484 lines
50 KiB
XML
484 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0031314" ID-GBIF-Dataset="898ecee8-1c5a-4969-b340-03a52d6bb1bd" ID-PMC="PMC3279364" ID-PubMed="22348069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="894041" checkinTime="1505721659688" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Frank Glaw, Jörn Köhler, Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" docDate="2012" docId="BD5D87BADF711E31FF41F88A460ECAFE" docLanguage="en" docName="journal.pone.0031314.PDF" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 7 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Brookesia desperata Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="4164FFC2DF611E20FFDAFFD84227CD5A" masterDocTitle="Rivaling the World’s Smallest Reptiles: Discovery of Miniaturized and Microendemic New Species of Leaf Chameleons (Brookesia) from Northern Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1545148754592" originalUpdateUser="gglab" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668134633730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rivaling the World’s Smallest Reptiles: Discovery of Miniaturized and Microendemic New Species of Leaf Chameleons (Brookesia) from Northern Madagascar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Frank Glaw</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jörn Köhler</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ted M. Townsend</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miguel Vences</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-02-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>24</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0031314</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">898ecee8-1c5a-4969-b340-03a52d6bb1bd</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC3279364</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="PubMed">22348069</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">894041</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180817" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134310855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6180817" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C62B456C-CDA8-4DDE-AE0A-66DF43C57F7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD5D87BADF711E31FF41F88A460ECAFE" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="16.[155,792,1874,1955]" box="[155,444,1874,1898]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading box="[155,444,1874,1898]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences, 2012" authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[155,374,1874,1898]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desperata" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[155,374,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brookesia desperata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[383,444,1874,1898]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[155,792,1874,1955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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ZooBank
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<collectionCode box="[288,345,1905,1927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">LSID</collectionCode>
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: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C62B456C-CDA8- 4DDE-AE0A-66DF43C57F7E
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[840,1479,164,1951]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis box="[864,927,164,186]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remark</emphasis>
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.—This species has been considered before as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[1368,1446,164,186]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1368,1446,164,186]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brookesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<taxonomicName box="[840,935,192,214]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karchei">
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aff.
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<emphasis box="[878,935,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">karchei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘‘Ambre’’ [
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<bibRefCitation author="Glaw F & Vences M" box="[1049,1063,192,214]" journalOrPublisher="Koln: Vences & Glaw" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="7. Glaw F, Vences M (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Koln: Vences & Glaw." title="A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar" type="book" year="2007">7</bibRefCitation>
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] and as
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<taxonomicName authority="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences, 2012" authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[1150,1228,192,214]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1150,1228,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brookesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1236,1313,192,214]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="D'Cruze N & Kohler J & Franzen M & Glaw F" box="[1327,1356,192,214]" journalOrPublisher="Madagascar Conservation and Development" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="44 - 54" part="3" refString="41. D'Cruze N, Kohler J, Franzen M, Glaw F (2008) A conservation assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of the Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, north Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation and Development 3: 44 - 54." title="A conservation assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of the Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, north Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2008">41</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[840,1479,164,1951]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726199" collectingDate="2007-03-12" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2170/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis box="[864,937,221,243]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus box="[864,937,221,243]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.—
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<collectionCode box="[976,1026,221,243]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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2170/2007 (
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<collectionCode box="[1160,1223,221,243]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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1250), adult male (hemipenes everted), collected at Forêt d’Ambre Special Reserve, ca.
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<quantity box="[840,890,278,300]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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southwest of Sakaramy village,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1222,1333,277,300]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-12.466666">12°28'0 0"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1349,1474,277,300]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" value="49.226944">49°13'37" E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity box="[840,903,307,329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="470.0">470 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.,
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<collectingRegion box="[970,1183,307,329]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
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, northern
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<collectingCountry box="[1288,1408,307,329]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, on
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<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-03-12">12 March 2007</date>
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by F. Glaw, J. Köhler and A. Razafimanantsoa.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[840,1479,164,1951]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726250" box="[864,1300,364,386]" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2171/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis box="[864,943,364,386]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<typeStatus box="[864,943,364,386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
.—
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<collectionCode box="[983,1033,364,386]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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2171/2007 (
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||
<collectionCode box="[1167,1230,364,386]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
1251),
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726245" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2175/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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||
<collectionCode box="[1310,1360,364,386]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
2175/2007 (
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||
<collectionCode box="[847,910,393,415]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
1258),
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726257" box="[987,1302,393,415]" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2176/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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||
<collectionCode box="[987,1037,393,415]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
2176/2007 (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1170,1233,393,415]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
1260),
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726242" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="550" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2177/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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||
<collectionCode box="[1311,1361,393,415]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
2177/2007 (
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||
<collectionCode box="[847,910,421,443]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
1263),
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726260" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2179/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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||
<collectionCode box="[992,1042,421,443]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
2179/2007 (
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||
<collectionCode box="[1179,1242,421,443]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
1269), adult males (all with everted hemipenes),
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726190" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2172-2174/2007" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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||
<collectionCode box="[1098,1148,449,471]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
<date box="[1159,1271,449,471]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2172" valueMax="2174">2172–2174</date>
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||
/2007 (
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||
<collectionCode box="[1344,1407,449,471]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
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||
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1252" valueMax="1254">1252– 1254</date>
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||
),
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726240" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="F. Glaw & J. Kohler & A. Razafimanantsoa" country="Madagascar" elevation="470" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 2178/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
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||
<specimenCode box="[906,1069,478,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM 2178/2007</specimenCode>
|
||
(FGZC 1265),
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1213,1262,478,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1268,1342,478,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">females</specimenCount>
|
||
, all with same data as holotype;
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726194" box="[1026,1477,506,528]" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="N. D'Cruze & F. Glaw & Kohler" country="Madagascar" elevation="550" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 1506/2007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1026,1076,506,528]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
1506/2008 (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1214,1277,506,528]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1880, female), and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1948726301" collectingDate="2008-02-27" collectionCode="UADBA" collectorName="N. D'Cruze & F. Glaw & Kohler" country="Madagascar" elevation="550" latitude="-12.466666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, ca. 5 km southwest of Sakaramy village" longitude="49.216667" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
|
||
UADBA uncatalogued:
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1076,1140,535,557]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1700,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1212,1276,535,557]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
|
||
1879 (male),
|
||
<specimenCode collectionCode="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1414,1478,535,557]" collectionName="FGZC" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FGZC</collectionCode>
|
||
3111–3112
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, collected at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD5D87BADF711E31FF41F88A460ECAFE:302B6077DF711E30FBEFFDEB4740CF13" box="[1077,1383,563,585]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.466666" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="49.216667" municipality="Sakaramy village" name="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Forêt d’Ambre Special Reserve</location>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1428,1478,563,585]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
southwest of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[975,1147,591,613]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sakaramy village</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1162,1241,591,613]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-12.466666">12°28'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1257,1339,591,613]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="49.216667">49°13'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[1355,1473,591,613]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="550.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[1355,1417,591,613]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[840,1059,620,642]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1175,1295,620,642]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
|
||
<date pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2008-02-27">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2008-02-27">27 February 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName box="[934,1054,648,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. D’Cruze</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1069,1151,648,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F. Glaw</collectorName>
|
||
and J.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1235,1306,648,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Köhler</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638540743" collectingDate="2009-11-16" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="A. Crottini & S. Crottini & S. Hauswaldt & A. Lima & F. M. Ratsoavina & E. Rajeriarison" country="Madagascar" elevation="438" latitude="-12.471666" location="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="49.232224" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ZSM 791/2009" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1320,1419,648,670]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1320,1370,648,670]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
791
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
/2009 (
|
||
<specimenCode box="[847,995,677,699]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[847,918,677,699]" collectionName="ZCMV" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
13040
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
), adult male (not examined morphologically), collected at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD5D87BADF711E31FF41F88A460ECAFE:302B6077DF711E30FC0EFD19470DCF8D" box="[980,1322,705,727]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.471666" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="49.232224" name="Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Antsiranana Province">Forêt d’Ambre Special Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1344,1473,704,727]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" value="-12.471666">12°28'18.0"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[840,954,733,756]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" value="49.232224">49°13'56"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[966,1082,734,756]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="438.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[966,1029,734,756]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="438.0">438 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1095,1308,734,756]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
|
||
<date box="[950,1143,762,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2009-11-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[950,1143,762,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2009-11-16">16 November 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by A.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1217,1296,762,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Crottini</collectorName>
|
||
, S. Hauswaldt, A. Lima,
|
||
<collectorName box="[905,1076,790,812]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F. M. Ratsoavina</collectorName>
|
||
and E.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1157,1282,790,812]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rajeriarison.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[840,1479,164,1951]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,944,819,841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.— A member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1314,819,841]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1314,819,841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brookesia minima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group based on small body size (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1017,1061,848,870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity box="[1074,1180,848,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and molecular phylogenetic relationships.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[981,1148,876,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desperata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[981,1148,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brookesia desperata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all other species in the group by the presence of three enlarged tubercles on lateral head surface (versus 0–2). In addition it differs as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[894,995,961,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confidens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,995,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. confidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (male
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1330,1375,962,984]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
25.0–26.7 vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[880,1023,990,1012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.01" metricValueMin="1.83" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="19.2" valueMax="20.1" valueMin="18.3">18.3–20.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), supranasal cone present (vs. absent), and hemipenis with two apical processes each with a distinct spine (vs. narrow hemipenis without apical ornaments); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1900" box="[1356,1445,1046,1068]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1356,1445,1046,1068]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by presence of well-developed lateral spines on the tail (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schimmenti & Jesu" authorityYear="1996" box="[896,1001,1103,1125]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exarmata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,1001,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. exarmata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (female
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1370,1415,1104,1126]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
27.3– 30.0 mm vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[983,1127,1132,1154]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.57" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="26.1" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="25.7">25.7–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and presence of well-developed lateral spines on the tail (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[1283,1359,1160,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1283,1359,1160,1182]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. micra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (male
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1050,1095,1189,1211]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
25.0–26.7 vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[1234,1378,1189,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="15.3">15.3–15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), presence of well-developed lateral spines on the tail (vs. absence), and hemipenis with two apical processes each with a distinct spine (vs. comb-like arranged papillae on apex); from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1273,1363,1274,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1273,1363,1274,1296]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. minima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (male
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1050,1095,1303,1325]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
25.0–26.7 vs. 15.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[1288,1378,1303,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), presence of well-developed lateral spines on the tail (vs. indistinct), pelvic spine present (vs. absent or indistinct), and hemipenis with two apical processes each with a distinct spine (vs. balloon-like hemipenis without ornaments); from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1203,1307,1417,1438]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peyrierasi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1307,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. peyrierasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (male
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1006,1051,1445,1467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
25.0–26.7 vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[1202,1345,1445,1467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1049999999999995" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="21.049999999999997" valueMax="22.4" valueMin="19.7">19.7–22.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), presence of well-developed lateral spines on the tail (vs. indistinct), and hemipenis with two apical processes each with a distinct spine (vs. four spines on each lobe); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brygoo & Domergue" authorityYear="1975" box="[1144,1281,1530,1551]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramanantsoai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1144,1281,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. ramanantsoai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by presence of welldeveloped lateral spines on the tail (vs. absence), and hemipenis with two apical processes each with a distinct spine (vs. balloon-like hemipenis without ornaments); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[1217,1293,1616,1637]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1293,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (male
|
||
<collectionCode box="[994,1039,1644,1666]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
25.0–26.7 vs. 18.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[1232,1321,1644,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and hemipenis with two apical processes each with a distinct spine (vs. small spinelike papillae on apex); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1147,1262,1700,1722]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1147,1262,1700,1722]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a larger adult body size (male
|
||
<collectionCode box="[948,993,1729,1751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
25.0–26.7 vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[1145,1289,1729,1751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="16.6" valueMax="18.8" valueMin="14.4">14.4–18.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), presence of welldeveloped lateral spines on the tail (vs. absence), and hemipenis with two apical processes with a distinct spine (vs. a single crownlike structure on apex).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[840,1479,164,1951]" lastBlockId="17.[155,794,1112,1956]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[864,966,1843,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desperata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,966,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. desperata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1151,1236,1843,1865]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karchei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1236,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. karchei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in body size, number of dorsolateral pointed tubercles (12–13) and distinct lateral tubercles on tail (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[913,982,1900,1922]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[155,220,957,976]" captionTargetBox="[160,788,167,918]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[155,794,162,923]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Life history and morphology of Brookesia desperata. (A) Female (displaying stress colouration) with two recently laid eggs. (B) Figure showing well-developed pelvic spine (1) and lateral spines on tail (2). doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031314. g 009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/894057/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fig. 9
|
||
<collectionCode box="[966,982,1900,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1098,1180,1900,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karchei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1098,1180,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. karchei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the new species by more pronounced supraocular and supranasal cones, more prominent and spiny posterior crest and only one enlarged tubercle at lateral side of head (three in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[550,652,1140,1162]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desperata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[550,652,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. desperata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/894057/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[160,788,167,918]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[155,793,957,1071]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,763,957,976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Figure 9. Life history and morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[569,756,957,976]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desperata">Brookesia desperata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[773,788,957,976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</collectionCode>
|
||
) Female (displaying stress colouration) with two recently laid eggs. (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[774,787,981,1000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</collectionCode>
|
||
) Figure showing well-developed pelvic spine (1) and lateral spines on tail (2). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031314.g009
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[155,794,1112,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Referencing a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[686,792,1169,1191]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desperata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[686,792,1169,1191]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. desperata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows an uncorrected pairwise divergence of 6.4% to its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Frank Glaw & Jörn Köhler & Ted M. Townsend & Miguel Vences" authorityYear="2012" box="[227,299,1226,1248]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[227,299,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and divergences>6.6% to all other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[155,245,1254,1276]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Brookesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minima">
|
||
<emphasis box="[155,245,1254,1276]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. minima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[155,794,1112,1956]" lastBlockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,365,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[300,365,1283,1305]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.— Adult male in good state of preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[161,224,1312,1334]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[155,220,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[161,1473,169,1286]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[155,1479,162,1291]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of preserved male holotypes of newly described species. Scale bar equals 5 mm. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031314. g 007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/894053/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information
|
||
<collectionCode box="[491,506,1312,1334]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S</collectionCode>
|
||
1). Both hemipenes everted. Measurements in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[330,409,1340,1362]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[856,920,963,984]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of examined type specimens of Brookesia micra and B. desperata." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Head with low lateral crest starting at median level at the posterior edge of eye; prominent orbital crests with distinctly developed supraocular cone directed anteriorly, and a crest at the posterior edge of the head, that form a weakly developed dorsal helmet; a pair of slightly curved parasagittal crests that start above the eyes and begin to converge slightly before terminating at the posterior crest; between the parasagittal crests there is a second pair of short parallel longitudinal crests; three pointed tubercles on each side of posterior helmet crest, one at termination point of lateral crest, one at termination point of parasagittal crest, and one between parasagittal and lateral crests; three pointed tubercles on lateral surface of head, one below lateral crest in temporal region, one at posterior edge of orbital crest below lateral crest, and one between lower edge of eye slightly anterior to angle of jaws; orbital crest with few enlarged conical tubercles; no supraocular cone recognizable; supranasal cone does not project beyond snout tip; head longer (
|
||
<quantity box="[662,737,1793,1815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than wide; chin and throat without longitudinal rows of slightly enlarged tubercles. Dorsal surface of body without a vertebral ridge or keel; 13 dorsolateral pointed tubercles form a complete longitudinal line on the body; most posterior (13th) pointed dorsolateral tubercle being distinctly largest, slightly posterior to insertion point of hindlimb, projecting backwards; pointed dorsolateral tubercles almost equally spaced, 8th to 12th slightly smaller than others, pointing out almost perpendicularly from body; slightly enlarged, rounded tubercles form weakly elevated curved transversal crests on either side of the vertebral line between 1
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[944,1013,304,326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st and</taxonomicName>
|
||
12th dorsolateral pointed tubercles; slightly enlarged tubercles on dorsal surface of tail, forming two weakly recognizable longitudinal parallel lines; barely defined dorsal pelvic shield in sacral area; lateral surface of body with densely scattered enlarged conical tubercles; venter without enlarged tubercles; scattered, conical tubercles on limbs; no pointed tubercles around cloaca; longitudinal row of distinctly enlarged tubercles lateroventrally on tail, forming a longitudinal row from tail base to three fourth of tail length; no enlarged tubercles on ventral surfaces of tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">After almost four years in ethanol, flanks, dorsal surfaces of limbs and tail uniformly dark grey-brown; neck with distinct light grey spot; vertebral region mottled with brown and grey; throat grey, venter and ventral surfaces of tail grey-brown. Hemipenes whitish.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,941,698,720]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.— For morphological measurements and proportions see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[884,968,726,748]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[856,920,963,984]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of examined type specimens of Brookesia micra and B. desperata." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and Supporting Information S1. In life, dorsal colouration of head, dorsum and tail light grey. Lateral parts of the body beige, brown or dark brown, with few dark brown spots; limbs almost uniformly dark brown. This pattern is likely to refer to a stress colouration (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1065,1121,838,860]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[155,220,957,976]" captionTargetBox="[160,788,167,918]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[155,794,162,923]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Life history and morphology of Brookesia desperata. (A) Female (displaying stress colouration) with two recently laid eggs. (B) Figure showing well-developed pelvic spine (1) and lateral spines on tail (2). doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031314. g 009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/894057/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). When unstressed, most parts of the body beige, with a slightly lighter area on the head anterior to the eyes and in the vertebral region of the dorsum. In preservative,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[840,890,922,944]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2172/2007 is greyish with brown blotches and flecks on dorsum and flanks whereas the other
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1216,1308,950,972]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are more or less uniformly dark brown. The tail base of the males is only slightly more thickened than in the females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1022,1035,1057]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Genital morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.— Everted hemipenes were available from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[840,923,1063,1085]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[937,987,1063,1085]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2170/2007) and from four
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1256,1348,1063,1085]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1361,1411,1063,1085]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2171/ 2007,
|
||
<date box="[904,1017,1091,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2176" valueMax="2177">2176–2177</date>
|
||
/2007, 2179/2007). Structures were characteristic and concordant among all five specimens and are described based on the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[978,1064,1147,1169]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Hemipenis length is
|
||
<quantity box="[1282,1361,1147,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Hemipenis width in the fully turgid state is about
|
||
<quantity box="[1249,1327,1175,1197]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The retractor muscle is visible through the transparent hemipenis integument and bifurcates after about 1/2 of the hemipenis length. From the wide apex, two narrow tubular processes (
|
||
<quantity box="[1241,1317,1259,1281]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width) extend about
|
||
<quantity box="[908,984,1287,1309]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
distally, with each end of the retractor muscle ending at the tip of these processes. The end of each of the tubes bears a distinct spine. The apex processes with their large spines are easily recognizable also in incompletely everted hemipenes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[847,901,1399,1421]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[155,220,1255,1274]" captionTargetBox="[160,1002,168,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[155,1007,162,1221]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Hemipenes of species in the Brookesia minima group. The photos show for each species, a general view of the organs and a close-up. For B. desperata, the inset picture shows a non-turgid everted hemipenis where the two apex projections are very prominent. Note that also several other of the shown preparations are not fully turgid, especially in B. ramanantsoai and B. micra. In two other species (B. confidens and B. tristis) the shown hemipenes might not be fully everted. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031314. g 006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/894051/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). When the hemipenis is everted but not turgid (in preserved specimens), the processes are very distinct and project much more distinctly from the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,949,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.— The species epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin ‘‘desperatus’’ meaning ‘‘desperate’’. Although the known range of the species is within a nature reserve established decades ago, its habitat is in truth barely protected and subject to numerous human-induced environmental problems resulting in severe habitat destruction [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Cruze N & Kohler J & Franzen M & Glaw F" box="[1099,1127,1624,1646]" journalOrPublisher="Madagascar Conservation and Development" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="44 - 54" part="3" refString="41. D'Cruze N, Kohler J, Franzen M, Glaw F (2008) A conservation assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of the Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, north Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation and Development 3: 44 - 54." title="A conservation assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of the Foret d'Ambre Special Reserve, north Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2008">41</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], thus threatening the survival of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,962,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.— Only known from the southern edge of Forêt d’Ambre Special Reserve, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1194,1315,1709,1731]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[840,1479,164,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,995,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
.— All individuals were found roosting at night on small branches or leaves about
|
||
<quantity box="[1163,1259,1766,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="52.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="5.0">5–100 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in disturbed rainforest. Individuals occurred in apparently high abundance and were also found at the border of forest clearings on banana plants. One female laid two large eggs when kept in a plastic bag. When stressed, individuals can quickly change colour and display a broad pale vertebral stripe contrasting with the darker flanks (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[980,1054,1934,1956]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[155,220,957,976]" captionTargetBox="[160,788,167,918]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[155,794,162,923]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Life history and morphology of Brookesia desperata. (A) Female (displaying stress colouration) with two recently laid eggs. (B) Figure showing well-developed pelvic spine (1) and lateral spines on tail (2). doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0031314. g 009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/894057/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Fig. 9
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1035,1054,1934,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |