336 lines
29 KiB
XML
336 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="8B5D99F2631080A382F1B54C42338901" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum friburgense Bianch. & Barboza, Syst. Bot. 30 (4): 865. 2005." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>200</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>423</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B5D99F2631080A382F1B54C42338901" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B5D99F2631080A382F1B54C42338901" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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18.
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<taxonomicName authority="Bianch. & Barboza, Syst. Bot. 30 (4): 865. 2005." authorityName="Bianch. & Barboza, Syst. Bot. 30 (4): 865. 2005." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">Capsicum friburgense Bianch. & Barboza, Syst. Bot. 30(4): 865. 2005.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Capsicum friburgense A flowering branch B flower C calyx D sector of opened corolla E gynoecium F fruit G seed. From Bianchetti et al. 393. Drawn by L. Sanchez. Published in Barboza and Bianchetti (2005), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 64</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. Capsicum friburgense A plant B flower buds C flower, in lateral view D flower, seen from behind E immature fruit A, B from Barboza et al. 2048, photo by G. E. Barboza C-E no specimen vouchers, photos taken in situ by C. dal Zovo (Associazione PepperFriends)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695480" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 65</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="da Caledonia" country="Brazil" location="Morro da Caledonia" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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: Mun. Nova Friburgo, subindo o
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B5D99F2631080A382F1B54C42338901:C248C4F5D1F8288024D8A9293B00C992" country="Brazil" name="Morro da Caledonia" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
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Morro
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<collectorName>
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da
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Caledônia">Caledonia</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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</location>
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, a
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" unit="km" value="6.45">6.45 km</quantity>
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do Camping Club do
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1986-04-06" collectorName="L. Bianchetti, A. T. Hunziker, V. Casali, G. P. Silva" country="Brasil" elevation="1800" latitude="-22.283333" location="Brasil" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="-42.533333" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brasil</collectingCountry>
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(RJ.2),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.283333">22°17'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-42.533333">42°32'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elev.,
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<collectingDate value="1986-04-06">6 Apr 1986</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>L. Bianchetti</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>A.T. Hunziker</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>V. Casali</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>G.P. Silva</collectorName>
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393
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: CEN [CEN00010214]; isotypes: CORD [CORD00003939, CORD00003940, CORD00004164])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Erect shrubs 0.8-2.5 (-3) m tall, with the main stem 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter at base, few to much branched above, the branches pendulous dichotomously spreading in a typical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
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appearance. Young stems angled, fragile, green, glabrescent, with sparse appressed-antrorse, simple, uniseriate, 2-3-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.2-0.5 mm long and abundant minute glandular trichomes (stalk translucent, unicellular, head dark and multicellular); nodes solid, green or slightly purple; bark of older stems dark brown, smooth, glabrous; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal in size, similar in shape. Leaves membranous, concolorous to slightly discolorous, glabrescent on both sides, especially on the margins and veins, with antrorse, curved, 3-5-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.3-0.7 mm long; blades of major leaves (5.5-) 8.5-13 (-21) cm long, (1.5-) 2.5-4.5 (-7.5) cm wide, ovate to elliptic, the major veins 6-7 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate or attenuate, unequal, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles 0.6-1.2 (-1.5) cm, glabrescent; blades of minor leaves (1.8-) 2.2-3.3 (-5) cm long, 0.9-2 (-2.5) cm wide, elliptic or ovate, the major veins 3-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base rounded, the margins entire, the apex acute; petioles 0.2-0.5 cm, glabrescent. Inflorescences axillary, 2-flowered or flowers solitary; flowering pedicels (17-) 21-49 (-65) mm long, angled, erect or slightly spreading, geniculate at anthesis, green, glabrous or glabrescent, the eglandular trichomes minute, antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds ovoid, entirely purple or fuchsia. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, cup-shaped, green, thin, strongly 5-nerved, glabrescent with short, uniseriate, eglandular trichomes on the margin and minute glandular trichomes on the tube similar to those of the stem and leaves, the calyx appendages five, 1.2-3 (-3.5) mm long, subequal, erect or spreading, glabrescent. Corolla (7-) 9-12 (-15) mm long, 7.5-10.5 mm in diameter, entirely violet or fuchsia at anthesis; campanulate-urceolate without interpetalar membrane, lobed at the apex, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube 4-6 mm long, the lobes (1.5-) 2-3 (-4) mm long, (1.5-) 2-3 (-4) mm wide, broadly triangular, spreading to strongly recurved at anthesis, the margins and tips densely papillate or with short eglandular trichomes, the tips cucullate. Stamens five, equal; filaments (4-) 5-6 (-7) mm long, lilac, inserted on the corolla 1.5-1.75 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.5-2 (-2.5) mm, ellipsoid, yellowish-white, grey-purple post-dehiscent, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary ca. 1.8 mm long, 1.2 mm in diameter, light green, globose to ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.3 mm tall; styles homomorphic, (5-6) 8-11 mm, barely exserted beyond the anthers, white, clavate; stigma ca. 0.3 mm long, 1 mm wide, discoid-depressed, pale green. Berry (4-) 6-10 mm in diameter, globose or globose-depressed, light green and pungent when immature, dark green to greenish-golden yellow and scarcely pungent to rather sweet at maturity, deciduous, the pericarp thin, translucent, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 35-65 mm long, pendent, angled, widened distally, green, the receptacle inflated and forming a weak annular constriction in the limit with the calyx; fruiting calyx 4-4.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, green, discoid, the appendages 2-4 mm long, spreading or slightly reflexed. Seeds (2-) 4-9 per fruit, 2.5-3.2 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, C-shaped, brownish-black to black, the seed coat reticulate and tuberculate at margins (SM), reticulate-cerebelloid with pillar-like outgrowths at margins (SEM), the cells polygonal in seed body and elongate at hilum zone, the lateral walls straight, sometimes wavy in seed body; embryo imbricate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695479" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 64" startId="F64">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 64.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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calyx
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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sector of opened corolla
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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gynoecium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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seed. From
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bianchetti et al. 393</emphasis>
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. Drawn by L.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
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. Published in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097905" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="863 - 871" refId="B35" refString="Barboza, GE, Bianchetti, L, 2005. Three new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a key to the wild species from Brazil. Systematic Botany 30 (4): 863 - 871, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097905" title="Three new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a key to the wild species from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364405775097905" volume="30" year="2005">Barboza and Bianchetti (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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, reproduced with permission.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695480" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 65" startId="F65">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 65.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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plant
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flower buds
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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flower, in lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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flower, seen from behind
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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immature fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 2048</emphasis>
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, photo by G.E. Barboza
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-E</emphasis>
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no specimen vouchers, photos taken
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in situ</emphasis>
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by C. dal Zovo (Associazione PepperFriends).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an endemic species restricted to a narrow area in the centre of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="F66" captionText="Figure 66. Distribution of C. friburgense, C. galapagoense and C. geminifolium." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695481" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">66</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695481" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 66" startId="F66">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 66.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. friburgense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="friburgense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. friburgense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. galapagoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="galapagoense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. galapagoense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. geminifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminifolium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. geminifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows in one of the most protected areas of the Atlantic Forest (Mata
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlântica">Atlantica</normalizedToken>
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), which has the highest elevations of the Serra do Mar. It is found in the understorey of primary forests of the Floresta Pluvial Montana (Floresta
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
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|
Densa Altomontana), from 1,750 to 1,950 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from December to May. Fruiting from February to May.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 13 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="275 - 287" refId="B381" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, 2006. A meiotic study of the wild and semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae). Cytologia 71 (3): 275 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" title="A meiotic study of the wild and semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" volume="71" year="2006">Pozzobon and Schifino-Wittmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B382" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, Bianchetti, L, 2006. Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" title="Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259 - 269." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" year="2006">Pozzobon et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Capsicum</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
sp. 8).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
EOO (123.163 km2); AOO (24 km2).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
grows in two forested areas that have been set aside as Environmental Protection Areas in Rio de Janeiro, the APA do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caledônia">Caledonia</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maciço">Macico</normalizedToken>
|
|
da
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caledônia">Caledonia</normalizedToken>
|
|
) and the Parque Estadual dos
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Três">Tres</normalizedToken>
|
|
Picos. It has a small population (<250 mature individuals) with not more than 10 subpopulations per site. Observers are seeing a continuing decline of subpopulations size, due to serious environmental pressures caused by deforestation, development and changes in hydrology. In recent years, these protected areas faced important natural disasters, including forest fires (2007, 2011 and 2019), great floods and mudslides (2011, see
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050203" author="Rosi, A" journalOrPublisher="cultivars, Plant Biosystems" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B406" refString="Rosi, A, Canavesi, V, Segoni, S, Dias Nery, T, Catani, F, Casagli, N, 2019. Landslides in the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro: A proposal for the semi-automated definition of multiple rainfall thresholds. Geosciences 9(5): e203. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050203" title="Landslides in the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro: A proposal for the semi-automated definition of multiple rainfall thresholds. Geosciences 9 (5): e 203." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050203" year="2019">Rosi et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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|
), all of which caused a loss of biodiversity. Due to all these factors, we assign
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. friburgense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="friburgense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. friburgense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the threat status of Critically Endangered (CR; C2a(i)).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a beautiful species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest clade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
|
Carrizo
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) with one of the narrowest ranges in the genus. It stands out from other species of the genus in its combination of a distinctive, campanulate-urceolate, entirely pink or lilac corollas with recurved lobes at anthesis and fruiting pedicels up to 65 mm long, the longest of all the Brazilian species (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. Capsicum friburgense A plant B flower buds C flower, in lateral view D flower, seen from behind E immature fruit A, B from Barboza et al. 2048, photo by G. E. Barboza C-E no specimen vouchers, photos taken in situ by C. dal Zovo (Associazione PepperFriends)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695480" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">65C-E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sympatric in Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro) with
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirabile" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirabile</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; both species have a calyx with five appendages and geniculate pedicels and they have similar colour and morphology of fruit and seeds.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum friburgense" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friburgense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum friburgense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirabile" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirabile</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having one or two flowers per node, campanulate-urceolate corollas without spots and fruiting pedicels up to 65 mm long (vs. 2-5 flowers per node, multi-coloured stellate corollas and fruiting pedicels up to 32 mm long in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirabile" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirabile</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |