326 lines
43 KiB
XML
326 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="C206535DC4E99C292D56958D3984EB60" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A9527FFE6FDE5F9077746FB42" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus dimorphus Osten-Sacken 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="BFBD07313123664EEE7335BBACF2961E">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C9AEF0F5167789D1D678F0930ADA7F60" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="676CC3FA5DDF8A599BC66674C3B689FC">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7D41E83C1C06E3C947EB54763053539">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1723FCC54BE8B1D7F86BB05FB6D9AC53" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C0DF50698D62605DDF6938E41D517609">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="246251EE237E8CBAA634DCE126ABE58B">
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<mods:date id="BA71DCEE7308A05C119267DFD2B3C941">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4993D6162B59E6C56F6A16CB0C702A59">2021-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="01B9455751D90F408690CEFC438F5CB5">4906</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="69D772C996F47E12DCA70D701335CC47" type="CLB-Dataset">8839</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="241718BA0B30080AA404403F62EEAA26" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6635B55123E7F04460F14AA5FBF56BF1" type="GBIF-Dataset">308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F299BFDF3BC4AF2E34B632EBA5841F9D" type="Zenodo-Dep">4434000</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9527FFE6FDE5F9077746FB42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9527FFE6FDE5F9077746FB42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9527FFE6FDE5F9077746FB42" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79527FFE0FDE5F90771E2F8EF" box="[151,655,1666,1693]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9527FFE0FDE5F90771E2F8EF" blockId="34.[151,655,1666,1729]" box="[151,655,1666,1693]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0E176509527FFE0FDE5F90771E2F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,655,1666,1693]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9527FFE0FDE5F90771E2F8EF" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,655,1666,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FDE5F90771E2F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,655,1666,1693]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FDE5F90772FCF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,401,1666,1693]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9527FFE0FCEBF90671E2F8EF" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[409,655,1666,1692]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79527FFE0FDE5F9237278F8B2" box="[151,277,1703,1729]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9527FFE0FDE5F9237278F8B2" blockId="34.[151,655,1666,1729]" box="[151,277,1703,1729]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99527FFE0FDEDF9237261F8B2" box="[159,268,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1105,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-255@35.[151,1436,633,1082]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Synergus dimorphus (male paralectotype, MCZ-ENT 00013969): a) lateral habitus; b) mesopleuron; c) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434034/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79527FFE0FDE5F96F771DF970" box="[151,1136,1771,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9527FFE0FDE5F96F771DF970" blockId="34.[151,1136,1771,1796]" box="[151,1136,1771,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9527FFE0FDE5F96F7151F970" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,572,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FDE5F96F7208F970" box="[151,357,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619527FFE0FC1EF96F7151F970" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422310" box="[364,572,1771,1795]" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9527FFE0FC1EF96F7151F970" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[364,572,1771,1795]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Phil. 4: 376.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9527FFE0FEEAF96870A7F977" box="[920,970,1772,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
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material: MCZ.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79527FFE0FDE5F8AB779BF989" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9527FFE0FDE5F8AB779BF989" blockId="34.[151,1438,1838,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FDE5F8AB72A7F93B" bold="true" box="[151,458,1838,1865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9527FFE0FCA5F8AB711AF93A" box="[471,631,1839,1865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59527FFE0FF0FF8AB71FFF93A" box="[637,658,1839,1865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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with the following labels: ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9527FFE0FEB7F8AB7735F93A" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[965,1112,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FEB7F8AB7735F93A" box="[965,1112,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. dimorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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O.S.’ (white lable, handwritten) / ‘Osten Sacken Coll.’ (white label) / ‘Type 13969’ (red label) / ‘MCZ-ENT 00592792’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9527FFE0FDE9F8F0727DF9FD" box="[155,272,1908,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59527FFE0FC65F8F17241F9FC" box="[279,300,1909,1935]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9527FFE0FC41F8F0706CF9FC" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[307,769,1908,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FC41F8F0717AF9FD" box="[307,535,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9527FFE0FF6FF8F0706CF9FC" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[541,769,1908,1935]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label).
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9527FFE0F927F8F07621F9FD" box="[1109,1356,1908,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
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(2ϐ &
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59527FFE0FDE5F81373D7F9C2" box="[151,186,1943,1969]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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) with the following labels: ‘Osten Sacken Coll.’ (white label) / ‘Type 13969’ (red label) / ‘MCZ-ENT 00592793’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619527FFE0FCC5F83D779DF989" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422402" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9527FFE0FCC5F83D7138F9A0" box="[439,597,1977,2003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59527FFE0FF2FF83E711FF9A7" box="[605,626,1978,2004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9527FFE0FF09F83E7722F9A7" authority="Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[635,1103,1977,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9527FFE0FF09F83E700CF9A0" box="[635,865,1977,2004]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9527FFE0FE1BF83D7722F9A7" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[873,1103,1977,2004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2019’ (red label) (
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59527FFE0FDD3F85973A9F984" box="[161,196,2013,2039]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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in the same pin); same data, but with the following QR codes: 00592791 (1ϐ), 00013969 (1ϐ)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79526FFE1FDB5FF127178FC11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDB5FF127178FC11" blockId="35.[151,1437,150,610]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5FF127257FEC3" bold="true" box="[199,314,150,176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9526FFE1FC35FF137146FEC2" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[327,555,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FC35FF137146FEC2" box="[327,555,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, including the speculum, without smooth spots; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; frons coriaceous, weakly wrinkled and/or with punctures, never with sharp striae running from toruli; gena not broadened behind eye; POL longer than OOL but less than 2.0 times; F1 longer than F2, antenna of females with 13 segments,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CD99526FFE1FF3BFEA271EEFF32" box="[585,643,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
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males; margins of pronotum rounded, not swollen aside; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum, well defined in their entire length; metasoma of females longer than high in lateral view; and syntergum without micropunctures posteriorly or just with a posterodorsal patch never laterally extended. This species differs from others belonging to this group (
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9526FFE1FCC0FE337155FFA2" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[434,568,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digressus">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FCC0FE337155FFA2" box="[434,568,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. digressus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9526FFE1FF35FE33718EFFA2" box="[583,739,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FF35FE33718EFFA2" box="[583,739,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9526FFE1FE6EFE3370F3FFA2" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[796,926,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignicola">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FE6EFE3370F3FFA2" box="[796,926,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. lignicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by having yellow coxae in females (basally black in the rest of species); POL 1.2 times as long as OOL and OOL 1.7 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli (
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99526FFE1FDD2FE7B7391FC6A" box="[160,252,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1105,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-255@35.[151,1436,633,1082]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Synergus dimorphus (male paralectotype, MCZ-ENT 00013969): a) lateral habitus; b) mesopleuron; c) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434034/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11c</figureCitation>
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) (POL more than 1.5 times as long as OOL and OOL 1.3 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli in the rest of species); and metasoma of females as long as head plus mesosoma (shorter in the rest of species), among others (see the identification key).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6991B49526FFE1FDE5FBD57241FAFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434034/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1105,1129]" targetBox="[151,1436,633,1082]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDE5FBD57241FAFE" blockId="35.[151,1436,1105,1165]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDE5FBD57273FA1A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1105,1129]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9526FFE1FC51FBD6729CFA1A" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[291,497,1105,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FC51FBD6729CFA1A" box="[291,497,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male paralectotype, MCZ-ENT 00013969): a) lateral habitus; b) mesopleuron; c) mesosoma in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79526FFE6FDB5FB3F7602FD2E" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDB5FB3F7200FAA6" blockId="35.[151,1437,1211,2030]" box="[199,365,1211,1237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5FB3F7200FAA6" bold="true" box="[199,365,1211,1237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDB5FB5B704FFA89" blockId="35.[151,1437,1211,2030]" box="[199,802,1247,1274]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5FB5B72CEFA89" bold="true" box="[199,419,1247,1274]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 2.5–3.0 mm (n = 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDB5FA877246FBDD" blockId="35.[151,1437,1211,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5FA877266FB6E" bold="true" box="[199,267,1283,1309]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Color</emphasis>
|
||
. Black and rufous. Gena brownish orange, lower face infuscate medially; frons, vertex and occiput black. Antenna dark yellow. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and propodeum, black; pronotum and mesopleuron almost completely black, but posterodorsal sides of pronotum and dorsal mesopleuron, dark brown; tegulae dark yellow. Metasoma rufous to chestnut, dorsally black. Legs mainly yellow, tarsi and metatibiae, darker. Wings hyaline, veins yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDB5FA3C715BF881" blockId="35.[151,1437,1211,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5FA3C726AFBA1" bold="true" box="[199,263,1464,1490]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view subtrapezoid, 1.2 times as wide as high, gena not broadened behind eye, face subtriangular. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line slightly longer than height of eye. Toruli situated slightly under mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye about as long as diameter of torulus; distance between toruli slightly shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous, with some scattered small punctures; frontal carinae very short, branched, almost inconspicuous. Head in dorsal view is about 2.1 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous, with some scattered small punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 6: 5: 3 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 3. Occiput finely coriaceous, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE1FDB5F97F7612F92D" blockId="35.[151,1437,1211,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5F97F7243F966" bold="true" box="[199,302,1787,1813]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
. 13-segmented; filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel as long as F1; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 1.5 times as long as F2, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 3.0 times as long as wide and about 2.0 times as long as F10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9526FFE6FDB5F8EC7758FFFA" blockId="35.[151,1437,1211,2030]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9526FFE1FDB5F8EC7228F9F1" bold="true" box="[199,325,1896,1922]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence. Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.4. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum wrinkled, interspaces coriaceous; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum about 1.2 times as wide as long, densely and discontinuously carinated, interspaces finely coriaceous to alutaceous; anterior parallel lines weakly impressed, reaching 1/4 of the mesoscutum; notauli complete and visible in their whole length; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines shallowly impressed, surpassing tegulae. Mesoscutellum rounded, about as long as wide, wrinkled, interspaces strongly coriaceous; circumscutellar carina visible and well defined; scutellar foveae ovate to subtriangular, weakly sculptured, shallow, not well defined posteriorly and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron finely and irregularly striated. Metapleural sulcus reaching about 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae slightly curved and convergent posteriorly, medially with a weak carina. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FE1771CAFFDE" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" box="[199,679,403,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FE177392FFDE" bold="true" box="[199,255,403,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a small basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FE3273BAFC4E" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FE32727EFFA3" bold="true" box="[199,275,438,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, about as long as mesosoma plus metasoma. Radial cell ambiguously closed (especially the posterior third), about 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet visible, but only the posterior vein well pigmented. Rs+M inconspicuous, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FDC377CEFCBE" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FDC3722EFC12" bold="true" box="[199,323,583,609]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view. First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and with a small posterodorsal patch of micropunctures; not dorsodistally incised, slightly pointed. Hypopygial spine almost 3.0 times as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FD527602FD2E" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FD527276FC83" bold="true" box="[199,283,726,752]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">MALE</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99521FFE6FC5BFD537217FC82" box="[297,378,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1105,1129]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-255@35.[151,1436,633,1082]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Synergus dimorphus (male paralectotype, MCZ-ENT 00013969): a) lateral habitus; b) mesopleuron; c) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434034/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to female, except for the following: body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99521FFE6FE8EFD52773CFC82" box="[1020,1105,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 2). Antenna 15-segmented; F1 about 1.8 times as long as F2; F1 long, slightly curved, weakly incised medially, more broadened apically than basally. Malar space almost 0.7 times as long as height of eye. Metasoma shorter than head plus mesosoma. Head yellow, except for a black spot in the ocellar area; pronotum and mesopleuron almost completely yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79521FFE6FDB5FCE277EDFDD6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FCE277EDFDD6" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FCE27234FDF3" bold="true" box="[199,345,870,896]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9521FFE6FC1AFCE372C9FDF2" box="[360,420,871,897]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9521FFE6FCDDFCE3711DFDF2" box="[431,624,871,897]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Washington D.C.</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FF0DFCE3700DFDF2" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[639,864,870,897]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9521FFE6FE86FCE37732FDF2" box="[1012,1119,871,897]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F902FCE37669FDF1" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1136,1284,871,898]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9521FFE6F836FCE373D4FDD6" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FDBAFC0F721EFDD6" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[200,371,907,933]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FC0DFC0F71DEFDD6" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." box="[383,691,907,933]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these records need to be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79521FFE6FDB5FC2A708CFA2A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FC2A708CFA2A" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FC2A724CFDBB" bold="true" box="[199,289,942,968]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Originally reared from an unknown gall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FE7DFC2B709CFDBA" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[783,1009,942,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FE8DFC2B77F5FDBA" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[1023,1176,943,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F9D4FC2B73BEFD9E" author="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. & Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken & Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FD95FC5772E1FD9D" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[231,396,979,1006]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presumably obtained this species from ‘woody twig galls on red oaks’, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F991FC5776F1FD9E" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[1251,1436,979,1005]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presumably identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FCE7FC737144FA62" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[405,553,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FCE7FC737144FA62" box="[405,553,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. dimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FFB9FC7377DEFA62" authority="(Beutenmuller, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmuller" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[715,1203,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FFB9FC7370D1FA62" box="[715,956,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cynips multipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
(Beutenmüller, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6F9ADFC737624FA62" authorityName="Nee" authorityYear="1801" box="[1247,1353,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6F9ADFC737624FA62" box="[1247,1353,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Q. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FC38FB9F7184FA46" authority="(Kinsey, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[330,745,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Besbicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FC38FB9F7159FA47" box="[330,564,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Besbicus conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FF35FB9F718CFA46" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[583,737,1051,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref103125" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips, a study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 26, 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FE6AFB9F73BEFA2A" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="multipunctata" subGenus="Besbicus" variety="conspicua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FE6AFB9F700BFA46" box="[792,870,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FE08FB9F70B3FA46" box="[890,990,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Besbicus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FE83FB9F77E0FA46" box="[1009,1165,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">multipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6F9B9FB9F7650FA47" box="[1227,1341,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">conspicua</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F83AFB9F73BEFA2A" author="Kinsey, A. C." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref103125" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips, a study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 26, 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FC0BFBBB7171FA2A" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[377,540,1087,1113]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref103125" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips, a study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 26, 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but these records need to be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79521FFE6FDB5FBE77746FB42" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FBE7739CFAB6" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDB5FBE77259FA0E" bold="true" box="[199,308,1123,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FC36FBE77147FA0E" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[324,554,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FC36FBE77147FA0E" box="[324,554,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Synergus dimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from ‘numerous
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59521FFE6FEEBFBE770C3FA0E" box="[921,942,1123,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and two ϐ’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F935FBE7760EFA0E" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[1095,1379,1122,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref105131" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken 1865: 377</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We located and examined 2ϐ and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59521FFE6FC9CFB03717DFAD2" box="[494,528,1159,1185]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
belonging to the type series deposited in MCZ. A
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9521FFE6F93BFB0377DDFAD2" box="[1097,1200,1159,1185]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has herein been designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9521FFE6FDB5FB4B7746FB42" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FDB5FB4B7206FA9A" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[199,363,1231,1257]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref103125" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips, a study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 26, 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated several varieties for the gall wasp
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FED4FB4B77F4FA9A" baseAuthorityName="Beutenmuller" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[934,1177,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FED4FB4B77F4FA9A" box="[934,1177,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cynips multipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6F83CFB4B7131FB7F" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="multipunctata" subGenus="Besbicus" variety="conspicua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6F83CFB4B76F1FA9A" box="[1358,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FDD3FB777268FB7E" box="[161,261,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Besbicus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FC67FB7772DCFB7E" box="[277,433,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">multipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FC98FB777131FB7F" box="[490,604,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">conspicua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FFD0FB7770E7FB7F" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[674,906,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Besbicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FFD0FB7770E7FB7F" box="[674,906,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Besbicus conspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F974FB7777FEFB7E" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1030,1171,1266,1293]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6F9B9FB77760EFB7E" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1227,1379,1267,1293]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, corresponds to the host gall of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FF77FA9371F4FB42" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" box="[517,665,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FF77FA9371F4FB42" box="[517,665,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. dimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9521FFE6FFA2FA93774AFB42" authority="(Kinsey 1930: 230)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityPageNumber="230" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[720,1063,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9521FFE6FFA2FA937029FB42" box="[720,836,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. ochreus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9521FFE6FE20FA93774DFB42" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[850,1056,1303,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref103125" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips, a study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 26, 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey 1930: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |