513 lines
71 KiB
XML
513 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3af178c2-c3e5-49a3-8987-f37bcc82cdaf" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223429" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-69" ID-Pensoft-UUID="48A2D68FF09F5A41B01347C0DBEF72C8" ID-ZooBank="2B601B5DE1BD44B7BA89554E3AB5EAE1" ModsDocID="1860-1324-67-1-69" checkinTime="1621372352603" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimizu, So" docDate="2020" docId="4E1CE576AA4A546A9FF7FB739AF036CD" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 67(1): 69-126" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67 (1)" docPubDate="2020-05-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332" docTitle="Enicospilus Stephens 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="48A2D68FF09F5A41B01347C0DBEF72C8" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="48A2D68FF09F5A41B01347C0DBEF72C8" masterDocTitle="The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="69" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1632023067668" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Shimizu, So</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & Research Fellow (DC 1 and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2020-05-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>67</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>69</mods:start>
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<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.51332</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-69</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2B601B5DE1BD44B7BA89554E3AB5EAE1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">48A2D68FF09F5A41B01347C0DBEF72C8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223429" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E1CE576AA4A546A9FF7FB739AF036CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E1CE576AA4A546A9FF7FB739AF036CD" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="4E1CE576-AA4A-546A-9FF7-FB739AF036CD" authority="Stephens, 1835" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enicospilus Stephens, 1835</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enicospilus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Stephens, JL" journalOrPublisher="Taihoku" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" refId="B65" refString="Stephens, JL, 1835. Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata 7. London, 312 pp." title="Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata 7. London, 312 pp." year="1835">Stephens 1835</bibRefCitation>
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: 126; type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion merdarius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merdarius">Ophion merdarius</taxonomicName>
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Gravenhorst sensu Stephens (=
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon ramidulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramidulus">Ichneumon ramidulus</taxonomicName>
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Linneaus), by monotypy (
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<bibRefCitation author="Stephens, JF" journalOrPublisher="Taihoku" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" refId="B66" refString="Stephens, JF, 1845. Index, List of Plates and Errata of "Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata (Vol. VII)." Baldwin & Cradock, London, 307-312." title="Index, List of Plates and Errata of " Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata (Vol. VII). " Baldwin & Cradock, London, 307 - 312." year="1845">Stephens 1845</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Henicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Henicospilus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Agassiz, LJR" journalOrPublisher="Jent et Gassman, Soloduri" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" refId="B1" refString="Agassiz, LJR, 1846. Nomenclator zoologicus, index universalis. Jent et Gassman, Soloduri" title="Nomenclator zoologicus, index universalis." year="1846">Agassiz 1846</bibRefCitation>
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: 138; unjustified emendation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Allocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allocamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Allocamptus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Foerster, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="135 - 221" refId="B19" refString="Foerster, A, 1869. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 25: 135 - 221" title="Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen." volume="25" year="1869">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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1869
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 150; type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion undulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">Ophion undulatus</taxonomicName>
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Gravenhorst, 1829, by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomson, CG" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Lund" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1185 - 1201" refId="B72" refString="Thomson, CG, 1888. Oefversigt af de i Sverige funna arter af Ophion och Paniscus. Opuscula Entomologica, Lund 12: 1185 - 1201" title="Oefversigt af de i Sverige funna arter af Ophion och Paniscus." volume="12" year="1888">Thomson 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 1189).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1894" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dispilus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dispilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Dispilus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18940390215" author="Kriechbaumer, J" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="297 - 318" refId="B33" refString="Kriechbaumer, J, 1894. Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae a medico nautico Dr. Joh. Brauns in itinere secundo ad oras Africae lecta. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 297 - 318, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18940390215" title="Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae a medico nautico Dr. Joh. Brauns in itinere secundo ad oras Africae lecta." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18940390215" volume="39" year="1894">Kriechbaumer 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 309; type species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion (Dispilus) natalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis" subGenus="Dispilus">Ophion (Dispilus) natalensis</taxonomicName>
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Kriechbaumer, 1894, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pleuroneurophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleuroneurophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pleuroneurophion</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 220" refId="B3" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23 (1206): 1 - 220, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" title="Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" volume="23" year="1900">Ashmead 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 86; type species,
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<taxonomicName authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pleuroneurophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1900, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Banchogastra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Banchogastra</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 220" refId="B3" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23 (1206): 1 - 220, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" title="Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" volume="23" year="1900">Ashmead 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 87; type species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Banchogastra niger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Banchogastra niger</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1900, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pycnophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pycnophion</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 220" refId="B3" refString="Ashmead, WH, 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 23 (1206): 1 - 220, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" title="Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1206.1" volume="23" year="1900">Ashmead 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 87; type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pycnophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnophion molokaiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molokaiensis">Pycnophion molokaiensis</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1900, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1901" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymatoneura" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymatoneura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Cymatoneura</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kriechbaumer, J" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="18 - 24" refId="B34" refString="Kriechbaumer, J, 1901a. Bemerkungen ueber Ophioniden (Hym.). Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 1: 18 - 24" title="Bemerkungen ueber Ophioniden (Hym.)." volume="1" year="1901 a">Kriechbaumer 1901a</bibRefCitation>
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: 22; type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion undulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">Ophion undulatus</taxonomicName>
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Gravenhorst, 1829, by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B79" refString="Viereck, HL, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rondani, 1856" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospilus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kriechbaumer, J" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="155 - 156" refId="B35" refString="Kriechbaumer, J, 1901b. Ueber die Gattungen der von Tosquinet in seinen Ichneumonides d'Afrique beschrieben Ophionarten. Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 1: 155 - 156" title="Ueber die Gattungen der von Tosquinet in seinen Ichneumonides d'Afrique beschrieben Ophionarten." volume="1" year="1901 b">Kriechbaumer 1901b</bibRefCitation>
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: 156; type species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion (Enicospilus) dubius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius" subGenus="Enicospilus">Ophion (Enicospilus) dubius</taxonomicName>
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Tosquinet, 1896, by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B79" refString="Viereck, HL, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 126); junior homonym of
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<taxonomicName authority="Rondani, 1856" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterospilus</taxonomicName>
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Rondani, 1856.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kreichbaumer" authorityYear="1901" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Trispilus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trispilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Trispilus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kriechbaumer, J" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="155 - 156" refId="B35" refString="Kriechbaumer, J, 1901b. Ueber die Gattungen der von Tosquinet in seinen Ichneumonides d'Afrique beschrieben Ophionarten. Zeitschrift fuer Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 1: 155 - 156" title="Ueber die Gattungen der von Tosquinet in seinen Ichneumonides d'Afrique beschrieben Ophionarten." volume="1" year="1901 b">Kriechbaumer 1901b</bibRefCitation>
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: 156; type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus" subGenus="Enicospilus">Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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Tosquinet, 1896, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Abanchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abanchogastra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Abanchogastra</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1902.tb01378.x" author="Perkins, RCL" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="141 - 144" refId="B42" refString="Perkins, RCL, 1902. Four new species and a new genus of parasitic Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae, sub-fam. Ophioninae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 50: 141 - 144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1902.tb01378.x" title="Four new species and a new genus of parasitic Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae, sub-fam. Ophioninae) from the Hawaiian Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1902.tb01378.x" volume="50" year="1902">Perkins 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 141; type species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Abanchogastra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abanchogastra debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Abanchogastra debilis</taxonomicName>
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Perkins, 1902, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Metophion" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Metophion</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, GV" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 68" refId="B67" refString="Szepligeti, GV, 1905. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae. Genera Insectorum 34: 1 - 68" title="Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae." volume="34" year="1905">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1905
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Metophion" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metophion bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="bicolor">Metophion bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1905, by subsequent designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" author="Viereck, HL" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B79" refString="Viereck, HL, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" title="Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1" volume="83" year="1914">Viereck 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 94).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1913" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ceratospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceratospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, GV" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 68" refId="B67" refString="Szepligeti, GV, 1905. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae. Genera Insectorum 34: 1 - 68" title="Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae." volume="34" year="1905">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1905
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1913" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ceratospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratospilus biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">Ceratospilus biroi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1905, by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Busck, 1914" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Atoponeura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atoponeura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atoponeura</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, GV" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 68" refId="B67" refString="Szepligeti, GV, 1905. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae. Genera Insectorum 34: 1 - 68" title="Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae." volume="34" year="1905">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1905
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Busck, 1914" authorityName="Szépligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Atoponeura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atoponeura concolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">Atoponeura concolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1905 (=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus atoponeurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atoponeurus">Enicospilus atoponeurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cushman, 1947), by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophiomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiomorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Ophiomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, GV" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 68" refId="B67" refString="Szepligeti, GV, 1905. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae. Genera Insectorum 34: 1 - 68" title="Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae (Gruppe Ophionoidea), subfam. Pharsaliinae - Porizontinae." volume="34" year="1905">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1905
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriechbaumer" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion curvinervis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvinervis">Ophion curvinervis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron, 1886 (=
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dalla Torre" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus cameronii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cameronii">Enicospilus cameronii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dalla Torre, 1901), by subsequent designation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, CW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B28" refString="Hooker, CW, 1912. The Ichneumon flies of America belonging to the tribe Ophionini. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 38 (1-2): 1 - 176" title="The Ichneumon flies of America belonging to the tribe Ophionini." volume="38" year="1912">Hooker 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); junior homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophiomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiomorpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Ophiomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nilsson, 1836.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1909" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cryptocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Cryptocamptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brethes, J" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="225 - 256" refId="B6" refString="Brethes, J, 1909. Hymenoptera Paraguayensis. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 12: 225 - 256" title="Hymenoptera Paraguayensis." volume="12" year="1909">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
|
||
1909
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 230; unnecessary replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Allocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allocamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Allocamptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1869.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1918" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Amesospilus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amesospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Amesospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" editor="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Band 1. L. Friederichsen, Hamburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="211 - 233" refId="B17" refString="Enderlein, G, 1914. Hymenoptera IV: Ichneumonidae. In: Michaelsen, W, Ed., Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Land-und Suesswasserfauna Deutsch-Suedwestafrikas. Band 1. L. Friederichsen, Hamburg: 211 - 233" title="Hymenoptera IV: Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Land-und Suesswasserfauna Deutsch-Suedwestafrikas." year="1914">Enderlein 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 222; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Vollenhoven" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion unicallosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicallosus">Ophion unicallosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vollenhoven, 1878, by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1914" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eremotyloides" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eremotyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">Eremotyloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1915.tb02991.x" author="Perkins, RCL" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="521 - 535" refId="B43" refString="Perkins, RCL, 1915. On Hawaiian Ophioninae (Hymenoptera, Fam. Ichneumonidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 62: 521 - 535, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1915.tb02991.x" title="On Hawaiian Ophioninae (Hymenoptera, Fam. Ichneumonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1915.tb02991.x" volume="62" year="1915">Perkins 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 530; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eremotylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eremotylus orbitalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitalis">Eremotylus orbitalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ashmead, 1901, by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Seyrig, 1936" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Schizospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizospilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seyrig, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 100" refId="B57" refString="Seyrig, A, 1935. Mission scientifique de l'Omo. Tome III. Fascicule 18. Hymenoptera, II. Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae, Pimplinae, Tryphoninae et Ophioninae. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 4: 1 - 100" title="Mission scientifique de l'Omo. Tome III. Fascicule 18. Hymenoptera, II. Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae, Pimplinae, Tryphoninae et Ophioninae." volume="4" year="1935">Seyrig 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 79; type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Seyrig, 1936" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Schizospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schizospilus divisus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisus">Schizospilus divisus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Seyrig, 1935, by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Worldwide except Antarctica (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B82" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Moderately to very large insects (fore wing length usually 9.0-30.0 mm).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: mandible bidentate apically and weakly to strongly tapered and twisted (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic characters for some species of Nepalese Enicospilus. A-D. Outer surface of mandible: A. E. nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., B. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov., C. E. tripartitus, D. E. yonezawanus; E-H. Scutellum, in dorsal view: E. E. formosensis, F. E. kakanicus Shimizu sp. nov., G. E. phulchokiensis Shimizu sp. nov., H. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov.; I, J. Hind tarsal claw: I. E. biharensis, J. E. nikami Shimizu sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408834" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">2A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
); ocelli moderately to very large, and posterior ocellus often close to or touching eye (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Enicospilus alleni Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408835" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">3B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Enicospilus bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408837" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">5B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg, 1822), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408839" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">7B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
); occipital carina complete; antennae longer than fore wing length (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Enicospilus bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408837" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Enicospilus javanus (Szepligeti, 1910), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408844" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Enicospilus lineolatus (Roman, 1913), ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408848" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">16A</figureCitation>
|
||
), usually with more than 50 flagellomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum unspecialised; notauli almost always absent; scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae usually along more than 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its length (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic characters for some species of Nepalese Enicospilus. A-D. Outer surface of mandible: A. E. nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., B. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov., C. E. tripartitus, D. E. yonezawanus; E-H. Scutellum, in dorsal view: E. E. formosensis, F. E. kakanicus Shimizu sp. nov., G. E. phulchokiensis Shimizu sp. nov., H. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov.; I, J. Hind tarsal claw: I. E. biharensis, J. E. nikami Shimizu sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408834" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">2E-H</figureCitation>
|
||
); epicnemial carina present laterally (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Enicospilus bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408837" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Enicospilus flavicaput (Morley, 1912), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408840" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">8E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Enicospilus nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408850" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">18E</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete; propodeum with anterior transverse carina usually more or less complete medially, anterior area long and longitudinally striate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological terms for the fore wing of Enicospilus species used in the present study. Brown characters indicate acronyms. C- 1. Subbasal cell; C- 2. Discosubmarginal cell; C- 3. Second discal cell; C- 4. Marginal cell; PS. Proximal sclerite; CS. Central sclerite; DS. Distal sclerite." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408833" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Enicospilus biharensis Townes, Townes & Gupta, 1961, ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408838" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Enicospilus capensis (Thunberg, 1822), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408839" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Enicospilus nikami Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408851" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">19F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Enicospilus zebrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408860" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">28F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Nepalese specimens of the Enicospilus erythrocerus species-group spp. A-B. ♂ from Chautasa: A. habitus, B. central part of fore wing; C-D. ♂ from Godaveri: C. habitus, D. central part of fore wing; E-F. ♀ from Kathmandu: E. habitus, F. central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408863" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">31B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
): pterostigma of fore wing fairly slender; vein 1m-cu&M of fore wing usually without ramulus; vein 2r&RS of fore wing usually more or less broadened proximally and/or centrally, straight, sinuous, or bowed, not proximally abruptly angled; discosubmarginal cell of fore wing with fenestra, and often also with one or more sclerites; vein RS of hind wing usually straight and rarely weakly curved; vein RA of hind wing usually with 4-12 uniform hamuli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: inner mesal surface of fore tibial spur without a membranous flange; outer distal margin of mid and hind trochantelli usually simple and without a decurved tooth; hind tarsal claw moderately to strongly curved with pectinae, usually all pecten are more or less uniform shape and length and a distal one is not significantly longer than true apex of claw (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic characters for some species of Nepalese Enicospilus. A-D. Outer surface of mandible: A. E. nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., B. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov., C. E. tripartitus, D. E. yonezawanus; E-H. Scutellum, in dorsal view: E. E. formosensis, F. E. kakanicus Shimizu sp. nov., G. E. phulchokiensis Shimizu sp. nov., H. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov.; I, J. Hind tarsal claw: I. E. biharensis, J. E. nikami Shimizu sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408834" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">2I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Enicospilus alleni Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408835" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Enicospilus flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408841" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
): very slender; tergite 1 with spiracle clearly far behind the middle; thyridium moderately to strongly developed, and oval to ellipsoidal; ovipositor straight and usually short, its length less than posterior depth of metasoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: body usually entirely testaceous, pale yellow to reddish brown (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Enicospilus ashbyi Ashmead, 1904, ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408836" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">4A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Enicospilus grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408843" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">11A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Enicospilus pseudantennatus Gauld, 1977, ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408853" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">21A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Enicospilus tripartitus Chiu, 1954, ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408858" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">26A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes posterior metasomal segments infuscate (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Enicospilus flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408841" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Enicospilus melanocarpus Cameron, 1905, ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408849" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Enicospilus nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408850" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
); in some species body entirely brown to black, usually with testaceous to pale yellow patterns (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Enicospilus bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408837" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">5A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Enicospilus zebrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408860" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">28A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
); wings entirely hyaline or weakly infuscate (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Enicospilus alleni Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408835" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Enicospilus flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408841" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">9F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Enicospilus formosensis (Uchida, 1928), ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408842" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely with strong infumate patches (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Enicospilus bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408837" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">5F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Enicospilus zebrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408860" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">28F</figureCitation>
|
||
); fenestra always hyaline (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Enicospilus formosensis (Uchida, 1928), ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408842" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Enicospilus nikami Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408851" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">19F</figureCitation>
|
||
); sclerites hyaline to black (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Enicospilus nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408850" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">18F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Enicospilus nikami Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408851" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">19F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Enicospilus pudibundae (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408855" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">23F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Adult wasps of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are moderately to very large insects and distinguished from other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of character states: inner mesal surface of the fore tibial spur lacking a membranous flange; mandibles more or less narrowed apically and moderately to strongly twisted (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic characters for some species of Nepalese Enicospilus. A-D. Outer surface of mandible: A. E. nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., B. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov., C. E. tripartitus, D. E. yonezawanus; E-H. Scutellum, in dorsal view: E. E. formosensis, F. E. kakanicus Shimizu sp. nov., G. E. phulchokiensis Shimizu sp. nov., H. E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov.; I, J. Hind tarsal claw: I. E. biharensis, J. E. nikami Shimizu sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408834" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">2A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore wing discosubmarginal cell with a fenestra (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Nepalese specimens of the Enicospilus erythrocerus species-group spp. A-B. ♂ from Chautasa: A. habitus, B. central part of fore wing; C-D. ♂ from Godaveri: C. habitus, D. central part of fore wing; E-F. ♀ from Kathmandu: E. habitus, F. central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408863" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">31B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), extensive glabrous area, and often one or more sclerotised and pigmented sclerites and/or quadra (e.g. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Enicospilus alleni Shimizu sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408835" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Enicospilus laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921), ♂. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408847" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">15F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Enicospilus yonezawanus (Uchida, 1928), ♀. A. Habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, lateral view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408859" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">27F</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
The fore wing fenestra and sclerites are usually reliable characters for recognising
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. However, similar sclerites of the fore wing fenestra are also known in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dicamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Dicamptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1905 and rarely in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Leptophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Leptophion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron, 1901.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are distinguished from both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dicamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Dicamptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Leptophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Leptophion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the mandibles (i.e. mandible always weakly to strongly tapered and twisted in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but very weakly tapered and not twisted in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dicamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicamptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Dicamptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Leptophion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptophion" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Leptophion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are koinobiont endoparasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB, Slough" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" refId="B27" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The Taxonomy, Distribution and Host Preferences of Indo-Papuan Parasitic Wasps of the Subfamily Ophioninae. CAB, Slough" title="The Taxonomy, Distribution and Host Preferences of Indo-Papuan Parasitic Wasps of the Subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomological Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="61 - 185" refId="B24" refString="Gauld, ID, 1985b. The phylogeny, classification and evolution of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Ichneumonidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomological Series 51 (2): 61 - 185" title="The phylogeny, classification and evolution of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Ichneumonidae)." volume="51" year="1985 b">Gauld 1985b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 309" refId="B25" refString="Gauld, ID, 1988. A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 57 (1): 1 - 309" title="A survey of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of tropical Mesoamerica with special reference to the fauna of Costa Rica." volume="57" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" author="Broad, GR" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B7" refString="Broad, GR, Shaw, MR, 2016. The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae). European Journal of Taxonomy 187: 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" title="The British species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.187" volume="187" year="2016">Broad and Shaw 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Broad, GR" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 418" refId="B8" refString="Broad, GR, Shaw, MR, Fitton, MG, 2018. Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7 (12): 1 - 418" title="Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology." volume="7" year="2018">Broad et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adult female wasps usually lay eggs within late instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with some exceptions.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Broad, GR" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 418" refId="B8" refString="Broad, GR, Shaw, MR, Fitton, MG, 2018. Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7 (12): 1 - 418" title="Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology." volume="7" year="2018">Broad et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarised the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophioninae">Ophioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both sexes of adults are very frequently attracted to the light and considered to be nocturnal or crepuscular (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shimizu, S" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="203 - 207" refId="B62" refString="Shimizu, S, Maeto, K, 2016. Three Oriental species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) newly recorded from Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 22 (2): 203 - 207" title="Three Oriental species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) newly recorded from Japan." volume="22" year="2016">Shimizu and Maeto 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067" author="Shimizu, S" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" pagination="183 - 194" refId="B59" refString="Shimizu, S, 2017. Description of a new species and revised key to species of the Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1): 183 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067" title="Description of a new species and revised key to species of the Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0067" volume="57" year="2017">Shimizu 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.67.51332.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/408834" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic characters for some species of Nepalese
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">Enicospilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">A-D.</emphasis>
|
||
Outer surface of mandible:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. nepalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. nepalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shimizu sp. nov.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. tangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="tangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. tangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shimizu sp. nov.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. tripartitus" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="tripartitus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. tripartitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. yonezawanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="yonezawanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. yonezawanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E-H.</emphasis>
|
||
Scutellum, in dorsal view:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. formosensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="formosensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. formosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. kakanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="kakanicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. kakanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shimizu sp. nov.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">G.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. phulchokiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="phulchokiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. phulchokiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shimizu sp. nov.,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. tangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="tangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. tangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shimizu sp. nov.;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">I, J.</emphasis>
|
||
Hind tarsal claw:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">I.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. biharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="biharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. biharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">J.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. nikami" pageId="0" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="nikami">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69">E. nikami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Shimizu sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |