258 lines
30 KiB
XML
258 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="1B01DCF8E39827D5ACD8D153B5206DA2" ID-CLB-Dataset="54359" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95f4a28d-f058-4cb0-9ad3-bf8652c3ed04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7888156" ID-ZooBank="F60E9DF7-6E56-449E-B6D8-4069D4F9D1D0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682928899127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2023" docId="F8463F1440569C76FF1967D6FEFBA9F8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5274.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5274 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cardiocondyla batesii Forel 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="047F476C407E9C5FFF8E6709FF89A80D" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1699493006202" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="620DF454AED3463449100E5F0C702320">A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2B1BF613A53253361F95DC9DAF387B8">Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="73227C0FF2DAA2AE4D37BB674CE6A326">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D635A94E29F1D2AC47143099256B97BD">
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<mods:date id="46F5C7F25738104217D80690A1962369">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="28AAF9005B9A311693C3396F6AA8FD8D">2023-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E988B5DC6EE60864802FCF16655F7FCC">5274</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="169B456304F43EFBAE2613D5ED18730D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3E8D46C812859747CDE5681C78368D9F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5ED93B970D4124552FB2F5EEC31B7CDC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F8463F1440569C76FF1967D6FEFBA9F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7893254" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209580631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7893254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440569C76FF1967D6FEFBA9F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8463F1440569C76FF1967D6FEFBA9F8" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C77FF1967D6FD7BA8F4" box="[151,754,222,250]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF1967D6FD7BA8F4" blockId="40.[151,1436,222,357]" box="[151,754,222,250]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="2B18396E40569C77FF1967D6FD7BA8F4" box="[151,754,222,250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FF1967D6FD98A8F4" ID-CoL="R5B7" ID-ENA="235542" authority="Forel 1894" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,529,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
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<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF1967D6FE19A8F4" box="[151,400,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cardiocondyla batesii</emphasis>
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Forel 1894
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A040569C77FD9067E9FDD8A8F7" box="[542,593,224,250]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
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investigation]
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C77FF19660AFF7DA968" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF19660AFF7DA968" blockId="40.[151,1436,222,357]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<materialsCitation id="C087845F40569C77FF19660AFF79A968" country="Algeria" location="Algeria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-worker="5" typeStatus="syntype">
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This taxon has been described from
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FDCF660AFD10A910" box="[577,665,259,285]" name="Algeria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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. Investigated were
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B40569C77FCF5660AFC6BA910" box="[891,994,259,286]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="worker">5 worker</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A040569C77FC63660DFBC6A913" box="[1005,1103,260,286]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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labelled “
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FB46660AFAB7A910" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[1224,1342,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">C. Batesii</taxonomicName>
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, € type, Perregaux Algerie 29 III”, and 4 gyne
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A040569C77FDB16621FD28A94F" box="[575,673,296,322]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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labelled “
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FC9C662EFC0AA94C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[786,899,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">C. Batesii</taxonomicName>
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, $ type, Perregaux
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FBDB662EFB20A94C" box="[1109,1193,295,321]" name="Algeria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Algerie</collectingCountry>
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29 III”, both in MHN Genève
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C77FF19669AFE5EA9F8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF19669AFE5EA9F8" blockId="40.[151,1437,403,1654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF19669AFE2CA9A0" bold="true" box="[151,421,403,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">All material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="C087845F40569C77FE3B669AFA11A9DF" country="Algeria" location="For" municipality="This" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="37" specimenCount-worker="37">
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Numeric phenotypical data were available in 18 samples (largely nest samples) with
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B40569C77FA0E669AFF7CA9DC" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="worker">37 workers</specimenCount>
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.
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<location id="7530D8D940569C77FE8C66B1FEA0A9DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440569C76FF1967D6FEFBA9F8:7530D8D940569C77FE8C66B1FEA0A9DF" box="[258,297,440,466]" country="Algeria" municipality="This" name="For" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">For</location>
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details see supplementary information SI1, SI2.
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<collectingMunicipality id="9034147840569C77FCEF66BEFC1AA9DC" box="[865,915,439,465]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">This</collectingMunicipality>
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material originated from
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FB3366BEFA98A9DC" box="[1213,1297,439,465]" name="Algeria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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(1 sample)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="C087845F40569C77FF1966D5FEADA9F8" box="[151,292,475,502]" country="Morocco" isTailEnumeration="true" location="For" municipality="This" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FF1966D5FF75A9FB" box="[151,252,476,502]" name="Morocco" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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(3)
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</materialsCitation>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FED466D2FE13A9F8" box="[346,410,475,501]" name="Spain" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(14).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C77FF1966F6FD61AA6C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF1966F6FD61AA6C" blockId="40.[151,1437,403,1654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF1966F6FEE4AA14" bold="true" box="[151,365,511,537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Geographic range</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="C087845F40569C77FEF566F6FD6DAA6C" collectorName="In S" country="Morocco" elevation="930" latitude="41.8" location="Unverified" longLatPrecision="6929" longitude="6.6" municipality="Balearic Islands" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="930">
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Based on determined vouchers distributed from N
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FC226509FB98AA17" box="[940,1041,512,538]" name="Morocco" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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(6.8°W) east to NE
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FB7E66F6FACDAA14" box="[1264,1348,511,537]" name="Algeria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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(6.6°E) and from S
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FEAF652AFEE8AA30" box="[289,353,547,573]" name="Spain" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spain</collectingCountry>
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north to 41.8°N.
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD440569C77FDA0652DFDD6AA30" box="[558,607,547,574]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">In S</collectorName>
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FDE9652AFD2EAA30" box="[615,679,547,573]" name="Spain" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spain</collectingCountry>
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ascending to
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B40569C77FCC6652AFC10AA33" box="[840,921,547,574]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">
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<quantity id="B71723E740569C77FCC6652AFC1CAA33" box="[840,917,547,574]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="930.0">
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<elevation id="FBC2693140569C77FCC6652AFC1CAA33" box="[840,917,547,574]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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<location id="7530D8D940569C77FC2F652AFB93AA30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440569C76FF1967D6FEFBA9F8:7530D8D940569C77FC2F652AFB93AA30" box="[929,1050,547,573]" country="Morocco" latitude="41.8" longLatPrecision="6929" longitude="6.6" municipality="Balearic Islands" name="Unverified" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Unverified</location>
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records presented in antmaps.org include S
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FE896541FEE6AA6F" box="[263,367,584,610]" name="Morocco" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FEF4654EFE44AA6C" box="[378,461,583,609]" name="Tunisia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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and the
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<collectingMunicipality id="9034147840569C77FDA2654EFD6DAA6C" box="[556,740,583,609]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Balearic Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C77FF196562FD4FAEEC" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF196562FC4FAD5B" blockId="40.[151,1437,403,1654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF196562FE83AA88" bold="true" box="[151,266,619,645]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: --Worker (
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<tableCitation id="3D6DBBB940569C77FE1C6562FE55AA88" box="[402,476,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="49.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of workers of the Cardiocondyla batesii group. Explanation of data arrangement as in Tab. 1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2490DE8A404F9C6EFF16679EFA18A8A2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="2490DE8A404F9C6EFF16679EFA18A8A2">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E8D4928740569C77FE656562FDFDAA8B" box="[491,628,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[238,1349,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[238,1349,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. Cardiocondyla batesii; Fig. 54: head in dorsal view; Fig. 55: lateral view; Fig. 56: dorsal view; Fig. 57: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Spain: Padul-4.5 km WNW, 2001.04.18" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888241/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 54–57</figureCitation>
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, key; images under CASENT 0908335 in www.antweb.org). Medium-sized, CS 518 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.177. Postocular distance small, PoOc/CL 0.383. Scape moderately elongated, SL/CS 0.791. Eye large, EYE/CS 0.264. Median third of hind margin of head slightly concave. Frons moderately broad (FRS/CS 0.244), frontal notably converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.077). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a deep metanotal depression (MGr/ CS 3.82 %). Spines rather short and blunt, more triangular (SP/CS 0.117), their axis in profile deviating by about 43° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases rather distant (SPBA/CS 0.257). Petiole distinctly higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.282, PeH/CS 0.330); with characteristic profile, showing a short peduncle, a rather straight to weakly convex anterior face and an ample node with the anterior slope less steep than the caudal slope (about 60° respectively 75° relative to ventral profile). Petiole in dorsal view with elongated node that gradually merges with the anterior peduncle. Postpetiole wide (PpW/CS 0.533, PpW /PeW 1.89, PpH/CS 0.286), in dorsal view suggestively heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite completely flat. Median and paramedian clypeus smooth; lateral clypeus with 1–2 longitudinal rugulae. Dorsal head almost without longitudinal sculpture; weak longitudinal carinulae are present on and posterior of the frontal laminae. Vertex with very shallow foveolae of 15–16 µm diameter; the margins of foveolae often breached by microrugulae running partially or entirely through the foveolae; the interspaces on average wider than foveolar diameter, shiny and with fragments of a very delicate microreticulum (
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<figureCitation id="E8D4928740569C77FD0463A2FD54ACCB" box="[650,733,1195,1222]" captionStart="FIGURES 54–57" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[238,1349,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[238,1349,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 54–57. Cardiocondyla batesii; Fig. 54: head in dorsal view; Fig. 55: lateral view; Fig. 56: dorsal view; Fig. 57: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Spain: Padul-4.5 km WNW, 2001.04.18" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888241/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
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). Dorsal mesosoma shiny, but finely microreticulate; meso- and metapleurae finely rugulose-reticulate. Waist segments very shiny, with barely visible microreticulum. Pubescence on gaster tergites moderately long and dense, PLG/CS 5.55 %, sqPDG 4.84. The typical color pattern is bicolored: dorsal head medium brown, mesosoma and waist light orange brown, gaster dark brown. This distinct color contrast may be lost in rarely occurring specimens with darker brown mesosoma.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF196256FA81AE78" blockId="40.[151,1437,403,1654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF196256FD10AD74" bold="true" box="[151,665,1375,1401]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Taxonomic comments and clustering results</emphasis>
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. The only species with sympatric occurrence related to
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FB7B6256FF6BAD90" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
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<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FB7B6256FF6BAD90" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cardiocondyla batesii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FE86628DFE61AD90" box="[264,488,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FE86628DFEE5AD90" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1905" box="[264,364,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">C. nigra</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FEF7628DFE61AD90" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[377,488,1411,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">C. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is strongly separable on the worker individual level by a PCA considering all the 14 morphometric characters shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D6DBBB940569C77FDDB62AEFD17ADCC" box="[597,670,1447,1473]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="49.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of workers of the Cardiocondyla batesii group. Explanation of data arrangement as in Tab. 1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2490DE8A404F9C6EFF16679EFA18A8A2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="2490DE8A404F9C6EFF16679EFA18A8A2">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
|
||
as available for all 132 individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8D4928740569C77FBC162AEFB3AADCC" box="[1103,1203,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 109–113" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1019,1043]" captionTargetBox="[251,1337,181,996]" captionTargetId="figure-31@24.[251,1337,181,996]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 109–113. Cardiocondyla obscurior; Fig. 109: head in dorsal view; Fig. 110: lateral view; Fig. 111: dorsal view; Fig. 112: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex; Fig. 113: frontolateral aspect of waist segments. Galapagos: Santa Cruz, 2012.11.19" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888293/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
|
||
). All classifications, including the single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FEF562C2FE4FADE8" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[379,454,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FEF562C2FE4FADE8" box="[379,454,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">batesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker displaced by the PCA, are confirmed with p> 0.97 by a LOOCV-LDA reduced to the 10 characters CS, CL/CW, SL/CS, PoOc/CS, dFOV, PeW/CS, PeH/CS, PpH/CS, sqPDG, and PLG/CS in order to avoid character overfitting. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF5430A040569C77FDD4611DFD03AE23" box="[602,650,1556,1582]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FD7A611DFCD8AE20" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1905" box="[756,849,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FD7A611DFCD8AE20" box="[756,849,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FCD0611DFC7CAE20" box="[862,1013,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torretassoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FCD0611DFC7CAE20" box="[862,1013,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. torretassoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FBA5611DFB4DAE20" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2003" box="[1067,1220,1555,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FBA5611DFB4DAE20" box="[1067,1220,1555,1582]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. bicoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are allocated to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FF196131FF5DAE5C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,212,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF196131FF5DAE5C" box="[151,212,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster with p = 1.000 and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF5430A040569C77FDA06131FDD7AE5F" box="[558,606,1592,1618]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FD446131FCBCAE5C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[714,821,1591,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FD446131FCBCAE5C" box="[714,821,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. batesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with p = 1.000 to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FBA5613EFBFFAE5C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[1067,1142,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FBA5613EFBFFAE5C" box="[1067,1142,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">batesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster. A simpler way for a perfect separation, using six primary measurements given in mm, is offered by a linear discriminant
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF1961AAFBE3AEB3" blockId="40.[151,1130,1699,1798]" box="[151,1130,1699,1726]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">D(6) = 63.22*CL-63.18*PoOc+55.89*SL+64.64*PeW-184.93*PeH-93.82*PpH-11.19.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF1961C1FD4FAEEC" blockId="40.[151,1130,1699,1798]" box="[151,710,1734,1762]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FF1961C1FE8AAEEC" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,259,1735,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF1961C1FE8AAEEC" box="[151,259,1735,1762]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. batesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
D(6) -2.459 ± 0.892 [-4.11, -0.53] n=37
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C77FF1961E5FAD5AF9B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF1961E5FD4EAF0B" blockId="40.[151,1130,1699,1798]" box="[151,711,1770,1798]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FF1961E5FF7CAF08" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,245,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF1961E5FF7CAF08" box="[151,245,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
D(6) 2.786 ± 1.038 [0.53, 5.20] n=95
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240569C77FF49603AFAD5AF9B" blockId="40.[151,1437,1843,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Allopatric species with similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FD0F603DFD66AF40" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[641,751,1843,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FD0F603DFD66AF40" box="[641,751,1843,1870]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. batesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FCA8603DFC35AF40" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2003" box="[806,956,1843,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semirubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FCA8603DFC35AF40" box="[806,956,1843,1870]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. semirubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FB88603AFB00AF40" box="[1030,1161,1843,1869]" name="Turkey" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140569C77FB48603DFAD5AF40" authorityName="Pisarski" authorityYear="1967" box="[1222,1372,1843,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kushanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FB48603DFAD5AF40" box="[1222,1372,1843,1870]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C. kushanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FF19605EFEADAF7C" box="[151,292,1879,1905]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Non-overlapping morphometric data and structural differences provide arguments to treat these taxa as heterospecific in addition to the geographic argument (see the sections treating these species, p. 43, p. 45).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940569C76FF196096FEFBA9F8" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240569C76FF196096FEFBA9F8" blockId="40.[151,1437,1843,2014]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF196096FF78AFB4" bold="true" box="[151,241,1951,1977]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. The biology of populations in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240569C77FD5F6096FC98AFB4" box="[721,785,1951,1977]" name="Spain" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
was investigated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="147EF3F340569C77FB876096FB7AAFB4" author="Heinze, J. & Schrempf, A. & Seifert, B. & Tinaut, A." box="[1033,1267,1951,1977]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="129 - 132" refId="ref43027" refString="Heinze, J., Schrempf, A., Seifert, B. & Tinaut, A. (2002) Queen morphology and dispersal tactics in the ant, Cardiocondyla batesii. Insectes Sociaux, 49, 129 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 002 - 8291 - 1" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Heinze
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FBEC60A9FB17AFB4" box="[1122,1182,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="147EF3F340569C77FAA16096FEA3AFD3" author="Schrempf, A. & Reber, C. & Tinaut, A. & Heinze, J." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="502 - 510" refId="ref43713" refString="Schrempf, A., Reber, C., Tinaut, A. & Heinze, J. (2005) Inbreeding and local mate competition in the ant Cardiocondyla batesii. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 57, 502 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 004 - 0869 - 3" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Schrempf
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040569C77FF1960CDFF5BAFD0" box="[151,210,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Nests were found in cavities in the soil down to a depth of more than
|
||
<quantity id="B71723E740569C77FBE960CAFB1CAFD3" box="[1127,1173,1987,2014]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
in very sunny and dry places. Colony density was high, with up to one nest per square meter. Nest populations contained 10–
|
||
<specimenCount id="66E9458B40579C76FA85679EFA11A8BC" box="[1291,1432,151,177]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="worker">120 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, were strictly monogynous and could contain 1–3 ergatoid males. Winged males were not observed. Workers never tolerated the presence of more than one inseminated, fertile gyne. Gynes mated in the nest in autumn, with mean mating frequencies of 1.52 ± 0.65 [1–3], and dispersed on foot to found their own colonies in spring. Gynes were dimorphic in mesosoma size which was correlated with wing length (brachyptery vs. macroptery). Yet, flight musculature was not sufficiently developed in both brachy- and macropterous gynes to allow flying. This reduced dispersal capacity explained the high inbreeding coefficient and the close genetic relatedness between queens and their mates and it was suggested that 83% of all matings were between brothers and sisters. As expected from local mate competition theory, sex ratios were extremely female biased, with more than 85% of all sexuals produced being young gynes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |