303 lines
46 KiB
XML
303 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="72C79FCCA970630A44EE3D95845CAC9D" ID-CLB-Dataset="3168" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbf3f2d6-93c1-4093-be60-33dd558ddef9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5744742" ID-ZooBank="BFF51E50-615C-4EDA-A629-AFB28E0BFA65" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638284329101" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tong, Xiaoli, Lau, Clive Siu-Ki & Zhao, Chao" docDate="2021" docId="2F438797D325FF801CD8F88FFAEEFE32" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psephenothrips aporosae Tong & Lau & Zhao 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="293" masterDocId="D37AFFEFD324FF851C4FFF94FFCDFFBB" masterDocTitle="A new species of Psephenothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="297" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="292" updateTime="1699471592503" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="2D92DED76EE29A6B437C652FAD7E230A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="F9B96FDF2B4305C6D9E943B6D5A254E1">A new species of Psephenothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1FB4FBB69C2E0684FD5795F2224C3BF2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9D944F407497193BBA400A73E9944B9C">Tong, Xiaoli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="31A1A5AFCD628905BB6635F94D10EC9E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1731-229X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="01A719BDA9AB8F46164E19B59EDAA093">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1731 - 229 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BDB4BAC010A78967C6C7C3E24654364E">Lau, Clive Siu-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="94A6C5942C0E20519D6166482589AFA8" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7629-3696</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="16EA11458CDDC380F2EFB42C220E0A1A">The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7629 - 3696</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8F19C4B4D69A8EAC9EDBFDCD62E1DAA9">Zhao, Chao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C271A3A62E32D133656E894EFAACB324">College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5350 - 9586</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E1FA3269974511135BCBE455AFC79FD9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="40C4CA170FE3C238901899C966D33EC8">
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<mods:date id="BC883D31A689E22805031D8015EAF12F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8CABC882C444CD962E4458D5A649B5D6">2021-11-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2F438797D325FF801CD8F88FFAEEFE32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748036" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F438797D325FF801CD8F88FFAEEFE32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F438797D325FF801CD8F88FFAEEFE32" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
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<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD325FF841CD8F88FFDDCF88D" box="[151,529,1819,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A7553681D325FF841CD8F88FFDDCF88D" blockId="1.[151,529,1819,1883]" box="[151,529,1819,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
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<heading id="FC1D81EDD325FF841CD8F88FFDDCF88D" bold="true" box="[151,529,1819,1846]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="959EEA93D325FF841CD8F88FFDDCF88D" bold="true" box="[151,529,1819,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
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<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D325FF841CD8F88FFE0AF88D" ID-CoL="9GZP5" authority="Tong & Lau & Zhao, 2021" authorityName="Tong & Lau & Zhao" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,455,1819,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporosae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="959EEA93D325FF841CD8F88FFE0AF88D" bold="true" box="[151,455,1819,1846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Psephenothrips aporosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EAD57E8D325FF841D81F888FDDCF88D" box="[462,529,1820,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD325FF871CD8F8D4FE48FC72" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A7553681D325FF841CD8F8D4FED4F8E0" blockId="1.[151,529,1819,1883]" box="[151,281,1856,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D325FF841CD0F8D4FEDCF8E0" box="[159,273,1856,1883]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5–11" captionStart-1="FIGURES 12–17" captionStart-2="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1276,1300]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId-2="figure-149@5.[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." captionText-1="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." captionText-2="FIGURES 18–21. Life stages of Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n. (18) Inside of gall showing 2nd instar larvae; (19) Second instar larva; (20) Prepupa; (21) Pupa." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744754" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5744754/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 5–21</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A7553681D325FF871CD8F81CFEF1FD4A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1928,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
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<emphasis id="959EEA93D325FF841CD8F81CFEBFF819" box="[151,370,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Female macroptera</emphasis>
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. Body dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D325FF841E03F81CFD60F819" box="[588,685,1928,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 5, 9</figureCitation>
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); distal halves of tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown; antennal segment II yellow shaded with brown basally, III–VI yellow and VII–VIII brown (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D325FF841F95F838FB4EF87D" box="[986,1155,1964,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 5, 9 & 10</figureCitation>
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); fore wing shaded; tube yellowish brown at the base and distal third. Head approximately 1.3 times wider than long (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D325FF8418D1F844FADCF851" box="[1182,1297,2000,2026]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 7, 10</figureCitation>
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); dorsal surface transversely reticulate, with a pair of minute setae at middle; ocellar region weakly sculptured with reticulation; cheeks straight, with a few tiny setae; postocular setae shorter than eyes, blunt or weakly expanded apically. Antennae 8-segmented (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871D28FF4BFE60FF41" box="[359,429,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), III with one sense cone, IV with three sense cones, VIII shorter than VII, very weakly constricted at base. Mouth cone pointed, extending between fore coxae; maxillary stylets long, deeply reaching into eyes, close together medially (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871DA9FEB3FDE4FEFA" box="[486,553,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum without median longitudinal apodeme, but transversely reticulate at anterior third and with some transverse anastomosing striae posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871FF6FEDFFC36FEDE" box="[953,1019,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); five pairs of major setae developed, with apices softly rounded; epimeral and posteroangular setae much longer than the remaining setae, epimeral setae longest; pronotum notopleural suture variable, incomplete in
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<typeStatus id="78518823D326FF871F05FE07FC61FE16" box="[842,940,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871FF3FE07FBCDFE16" box="[956,1024,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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), sometimes one side with complete suture, the other with incomplete suture. Fore femora slightly swollen, fore tarsal tooth absent (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF87188BFE23FAD8FE6A" box="[1220,1301,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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). Prosternal basantra absent, mesopresternum boat shape, without convex medially (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871FFAFE4FFBCAFE4E" box="[949,1031,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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). Mesonotum transversely reticulate (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871CEFFE6BFF28FDA2" box="[160,229,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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), lateral setae short. Metanotum sculptured with closely longitudinal reticulations, median setae small and slender (
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<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871CB9FDB7FE85FD86" box="[246,328,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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); metathoracic sternopleural sutures distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871F0FFDB7FC5FFD85" box="[832,914,547,574]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing parallel-sided, with 8–9 duplicated cilia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871C98FDD3FED6FDDA" box="[215,283,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[160,1427,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (5) P. aporosae sp. n. (female); (6) Antenna; (7) Head; (8) Pronotum; (9) P. aporosae sp. n. (image of digital microscope); (10) Head & Pronotum (image of digital microscope); (11) Fore leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744746/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); sub-basal setae long with apices softly rounded to weakly capitate, usually S3 longest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF8718B2FDD3FA9DFDDA" box="[1277,1360,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pelta hat shape, sculptured with polygonal reticulation, paired campaniform sensilla present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF8718C5FDFFFB2DFD3E" box="[1162,1248,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); tergites II–VII each with 2 pairs of sigmoid wing retaining setae; all abdominal major setae with knobbed apices except for wing retaining setae with acute apices; tergite IX setae blunt, setae S1 and S2 shorter than tube; tube slightly longer than head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871C94FD43FEE2FD4A" box="[219,303,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[151,1436,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12–17. Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n., female: (12) Metanotum; (13) Pelta; (14) Pro- & mesopresternum; (15) Subbasal setae of fore wing; (16) Metasternal sternopleural suture; (17) Tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744750/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF871C88FD6FFE48FC72" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88FD6FFEBAFCAE" bold="true" box="[199,375,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="78518823D326FF871DC6FD6FFE20FCAE" box="[393,493,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female in microns). Distended body length 2040. Head length (width) 170 (224); compound eyes dorsal length (width) 76 (60). Antennal segments I–VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (38), 46 (30), 60 (28), 58 (34), 58 (30), 54 (26), 48 (22), 34 (12). Postocular setae length 60. Pronotal median length (width) 150 (350); anteromarginal setae 30, anteroangular setae 30, midlateral setae 30, epimeral setae 100, posteroangular setae 85. Fore wing length 752; wing sub-basal
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2DE5046D326FF871E34FC1FFD0DFC1E" box="[635,704,907,933]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-1.7333333">S1 44</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2DE5046D326FF871E82FC1FFCDCFC1E" box="[717,785,906,933]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" precision="925" value="-2.9333334">S2 56</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, S3 66. Abdominal tergite IX setae S1 134, S2 150; tube 190, anals about 115.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD326FF871C88FC46FE4BFB1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF871C88FC46FACDFBC6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88FC46FE6AFC57" bold="true" box="[199,423,978,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="17823CDCD326FF871DFBFC47FAC6FBAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413065302" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="78518823D326FF871DFBFC47FDD1FC56" box="[436,540,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female,
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871E36FC46FD1BFC57" bold="true" box="[633,726,978,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFFD7611D326FF871E36FC46FD1BFC57" box="[633,726,978,1004]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="652EF863D326FF871EACFC47FC52FC56" box="[739,927,979,1005]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Danzhou City, the Danzhou Campus of Hainan University,
|
||
<date id="D3541041D326FF871D77FC63FE7EFBAA" box="[312,435,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" value="2014-09-14">14.ix.2014</date>
|
||
, collected from the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871EABFC63FC61FBAA" box="[740,940,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Aporosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871EABFC63FC61FBAA" box="[740,940,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Aporosa octandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871FF7FC62FBA7FBAA" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[952,1130,1014,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Shulan Yang
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="17823CDCD326FF87195BFC63FE3EFB8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413065303" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="78518823D326FF87195BFC63FA48FBAA" box="[1300,1413,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="B1ECFD08D326FF8719C1FC63FF3CFB8E" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="78518823D326FF871DC2FB8FFE3EFB8E" box="[397,499,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="17823CDCD326FF871DB3FB8EFACDFBC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413065301" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871DB3FB8EFCE7FB8F" bold="true" box="[508,810,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Non-paratypic specimens</emphasis>
|
||
(deposited in the Insect Collection of the Inspection and Quarantine Branch of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong):
|
||
<specimenCount id="B1ECFD08D326FF8718F6FBAAFAE4FBE2" box="[1209,1321,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D3541041D326FF87197AFBAAFA5AFBE2" box="[1333,1431,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" value="2021-05-05">5.v.2021</date>
|
||
, Hong Pak Country Trail, Hong Kong, collected from the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871F3EFBF7FACDFBC6" authority=", Clive S. K. Lau." box="[881,1280,1123,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Aporosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871F3EFBF7FBF6FBC6" box="[881,1083,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Aporosa octandra</emphasis>
|
||
, Clive S. K. Lau.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF871C88FB12FE4BFB1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,390,1158,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88FB12FECFFB1A" bold="true" box="[199,258,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD326FF871C88FB3FFE70FB52" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF871C88FB3FFE70FB52" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88FB3FFE85FB7E" bold="true" box="[199,328,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet is derived from the host plant genus name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871855FB3FFB29FB7E" box="[1050,1252,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Aporosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871855FB3FFB29FB7E" box="[1050,1252,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Aporosa octandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which the specimens were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD326FF871C88FB66FD63FAB6" box="[199,686,1266,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF871C88FB66FD63FAB6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,686,1266,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88FB66FE94FAB7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1266,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFFD7611D326FF871D28FB67FE67FAB6" box="[359,426,1267,1293]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="652EF863D326FF871DF6FB67FDC3FAB6" box="[441,526,1267,1293]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFFD7611D326FF871E55FB67FD6FFAB6" box="[538,674,1267,1293]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD326FF871C88FA83FAA8F9EA" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF871C88FA83FAA8F9EA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88FA83FEF9FA8A" bold="true" box="[199,308,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871D0BFA83FDAEFA8B" authority="Tong & Lau & Zhao, 2021" authorityName="Tong & Lau & Zhao" authorityYear="2021" box="[324,611,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aporosae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871D0BFA83FDAEFA8B" box="[324,611,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Psephenothrips aporosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EAD57E8D326FF871E23FA83FD67FA8A" box="[620,682,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
cannot be placed in the keys to species of the genus provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C37B4B70D326FF871CD8FAAFFE43FAEE" author="Wang, C. L. & Lin, F. C." box="[151,398,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="349 - 375" refId="ref2812" refString="Wang, C. L. & Lin, F. C. (2020) Genera and species of the Liothrips lineage (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4861 (3), 349 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4861.3.3" type="journal article" year="2020">Wang and Lin (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C37B4B70D326FF871D86FAAFFD6CFAEE" author="Dang, L. H. & Zhao, L. P. & Li, Y. Q. & Qiao, G. X." box="[457,673,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref2466" refString="Dang, L. H., Zhao, L. P., Li, Y. Q. & Qiao, G. X. (2021) Studies on the genus Psephenothrips Reyes from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae), with one new species. ZooKeys, 1029, 113 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1029.64531" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Dang
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871E40FAAFFD8EFAEE" box="[527,579,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is easily distinguished from its congeners by the head which is much shorter than its width as well as tube that is slightly longer than head. Although the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871892FACBFAA0FAC2" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[1245,1389,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptoceras">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871892FACBFAA0FAC2" box="[1245,1389,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">P. leptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871CD8FA17FECAFA26" authorityName="Tyagi & Kumar" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,263,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871CD8FA17FECAFA26" box="[151,263,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">P. moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are relatively short, i.e., head almost as long as wide, the new species can be distinguished from both by the following combination of characteristics: (1) postocular setae blunt or knobbed distally, and shorter than eyes (versus slightly longer than eyes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871E52FA5FFD5FFA5E" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[541,658,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptoceras">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871E52FA5FFD5FFA5E" box="[541,658,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">leptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and as long as eyes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871FC6FA5FFC10FA5E" authorityName="Tyagi & Kumar" authorityYear="2012" box="[905,989,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871FC6FA5FFC10FA5E" box="[905,989,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) fore wing with 8–9 duplicated cilia (versus 12 and
|
||
<quantity id="60129B64D326FF871D71FA7BFE6DF9B2" box="[318,416,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20–26 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871DE9FA7BFDD6F9B2" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[422,539,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptoceras">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871DE9FA7BFDD6F9B2" box="[422,539,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">leptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871E00FA7BFD6EF9B2" authorityName="Tyagi & Kumar" authorityYear="2012" box="[591,675,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871E00FA7BFD6EF9B2" box="[591,675,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively); (3) mesopresternum boat shaped, without convex medially (versus boat shaped but with projection medially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871F67F987FC50F996" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[808,925,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptoceras">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871F67F987FC50F996" box="[808,925,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">leptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871F9BF987FBE5F996" authorityName="Tyagi & Kumar" authorityYear="2012" box="[980,1064,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871F9BF987FBE5F996" box="[980,1064,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (4) metanotum sculptured with closely longitudinal reticulation (versus metanotum almost smooth anteromedially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871819F9A3FB06F9EA" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[1110,1227,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptoceras">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871819F9A3FB06F9EA" box="[1110,1227,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">leptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF87194EF9A3FA98F9EA" authorityName="Tyagi & Kumar" authorityYear="2012" box="[1281,1365,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Psephenothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF87194EF9A3FA98F9EA" box="[1281,1365,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFF0650AD326FF801C88F9CEFAEEFE32" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553681D326FF801C88F9CEFAEEFE32" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871C88F9CEFEECF9CF" bold="true" box="[199,289,1626,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871DD2F9CFFDABF9CE" box="[413,614,1627,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Aporosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D326FF871DD2F9CFFDABF9CE" box="[413,614,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Aporosa octandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a dioecious angiosperm, the new species described here can induce leaf galls on both male and female plants. The galls caused by the thrips have an early-season form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF87189CF9EBFADAF922" box="[1235,1303,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. (1) Aporosa octandra; (2) Leaf gall (the early-season form); (3–4) Leaf gall (the late-season form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744744/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a lateseason form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871D62F937FE5FF906" box="[301,402,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. (1) Aporosa octandra; (2) Leaf gall (the early-season form); (3–4) Leaf gall (the late-season form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744744/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gall initiation for the early-season
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D326FF871F65F937FC70F906" box="[810,957,1699,1725]" form="appears" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" rank="form">form appears</taxonomicName>
|
||
to occur on young emerging leaves shortly after they bud out in late April and early May. As a result of feeding by the thrips, the lamina undergoes mesophyll hyperplasia and becomes distorted into a much-folded ‘cerebrum-like’ spherical leaf gall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF8718CCF97FFB05F8BE" box="[1155,1224,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. (1) Aporosa octandra; (2) Leaf gall (the early-season form); (3–4) Leaf gall (the late-season form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744744/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because the budding leaf has a very short petiole, the gall may easily be mistaken as growing out directly from the twig. The gall is yellowish-green in colour with a diameter about 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="60129B64D326FF871F42F8A7FC93F8F6" box="[781,862,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
. When the gall is manually unfolded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF87195FF8A7FAAEF8F6" box="[1296,1379,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1276,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-149@5.[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Life stages of Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n. (18) Inside of gall showing 2nd instar larvae; (19) Second instar larva; (20) Prepupa; (21) Pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744754/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), the inside of gall is multilocular with many tightly folds, which could be considered as a protective strategy to keep gallinvaders or predators out. The first and second instar larvae are generally yellow except for antennae, head, pronotum and abdominal segment IX–X that are grey to dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D326FF871F49F80BFC48F802" box="[774,901,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1276,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-149@5.[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Life stages of Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n. (18) Inside of gall showing 2nd instar larvae; (19) Second instar larva; (20) Prepupa; (21) Pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744754/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Figs 18, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, these dark cuticles are progressively lost in the prepupa and pupal stages which progressively become yellow and transparent with internal orange and reddish pigments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D321FF801D27FF03FE21FF0A" box="[360,492,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1276,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-149@5.[151,1436,417,1253]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Life stages of Psephenothrips aporosae sp. n. (18) Inside of gall showing 2nd instar larvae; (19) Second instar larva; (20) Prepupa; (21) Pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744754/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Figs 20, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). The late-season gall is formed when the adult thrips leave the early-season gall to feed on fully grown leaves during Summer-Autumn period. This feeding can start anywhere on the leaves and is not restricted to beginning from the apex or petiole end. Epidermis hypertrophy occurs with simultaneous curling of the blade along the midrib, thus forming ‘bubble-like’ gall that extends half-way along a leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FD12A04D321FF801832FE97FB2FFEA6" box="[1149,1250,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1389,1413]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[151,1436,181,1366]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. (1) Aporosa octandra; (2) Leaf gall (the early-season form); (3–4) Leaf gall (the late-season form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5744744/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFFD7611D321FF80195CFE97FA55FEA6" box="[1299,1432,259,285]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D321FF801CD8FEB3FE88FEFA" box="[151,325,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Androthrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D321FF801CD8FEB3FED0FEFA" box="[151,285,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Androthrips</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a gall-invader that is commonly encountered in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFFD7611D321FF801F86FEB3FBC2FEFA" box="[969,1039,295,321]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was observed wandering out of the gall. The density of leaf galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60EA4D02D321FF801E46FEDFFD1EFEDE" box="[521,723,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Aporosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="959EEA93D321FF801E46FEDFFD1EFEDE" box="[521,723,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Aporosa octandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not seem to be high. According to the observations by the second author in three different localities of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFFD7611D321FF801EC7FEFBFCC3FE32" box="[648,782,367,393]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the density remains at 1–3 galls per plant only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |