BFF7C638EFECAACAC" box="[242,323,1159,1185]" degrees="36.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="36.2">36.2°N</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="15DBE8C5405A9C7BFEE9638EFE3EACAC" box="[359,439,1159,1185]" degrees="42.6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="5555" value="42.6">42.6°N</geoCoordinate>
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and from sea level up to
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<quantity id="B71723E7405A9C7BFD5D638EFCA2ACAC" box="[723,811,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1800.0">
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<elevation id="FBC26931405A9C7BFD5D638EFCA2ACAC" box="[723,811,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD89405A9C7AFF1963A3FE83A910" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="70508E02405A9C7BFF1963A3FADDAFB4" blockId="36.[151,1437,798,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFF1963A3FE83ACC9" bold="true" box="[151,266,1194,1220]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: --Worker (
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<tableCitation id="3D6DBBB9405A9C7BFE1E63A2FE53ACC8" box="[400,474,1195,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="39.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of workers of the Cardiocondyla ulianini group. Explanation of data arrangement as in Tab. 1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2490DE8A40599C78FF16679EFA15A8BD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="2490DE8A40599C78FF16679EFA15A8BD">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E8D49287405A9C7BFE6963A2FDE6ACC8" box="[487,623,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–45" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,1112,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-55@15.[243,1345,1112,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 42–45. Cardiocondyla bulgarica; Fig. 42: head in dorsal view; Fig. 43: lateral view; Fig. 44: dorsal view; Fig. 45: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Bulgaria: Burgas-7 km S, 2003.09.30" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888231/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 42–45</figureCitation>
|
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, key; images CASENT0179879, CASENT0904462, CASENT0908338, and CASENT0908339 in www.antweb.org). Medium-sized, CS 512 µm. Head much elongated, CL/CW 1.201. Postocular distance very large, PoOc/CL 0.451. Scape moderately long, SL/CS 0.809. Eye medium-sized, EYE/ CS 0.240. Median third of hind margin of head straight or slightly concave. Frons broad (FRS/CS 0.260), frontal carinae immediately caudal of FRS level usually parallel, sometimes slightly diverging, rarely converging (FL/FR 1.007). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a well-developed metanotal depression (MGr/CS 3.32 %). Spines rather short (SP/CS 0.112), usually triangular in lateral view with the spine axis deviating 42° from longitudinal mesosomal axis; spine bases widely distant, SPBA/CS 0.279. Petiole very wide and as high as wide (PeW/CS 0.338, PeH/CS 0.337), its node wider than long, in profile with a moderately long peduncle that is about 1.6fold as long as high and with a rather steep anterior slope of the node (about 63° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole relatively wide and high (PpW/CS 0.557, PpH/CS 0.311) but only 1.65fold as wide as petiole and not heart-shaped in dorsal view; postpetiolar sternite with weak anteromedian bulge. Clypeus rather smooth, weak lateral carinulae and suggestions of foveolae may be present. Frontal laminae, area posterior of frontal lobes and genae finely longitudinally carinulate-rugulose. Vertex with shallow but well-demarcated foveolae of 17.0 µm mean diameter; interspaces about as wide as foveolae, glabrous and with fragments of very fine stickman-like structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8D49287405A9C7BFEC961CEFE14AEEC" box="[327,413,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–45" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,1112,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-55@15.[243,1345,1112,1938]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 42–45. Cardiocondyla bulgarica; Fig. 42: head in dorsal view; Fig. 43: lateral view; Fig. 44: dorsal view; Fig. 45: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Bulgaria: Burgas-7 km S, 2003.09.30" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888231/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesosoma in overall impression more or less glabrous, only with very delicate reticular structures; promesonotum with scattered, shallow foveolae; meso- and metapleurae with suggestions of longitudinal carinulae. Waist segments smooth and shiny. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on gaster tergites short and dilute, PLG/CS 5.66 %, sqPDG 5.02. Head usually medium brown with a warm yellowish tinge, sometimes dark brown. Mesosoma and petiole varying between yellow and medium brown, but warm yellowish tinge even in darkest specimens always visible. Postpetiole yellowish brown to dark brown. Gaster dark brown. Pigmentation contrast between dorsal head and mesosoma usually clearly expressed, PigCap/PigMes 1.38 ±0.24 [1.0,2.0].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E02405A9C7AFF1960CBFE83A910" blockId="36.[151,1437,798,2013]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405A9C7BFF1960CBFD3FAFD0" bold="true" box="[151,694,1986,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taxonomic comments and clustering results</emphasis>
|
||
. On the nest sample level and without selection among all 17 available NUMOBAT characters, 40 samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFD49679EFC6CA8BC" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[711,997,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFD49679EFC6CA8BC" box="[711,997,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cardiocondyla bulgarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are separable from 48 samples of the similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFEC667B2FE5DA8D8" authorityName=", Forel" authorityYear="1913" box="[328,468,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahlbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFEC667B2FE5DA8D8" box="[328,468,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. sahlbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFD8067B2FD1AA8D9" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2003" box="[526,659,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFD8067B2FD1AA8D9" box="[526,659,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. persiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by five exploratory data analyses with a mean error of 0.45% (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8D49287405B9C7AFAE167B2FF4CA8F4" captionStart="FIGURE 137" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[174,1426,217,1121]" captionTargetId="graphics-42@56.[346,1421,217,704]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 137. Separation of nest samples of Cardiocondyla bulgarica (black bars) from a combined cluster of C. sahlbergi and C. persiana (red bars) by NC-Ward, NC-part.hclust, NC-part.kmeans, NC-NMDS.kmeans clustering and a principal component analysis. The white bar indicates an outlier in NC-part.hclust. The mean classification error of the four exploratory data analyses relative to the controlling linear discriminant analysis is 0.45%.All 17 available NUMOBAT characters were processed without character selection." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888313/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 137</figureCitation>
|
||
). All
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF5430A0405B9C7AFE8E67D6FEB9A8F4" box="[256,304,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFE4167D6FDD5A8F4" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[463,604,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFE4167D6FDD5A8F4" box="[463,604,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. bulgarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFD1F67D6FCA8A8F4" box="[657,801,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eleonorae">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFD1F67D6FCA8A8F4" box="[657,801,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. eleonorae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were allocated by a LDA to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFB0967D6FA9AA8F4" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[1159,1299,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFB0967D6FA9AA8F4" box="[1159,1299,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. bulgarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster with p> 0.999.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38F5DD89405B9C7AFF19662FFA13A968" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E02405B9C7AFF19662FFA13A968" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFF19662FFF7EA94D" bold="true" box="[151,247,294,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFE8D662EFDAAA94C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[259,547,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgarica">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFE8D662EFDAAA94C" box="[259,547,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cardiocondyla bulgarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to use a wider habitat spectrum than other species. It was found in xerothermous grasslands, a sandy salt marsh, a forest-covered stream course and in a woodland-steppe with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF581405B9C7AFADD6642FA1AA969" box="[1363,1427,331,356]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B5210405B9C7AFADD6642FA1AA969" box="[1363,1427,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |