452 lines
54 KiB
XML
452 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BF7373691D9AC36BBE4006B5D0106081">Revision of the Nearctic endemic Formica pallidefulva group.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1A70312CD2BDF948E912FE85D3DDC1C">Trager, J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62091FEF4D8F64B61DA8D617D47C3925">MacGown, J. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77A10489DFEF857F06CEEABFD69F11CC">Trager, M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8AC26AB659270D7A0B6634D0241CA15B">Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="86F8DB9F320B992B5200575C2F6623F0">Snelling, R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DFDCCCCE0A7E3249669753E88569B37">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BAB0A2BFA83A626CABCF1C3A08A7825">Ward, P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9094738F9E55F942C5912C6ED591FC72">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="2AECED1D9FE39433A977CE5568C4A9B1">Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="D3A6B7E3C31695F8602E30980626928D">80</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="ABAFE080B00AE2AFB88B25274754908F">610</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="19D6B1B6467DEB763D7040DCE77257E8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF9120E80C5A0118628A9BB40A28DFBD" type="HNS-Pub">21293</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245950" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6245950" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C" lastPageNumber="619" pageNumber="617">
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<subSubSection id="93B65EB2C5E07D482A604AB7117B0A1D" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="664B997A90E6399D5EAE20FABE611710" pageNumber="617">
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<taxonomicName id="BE365B3E9FA6B0D31B9C39FFA850D28D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">Formica biophilica James</taxonomicName>
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C. Trager
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1C995BDD61662382F026DE2D48040F0E" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14A36DE5D47D39EA97F8005C67D4D755" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9AE662DB88E5B5B94DE4826B2032CCEB" pageNumber="617">Figures 4 b, 5 b, 6 b</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="440460263B32550EC877302574836563" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D37C9BBEABC6ED4B4D9C55A02AC7DF45" pageNumber="617">
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<taxonomicName id="5C49D6DE5DF7204E0CDAB793B1DE4BC6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">Formica pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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: Creighton, 1950, in part [Misidentification]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2BB4C01DBB2CCA9A4E6E0F3E0D4B59B" pageNumber="617">
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<taxonomicName id="DE415000E2050D6793512A415B7BDE49" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149841" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi dolosa Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="schaufussi" subSpecies="dolosa">Formica schaufussi subsp. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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: Creighton, 1950, in part [Misidentification]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5E1043EAD5C76E5C7C59293169FD974D" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="978BCC82BDFE7322F34B3F895BD2AC6E" pageNumber="617">TYPE DATA</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75EA9A3B1E290B323D4AA66657827141" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A2637FB1874FCF38FE6D578066D1979B" pageNumber="617">HL 1.43; HW 1.15; EL 0.42; SL 1.70; WL 2.34; PnW 0.95; PnM 6; PpM 14; TM 30</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B8E896CC5B8B8BA37CB566616D61A3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7027F93F4ADFD1B800A74412C3302163" pageNumber="617">
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<materialsCitation id="F7DB1E834C736E9A87C31863F526E97B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481472" collectingDate="1983-10-01" collectionCode="MCZ, LACM" collectorName="M. B., J. R., B. R. DuBois" country="United States Of America" county="Chilton Co." location="Interstate- 65 rest area 3 mi. E of Thorsby" stateProvince="ALABAMA" typeStatus="Holotype">
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Type specimen label:
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<collectingRegion id="F96ADC4B00A47A237BC91DDF3828A916">ALABAMA</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="5CD2C548B1A727609957F06EB79A88C5">Chilton Co.</collectingCounty>
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,
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<location id="7758AD5A2DA5B80A16B1F51FCD4980C9" LSID="plazi:E4C280D4027270EB574F67DFEE990F7C:3507BD9815D57DA072FB87FAD62941EE" country="United States Of America" county="Chilton Co." name="Interstate- 65 rest area 3 mi. E of Thorsby" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Interstate- 65 rest area 3 mi. E of Thorsby</location>
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.
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<collectingDate id="948838EE0A13B8A0D60EA53B28FD47AF">1 - X- 1983</collectingDate>
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.
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<collectorName id="4F5B19101AF38EBA2383B1ECF6A46F57">M. B., J. R., B. R. DuBois</collectorName>
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. (JCT).
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<typeStatus id="CB2BB6E28221890507379FC318F4141D">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and three
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<typeStatus id="4563EF805F9A21E1C4D39B2CA1A0EF30">paratypes</typeStatus>
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on two pins. The
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<typeStatus id="B8F4C1376BCB65A1613B86C1F003DCFF">holotype</typeStatus>
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and one
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<typeStatus id="8C920B3404EAAD73478E847D1F5D28D5">paratype</typeStatus>
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will be deposited at
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<collectionCode id="84B3C08678481FEA66657ADBAD842E94" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZ</collectionCode>
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and the other two specimens will be added to the excellent material of this species collected in Alabama and elsewhere by
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<collectorName id="724F2F9090AEA82B5E5556D483292394">W. S. Creighton</collectorName>
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, now housed at
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<collectionCode id="57683ED4B2BF54C09ABC0BC2C69417AA" collectionName="USA, California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History">LACM</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB7DC53391675B83E2458066F110374B" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7ED7FEE2D134F63EDCF8FBDC29DC31FF" pageNumber="617">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="604B08935593408C919478279B10B3F7" pageNumber="617">Worker Gracile, shiny, and the brightest yellow member of the group. Head, mesosoma and legs light reddish- to pale brownish yellow; head and mesosoma not at all or only a little lighter than gaster. Dorsal sclerites of mesosoma and especially the gaster with long, usually curved, erect macrochaetae. Number of macrochaetae on propodeum usually exceeds the number on the pronotum (20 of 32 specimens examined). Sheen of gaster readily visible through pubescence composed of pale, slender, grayish hairs of medium density (Fig. 4 b). Erect macrochaetae on gaster long, commonly 0.25 - 0.30 mm, tapering to a point and curved (Fig. 6 b).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9BA83AED3FA34232573BC203A260A3C6" pageNumber="617">Queen Color, gastral pubescence and shininess like the workers, with the usual differences in size; with faint tessellation of upper portion of head, pronotum, sides of mesothorax, propodeum and gastral dorsum; wings, when present, clear to light brownish.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C23A4AB6B6274CBC22709A8AFCFE1DE" pageNumber="617">
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Male Pubescence and pilosity abundant; mesosomal dorsum dull-punctate; head and gaster very dark brown, appearing black; mesosoma dusky yellowish brown, legs reddish brown; wings clear to light brownish. A little brighter in color, especially mesosoma, less pilose, pilosity also finer, and less pubescent than
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<taxonomicName id="32883FE89676A7FE0AF04314DC5013AA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">dolosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D97121E893323899E8B85D60986690D9" pageNumber="617">DISTINGUISHING FEATURES</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2AAA612A8C168F4A8F0826D985B476B3" pageNumber="617">
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<taxonomicName id="5ACEEED45CBCF3E2246ABAFB208E8E96" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D011E075453A023546AC97351E6FF474" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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are sympatric in the southern part of the latter's range. In the field,
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<taxonomicName id="A946E7117CFA4D8671E0B389A671AA6F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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appears more brightly and uniformly reddish-yellow in color, and (if several workers of a colony are present) weakly polymorphic, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="4A16F0906A08FF8E5F0A3BFCC8AC8688" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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is more brownish yellow, smaller overall, and usually (though not invariably) more monomorphic within colonies. Metrically,
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<taxonomicName id="A166307181CE8013AF84C7DBD9942760" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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is more slender, has a proportionally longer mesosoma and narrower head than
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<taxonomicName id="1EF90CDF184972127A1A2BD19645DD0D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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(compare SI, TWI and CI values, Table 1).
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<taxonomicName id="8D41AD10A2AE93818ED343DA36C2B305" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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usually has more macrochaetae on the propodeum than on the pronotum (20 of 32 specimens), whereas
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<taxonomicName id="446525FE328A4CA2867151FCD32F081C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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usually has more macrochaetae on the pronotum than on the propodeum (22 of 31 specimens).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="108E5543E4FFCCF20088468A68D3F24A" lastPageNumber="618" pageNumber="617">
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<taxonomicName id="3CFB235C8C4F4B7E43FFC947CCE76645" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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is also somewhat more brightly and uniformly colored, shinier and overall less hairy, and has a sharper petiolar crest in profile than
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<taxonomicName id="8357359415461D423A7D312477462ED4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<taxonomicName id="C2DE39D37334DA7EF5E6ABD496D45806" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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specimens examined in this study also had a significantly higher CTI and OI (were more slender and had relatively larger eyes) than
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<taxonomicName id="C5BCDC1511C33416FAC8CDEC07C8841B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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(Table 1). In the South, the less pilose minor workers and nanitics of
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<taxonomicName id="7F3D9744151CA052C137D7FB4BB93848" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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are difficult to differentiate from
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<taxonomicName id="7B40E240EC2B2342A23253113F834342" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="617" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Often a rather squarer propodeal profile and more uniform bright reddish yellow color indicate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1CFE1DB077884EC37050E6AB86D5FB5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Additionally, on average the TWI of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF9841CD2447EE45AE93FF4164CE8CF3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
is larger than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC8320475FE173BDA36BEE8EFFA05FF6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Table 1). Ecologically, specimens from fens, bogs, swamps and fresh or salt marshes are most likely to be
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F5FDA6D10DE15EA03D175F8BE7A8A29" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In the northern part of the range of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2CDB861F0B96FF7373080C5E41CC4B8A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
, its bright color will always distinguish it from the at least partially brown
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F6F24E803D3C2588D2A76569833FC24" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5C6BB9470AFFC8DB1ABE8F7BF8B92799" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="60B5BEADB656D280F4FF7BE8C50855DF" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="7420A979841939653BB7FE8844D56B82" pageNumber="618">ETYMOLOGY</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FA67B31F0ED53F4A8E2572369A7DD650" pageNumber="618">The name biophilica is given in allusion to E. O. Wilson's popularly inspirational coining biophilia, meaning the love of other species as a part of human nature. Specimens from Alabama, Dr. Wilson's home state, were chosen as the type series to further honor his contributions to myrmecology, conservation and behavioral biology.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="82BDC00FA82D7101052DB9580B1EF950" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="2356A0942C6969B60669B876BCEE0D45" pageNumber="618">RANGE AND HABITAT</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="14B139A717405727AF22D63CC321E95A" pageNumber="618">
|
|
Found in mesic to hydric open habitats, including fields, prairies, lawns, fens, bogs, marshes and open woodlands, from the Carolinas to Missouri, south to northern Florida and central Texas. Northward, its occurrence is more sporadic, especially in formerly glaciated regions, where
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0BB12E8B0BB9672F959D6B8A39FE4B7E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
shifts to drier (thus warmer) loess and sandy grassland locations. It reaches central Illinois in the Illinois River outwash sand prairies and reaches southeastern New York in the sandy plains along the East Coast and on Long Island. The habitat overlaps that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FE09C0AF0EB1157A945B60ECC2353774" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
in unglaciated prairies and eastern meadows, and overlaps that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25338BB6AB8D9FFAEE03580EB33B8B16" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
in southern pine woodland and savanna.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2A91CD09E1EE869560F3A857AE1639AF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
is absent from the most xeric and infertile sites occupied by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D7BFECB426DC8D63918FF354BE1E4865" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In the Ozarks and other southern U. S. hills, F. biophilica occurs in groundwater fens, bogs, marshes and flatwoods. This is the only southern
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C01544A43E5B0E80E043EDFD6CB5F8B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
|
that occurs in these wetland habitats, where it nests in the elevated hummocks of organic matter formed by grass or sedge tussocks. It is less common than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="98686329F27DA87700333BC36CECCDFD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
in human habitats, but occasionally shows up in lawns, parks and campuses, especially in parts of the South where fire ants are less abundant.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="87F4D247B9EB6E11E2E35F94ECA49984" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="4D8049D737CF3DC3D324CE3094A505A5" pageNumber="618">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BBB2CE252B4EC211C443B37FEF0F2993" pageNumber="618">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="20CE3B72BBFBDC6C88D266526609D7E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481469" country="United States Of America" location="Logan" stateProvince="ARKANSAS">
|
|
ARKANSAS:
|
|
<location id="EBC4D153A53719E969E147FFB2A93739" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:EBC4D153A53719E969E147FFB2A93739" country="United States Of America" name="Logan" stateProvince="ARKANSAS">Logan</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="0CF317DEC71C63A597943BB78D60D6FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481467" country="United States Of America" location="Butler" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
ALABAMA:
|
|
<location id="CF3C113111A898DBC4360F328FD7ED9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:CF3C113111A898DBC4360F328FD7ED9E" country="United States Of America" name="Butler" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Butler</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="2AC79DA7D747AD8E311FE18D96B36502" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481462" country="United States Of America" location="Chilton" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="5DE30A65C7463AD1EB5C706E99EA40A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:5DE30A65C7463AD1EB5C706E99EA40A0" country="United States Of America" name="Chilton" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Chilton</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="C3AE9D4EBE5BFEBDBA932B0397AAC398" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481466" country="United States Of America" location="DeKalb" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="E17F3F50F6207D08DB324BEA3ABAA7FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:E17F3F50F6207D08DB324BEA3ABAA7FC" country="United States Of America" name="DeKalb" stateProvince="ALABAMA">DeKalb</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="E413A6285CA2313ADCE07AFD256AF842" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481455" country="United States Of America" location="Lawrence" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="05849E751CE803913E31B80009F85BCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:05849E751CE803913E31B80009F85BCB" country="United States Of America" name="Lawrence" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Lawrence</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="94FA5740A184F17F9E9D8F35F98BE79F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481471" country="United States Of America" location="Mobile" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="992ACFDF9A251AD39FBFD8D1929FC442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:992ACFDF9A251AD39FBFD8D1929FC442" country="United States Of America" name="Mobile" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Mobile</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="4690C93BCD33A480CED6845CF80839AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481458" country="United States Of America" location="Morgan" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="C279DB82BE67220C2F8630EAB966F278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:C279DB82BE67220C2F8630EAB966F278" country="United States Of America" name="Morgan" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Morgan</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="EBC09135736876A640E393421630870E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481456" country="United States Of America" location="St. Clair" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="2261A89EDF765ED495BEEAE24432A225" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:2261A89EDF765ED495BEEAE24432A225" country="United States Of America" name="St. Clair" stateProvince="ALABAMA">St. Clair</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="46C3DCA8BF0A13D6593406EFA29B4F40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481476" country="United States Of America" location="Tuscaloosa" stateProvince="ALABAMA">
|
|
<location id="69CAD61FEC88B99D58859BFF02894464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:69CAD61FEC88B99D58859BFF02894464" country="United States Of America" name="Tuscaloosa" stateProvince="ALABAMA">Tuscaloosa</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="E6B1264C76E888716B29EBCD6E1A37EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481474" country="United States Of America" location="Sussex" stateProvince="DELAWARE">
|
|
DELAWARE:
|
|
<location id="DFA36C01036FE337522FFFD417029378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:DFA36C01036FE337522FFFD417029378" country="United States Of America" name="Sussex" stateProvince="DELAWARE">Sussex</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="561803FA4364CB5867DDF7C555A7151C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481473" country="United States Of America" location="Washington" stateProvince="DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA">
|
|
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
|
|
<location id="57F9E5B086CD6352B8972CE9E1BB2F8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:57F9E5B086CD6352B8972CE9E1BB2F8B" country="United States Of America" name="Washington" stateProvince="DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA">Washington</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="FA878D8AB52D70EA5E012B63AD5D3A8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481457" country="United States Of America" location="Alachua" stateProvince="FLORIDA">
|
|
FLORIDA:
|
|
<location id="1C05156D35470FFF3573C2570BC4C470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:1C05156D35470FFF3573C2570BC4C470" country="United States Of America" name="Alachua" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Alachua</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="2526DCBC8CEA07094AA5ABF70C6495D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481461" country="United States Of America" location="Columbia" stateProvince="FLORIDA">
|
|
<location id="434060ADC1B56E338FA58E6E339A3866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:434060ADC1B56E338FA58E6E339A3866" country="United States Of America" name="Columbia" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Columbia</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="D4432613C3F09A1DBB0F56B9F9E411CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481470" country="United States Of America" location="Gadsden" stateProvince="FLORIDA">
|
|
<location id="FD74D57C6C557B46658C2E56BA9163DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:FD74D57C6C557B46658C2E56BA9163DB" country="United States Of America" name="Gadsden" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Gadsden</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="A5EAEABDD5F1E313BF8E8CE8FAFBC2B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481459" country="United States Of America" location="Okaloosa" stateProvince="FLORIDA">
|
|
<location id="4DD098DF1CFB5F7B785826AF334AD22D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:4DD098DF1CFB5F7B785826AF334AD22D" country="United States Of America" name="Okaloosa" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Okaloosa</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="7B6FC370CBB39E5FAF47B8EF81AC5B6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481468" country="United States Of America" location="Polk" stateProvince="FLORIDA">
|
|
<location id="B6F72E377E48897C085BF536F1240B6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:B6F72E377E48897C085BF536F1240B6A" country="United States Of America" name="Polk" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Polk</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="4E0A444E86BC8C033D0C0C863CCF6BDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481454" country="United States Of America" location="Walton" stateProvince="FLORIDA">
|
|
<location id="581417A199D5B2DEC25A9B6638B0E715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:581417A199D5B2DEC25A9B6638B0E715" country="United States Of America" name="Walton" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Walton</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="B45E79C9CE08988A5D2BF7D24907E81C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481453" country="United States Of America" location="Clarke" stateProvince="GEORGIA">
|
|
GEORGIA:
|
|
<location id="FAEC4F5A756C4DA5BDE22217912067E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:FAEC4F5A756C4DA5BDE22217912067E8" country="United States Of America" name="Clarke" stateProvince="GEORGIA">Clarke</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="99157E839BB8AF107C43D989C2B178B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481460" country="United States Of America" location="Habersham" stateProvince="GEORGIA">
|
|
<location id="92EE1A203136DAC40C969626B6B9A094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:92EE1A203136DAC40C969626B6B9A094" country="United States Of America" name="Habersham" stateProvince="GEORGIA">Habersham</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="A26AAA2D2BC9B43F8711681538DA13F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481465" country="United States Of America" location="Lumpkin" stateProvince="GEORGIA">
|
|
<location id="AD49B29526EDA99F5A83FE12AE482182" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:AD49B29526EDA99F5A83FE12AE482182" country="United States Of America" name="Lumpkin" stateProvince="GEORGIA">Lumpkin</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="CAC1D9704BC02A56434753B4812C600F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481488" country="United States Of America" location="Rabun" stateProvince="GEORGIA">
|
|
<location id="51F94D9E8A0E808D1F75C89F79936F9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:51F94D9E8A0E808D1F75C89F79936F9B" country="United States Of America" name="Rabun" stateProvince="GEORGIA">Rabun</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="AA364EC96B60FE25795CA1996CE25E8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481464" country="United States Of America" location="Mason" stateProvince="ILLINOIS">
|
|
ILLINOIS:
|
|
<location id="D5DDF7C9090EAE5BE141347BECC80402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:D5DDF7C9090EAE5BE141347BECC80402" country="United States Of America" name="Mason" stateProvince="ILLINOIS">Mason</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="F12EAC6EEE5AFD156F5D4012DEBBE05F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481509" country="United States Of America" location="Natchitoches" stateProvince="LOUISIANA">
|
|
LOUISIANA:
|
|
<location id="1DC8CBACEF8804CE072130DB24F254DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:1DC8CBACEF8804CE072130DB24F254DB" country="United States Of America" name="Natchitoches" stateProvince="LOUISIANA">Natchitoches</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="93ED872E3F01742834C153A6C1EB434C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481490" country="United States Of America" location="Tammany" stateProvince="LOUISIANA">
|
|
<location id="D290014949723C23BDFE37201F6C670E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:D290014949723C23BDFE37201F6C670E" country="United States Of America" name="Tammany" stateProvince="LOUISIANA">Tammany</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="2722125621F977F73F39BD3A620EF810" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481477" country="United States Of America" stateProvince="Washington">Washington</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="0625566E874C3F936DC69D7BF24E6904" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481511" country="United States Of America" location="Alcorn" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
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MISSISSIPPI:
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<location id="ED81648FCAEC55BBD8855931A41951B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:ED81648FCAEC55BBD8855931A41951B1" country="United States Of America" name="Alcorn" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Alcorn</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="C9A0501A2356E2D53FBDE28A25E6D66E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481497" country="United States Of America" location="Bolivar" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
|
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<location id="164DD5C4323BAD4ADD41778EA04C1DBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:164DD5C4323BAD4ADD41778EA04C1DBA" country="United States Of America" name="Bolivar" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Bolivar</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3455D4DCC7BE809E35CF71FEAF23A503" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481463" country="United States Of America" location="Chickasaw" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
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<location id="ACEFF6012BB0B41A4CBC0D181D248580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:ACEFF6012BB0B41A4CBC0D181D248580" country="United States Of America" name="Chickasaw" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Chickasaw</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="5BE6A03575D5022652E1623B0B0DFA45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481475" country="United States Of America" location="Lafayette" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
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<location id="B9869D57BE2D214229C91D786B4DB863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:B9869D57BE2D214229C91D786B4DB863" country="United States Of America" name="Lafayette" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Lafayette</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="BD530EFE2E3FCFA75426AAFCFB32EA42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481492" country="United States Of America" location="Lee" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
|
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<location id="127B94BC3C6542822C8DDE622296DF0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:127B94BC3C6542822C8DDE622296DF0F" country="United States Of America" name="Lee" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Lee</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="9710C4C49A2529E17B6D54F0631BBF56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481479" country="United States Of America" location="Monroe" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
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|
<location id="5F0E57F09E86BA3BC55613AF3FDFD7BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:5F0E57F09E86BA3BC55613AF3FDFD7BF" country="United States Of America" name="Monroe" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Monroe</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="B413AA2F356A6C9CEA772265C6BE4AED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481485" country="United States Of America" location="Oktibbeha" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
|
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<location id="CAEF705A9CF1667AF06C248324103B80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:CAEF705A9CF1667AF06C248324103B80" country="United States Of America" name="Oktibbeha" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Oktibbeha</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="27E8C46379D9BA290F4630E1E9EFBF43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481508" country="United States Of America" location="Panola" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
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<location id="EACCE8F10BE9F0F55ADF6970F4042C71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:EACCE8F10BE9F0F55ADF6970F4042C71" country="United States Of America" name="Panola" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Panola</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="7BC2655E8B598FE3A16E13C810D1922A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481506" country="United States Of America" location="Pontotoc" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
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<location id="51E15B17F846880F585F3397D9846D06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:51E15B17F846880F585F3397D9846D06" country="United States Of America" name="Pontotoc" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Pontotoc</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="CC8D3560E520C3B5B06EE7FE614CE8CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481478" country="United States Of America" location="Tippah" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">
|
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<location id="5890147F052740D92A090CC7A5324049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:5890147F052740D92A090CC7A5324049" country="United States Of America" name="Tippah" stateProvince="MISSISSIPPI">Tippah</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="5A02954987E26A9742F7E089E5790C61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481482" country="United States Of America" location="Franklin" stateProvince="MISSOURI">
|
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MISSOURI:
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<location id="93EDD6108AA2A213163DB0A5517C931F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:93EDD6108AA2A213163DB0A5517C931F" country="United States Of America" name="Franklin" stateProvince="MISSOURI">Franklin</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="06B8D9FC29052813074ACC33AF196809" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481487" country="United States Of America" location="Lincoln" stateProvince="MISSOURI">
|
|
<location id="7E54ABC3F57BD833D16B3EC8E692EE86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:7E54ABC3F57BD833D16B3EC8E692EE86" country="United States Of America" name="Lincoln" stateProvince="MISSOURI">Lincoln</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="4933E0C3E2D466C7947E142A9C058F75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481486" country="United States Of America" location="Reynolds" stateProvince="MISSOURI">
|
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<location id="D0F85D87E7CF125FB7EB25DF3F54B2DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:D0F85D87E7CF125FB7EB25DF3F54B2DB" country="United States Of America" name="Reynolds" stateProvince="MISSOURI">Reynolds</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="0DF97CABE5AFF9E7BCDEB3A63BA1CEBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481514" country="United States Of America" stateProvince="Washington">Washington</materialsCitation>
|
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;
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<materialsCitation id="0E78F9259ACE887758CA47D22F451C16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481501" country="United States Of America" location="Rockland" stateProvince="NEW YORK">
|
|
NEW YORK:
|
|
<location id="0AA73CEFAA3EA7BD7130A887554CC30A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:0AA73CEFAA3EA7BD7130A887554CC30A" country="United States Of America" name="Rockland" stateProvince="NEW YORK">Rockland</location>
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</materialsCitation>
|
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;
|
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<materialsCitation id="BE6FF51E0165AA12D1A0D6E1897C8F14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481483" country="United States Of America" location="Pickens" stateProvince="SOUTH CAROLINA">
|
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SOUTH CAROLINA:
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<location id="01FB0C5224A21D2DB50F5CF88FD57C7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:01FB0C5224A21D2DB50F5CF88FD57C7A" country="United States Of America" name="Pickens" stateProvince="SOUTH CAROLINA">Pickens</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
|
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<materialsCitation id="DA066C922BF5F6807B5E6BCC889BAFD4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481503" country="United States Of America" location="Davidson" stateProvince="TENNESSEE">
|
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TENNESSEE:
|
|
<location id="78ED298578AACA3624388A13B9E8A8C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:78ED298578AACA3624388A13B9E8A8C1" country="United States Of America" name="Davidson" stateProvince="TENNESSEE">Davidson</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
|
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<materialsCitation id="E986F41B6D06FDD16823D4EF17BAC0B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481510" country="United States Of America" location="Monroe" stateProvince="TENNESSEE">
|
|
<location id="5CBDF889AEFF277588E11382338846FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:5CBDF889AEFF277588E11382338846FE" country="United States Of America" name="Monroe" stateProvince="TENNESSEE">Monroe</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
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;
|
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<materialsCitation id="52EE87B7BEF20ACF320E1E697C5DCAC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481481" country="United States Of America" location="Sevier" stateProvince="TENNESSEE">
|
|
<location id="1A092D0DEB5DE4A503055C1FF8776478" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:1A092D0DEB5DE4A503055C1FF8776478" country="United States Of America" name="Sevier" stateProvince="TENNESSEE">Sevier</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="597C11A4EAA0F6079B0C533BE1660EFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481507" country="United States Of America" location="Cass" stateProvince="TEXAS">
|
|
TEXAS:
|
|
<location id="A4DACDD8A3C1802540BA9399CBB2625E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:A4DACDD8A3C1802540BA9399CBB2625E" country="United States Of America" name="Cass" stateProvince="TEXAS">Cass</location>
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</materialsCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<materialsCitation id="4E4A0A45EF30A1C97DAF77684306406E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481480" country="United States Of America" location="Collin" stateProvince="TEXAS">
|
|
<location id="F1BA9122589AC77647837D1403DB448D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:F1BA9122589AC77647837D1403DB448D" country="United States Of America" name="Collin" stateProvince="TEXAS">Collin</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="71D7B1032AB09F288F003B1E3BAE07A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481521" country="United States Of America" location="Potter" stateProvince="TEXAS">
|
|
<location id="5FC411FD4E00C0BD4EA02ECD78B0894F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EAB115CE5E8B224AAA80E78C29820C:5FC411FD4E00C0BD4EA02ECD78B0894F" country="United States Of America" name="Potter" stateProvince="TEXAS">Potter</location>
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|
</materialsCitation>
|
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.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="45A95BF7A58DC55CA8718A4E3660BF17" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="E87CB589E21DCCA991D44469AE0D5612" pageNumber="618">NATURAL HISTORY</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D7A5DC1D469563F6A7EA4F913EF3D711" pageNumber="618">
|
|
Nests of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A7B37F5D37FE87666E749460561F0A92" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
have simple, cryptic openings in wetlands, grasslands or less often, in open woodlands. The entrance is usually hidden amongst grass or sedges. In springtime, colonies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69D99DC1AF64A6EB4626367C0462FF26" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
may build a 10 - 25 cm diameter mound of soil and plant fragments nestled against a grass or sedge clump, this collapsing in disuse during the hot, dry weather of summer. In fens, bogs and wet meadows, when ground at the base is permanently or seasonally saturated,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6E787FCD01D2FF8F97684F0A5C12FAEB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="618" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
nests in the upper parts of graminoid tussocks. One colony under a strip of bark in unmowed grass in eastern Missouri contained four larvae of myrmecophilous staphylinid beetles, probably Xenodusa cava LeConte (but not collected for determination).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E8DF85056097F01F3DAC26D0DCF28069" pageNumber="619">
|
|
This species has been found as host to the slavemaker
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF01E28E316BC94266B10A4B1ACEABFF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus lucidus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucidus">Polyergus lucidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
s. l. in Washington, D. C., northern Georgia and east-central Missouri. The variety of this slavemaker parasitizing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E5BB48E77B0DA2B9FD35D862DEABA257" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
has longer scapes and is somewhat less shiny and slightly more pubescent than typical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83578E88FBA85029E83047A6CC1AB245" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151755" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus lucidus lucidus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lucidus" subSpecies="lucidus">P. lucidus lucidus Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which parasitizes
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4D4D01141D16F294F10EEAD13C30653" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A2DC9BB9D11828CE7234C08C390C7DF4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs among the many hosts of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D2FB1611D20FADCCD219D923DDC17FD4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29169" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pergandei Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandei">F. pergandei</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the prairies of Missouri, but has only been observed in combination with other host species. At one site, a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4A02151B12CA3A25BA3B363BF8A3322D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29169" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pergandei Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandei">F. pergandei</taxonomicName>
|
|
nest contained a melange of six slave species including (in order of decreasing relative abundance)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="54A66EB55CC8AD7784A43A811BF4C642" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EB49F754655A04D62B3C1748B0F8C3DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica subsericea Say" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">F subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
|
Say,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E602EE1EDD7B4337FBC17A2B4D5D81F1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="75CCD34C6618957B83751B7B87AB393D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97F8E5E36DD2BF0407880A84EF975E18" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78C6C5C93D301BDC1F2CD4A80F4F2E42" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29151" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica obscuriventris Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">F. obscuriventris Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
, certainly the most species-rich, naturally occurring ant colony on record!
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FA3AF723B649C57F4465E4489AC39FCE" pageNumber="619">Sexuals have been collected in nests in Missouri, Texas and Georgia in mid-June to early July, but no flight or colony-founding activity has been recorded. There is one example of a queen-male bilateral gynandromorph in a Missouri collection. The worker pupae are always enclosed in a pale tan cocoon, and the sexuals in a larger, darker cocoon.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |