treatments-xml/data/03/BF/70/03BF702A9519FFDEFDE5FCBC7098F81C.xml
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<mods:title id="1CB4402D9E5943CEB16BCFDFBEA6B2C7">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A23DE437DE568A136AA50580002CA12">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDE5FCBC710AFD21" blockId="28.[151,615,823,850]" box="[151,615,823,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0E176509519FFDEFDE5FCBC710AFD21" bold="true" box="[151,615,823,850]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FCBC710AFD21" authority="(Ashmead, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,615,823,850]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FCBC710AFD21" bold="true" box="[151,615,823,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FCBC72E3FD22" bold="true" box="[151,398,823,850]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus citriformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFCEFFCBC7132FD21" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[413,607,824,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79519FFDEFDE5FCF970EDFA5D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDE5FCF97701FDE6" blockId="28.[151,1437,892,1070]" box="[151,1132,892,917]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FCF9717EFDE7" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,531,892,917]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FCF97201FDE6" box="[151,364,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceroptres citriformis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619519FFDEFC03FCF8717EFDE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422400" box="[369,531,892,916]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC03FCF8717EFDE7" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[369,531,892,916]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9519FFDEFF6EFCF97049FDE6" box="[540,804,892,917]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
12: 300.
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9519FFDEFEF0FCF970D9FDE6" box="[898,948,893,917]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
material: USNM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDE5FC1F707EFDA1" blockId="28.[151,1437,892,1070]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06E6129519FFDEFDE5FC1F707EFDA1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FC1F72B5FDC0" authority="Fullaway, 1911" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,472,923,947]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FC1F725DFDC0" box="[151,304,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus niger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC4AFC1F72B5FDC0" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[312,472,923,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 4: 369. Type material: CAS (
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9519FFDEF966FC1F771BFDC0" box="[1044,1142,923,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
),
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9519FFDEF9FBFC1F7676FDC0" box="[1161,1307,923,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
in CAS and USNM. Synonymized by
<treatmentCitation id="0AB7E72D9519FFDEFCBCFC3E7062FDA1" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[462,783,954,978]" page="683" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFCBCFC3E7062FDA1" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[462,783,954,978]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="678 - 715" refId="ref103630" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Castillo-Mendoza, E., Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J. (2020 b) Review of the Synergus Hartig species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with woolly galls on oaks from the New World, with the description of a new species from Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (3), 678 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122.3.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFF3DFC3F71EFFDA1" box="[591,642,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b: 683)
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDE5FC5D7039FD83" blockId="28.[151,1437,892,1070]" box="[151,852,984,1009]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FC5D729EFD82" authority=": Weld (1922)" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,499,984,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FC5D7209FD82" box="[151,356,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus citriformis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC03FC5C729EFD82" author="Weld, L. H." box="[369,499,984,1009]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref108767" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Proc.
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9519FFDEFF4AFC5D7106FD82" box="[568,619,985,1009]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">U. S.</collectingCountry>
Nat. Mus. 61 (18): 26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDE5FC7370EDFA5D" blockId="28.[151,1437,892,1070]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06E6129519FFDEFDE5FC7370EDFA5D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FC7371DFFA7C" authority="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero, 2011" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,690,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FC73722BFA7C" box="[151,326,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC3FFC7371DFFA7C" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Medianero, E." box="[333,690,1015,1039]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref104912" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Medianero, E. (2011) Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). Zootaxa, 2774 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Zootaxa 2774: 4. Type material: MNCN (
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9519FFDEF912FC7377D3FA7C" box="[1120,1214,1015,1039]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9519FFDEF9BDFC7C765DFA63" box="[1231,1328,1016,1040]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in MNCN and MEUP. Synonymized by
<treatmentCitation id="0AB7E72D9519FFDEFC86FB927011FA5D" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[500,892,1046,1070]" page="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC86FB927011FA5D" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[500,892,1046,1070]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar (2017: 6)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79519FFDEFDE5FBD871F3FA05" box="[151,670,1116,1143]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDE5FBD871F3FA05" blockId="28.[151,1437,1116,1647]" box="[151,670,1116,1143]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FBD87267FA05" bold="true" box="[151,266,1116,1142]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC3AFBD871F7FA05" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[328,666,1116,1143]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFCA4FBD9716AFA05" box="[470,519,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. (2020c: 14)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79519FFDEFDB5FB047139FB75" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDB5FB047139FB75" blockId="28.[151,1437,1116,1647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDB5FB047234FAE9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1152,1178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9519FFDEFC15FB0472CEFAE9" box="[359,419,1152,1178]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFCDCFB047292FAE9" box="[430,511,1152,1178]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Florida</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFF47FB0471CAFAE9" box="[565,679,1152,1178]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFFC6FB04700FFAE8" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[692,866,1152,1179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFE1FFB04777BFAE9" author="Fullaway, D. T." box="[877,1046,1152,1178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref102850" refString="Fullaway, D. T. (1911) Monograph of the gall-making Cynipidae (Cynipinae) of California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 4 (4), 331 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 4.4.331" type="journal article" year="1911">Fullaway 1911</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEF950FB047638FAE9" author="McCracken, I. &amp; Egbert, D." box="[1058,1365,1152,1178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. &amp; Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken &amp; Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9519FFDEF81BFB0573ABFACC" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFDA4FB20710FFACD" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Medianero, E." box="[214,610,1188,1214]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref104912" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Medianero, E. (2011) Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). Zootaxa, 2774 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero 2011</bibRefCitation>
); and
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9519FFDEFFDBFB20706EFACD" box="[681,771,1188,1214]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFE7CFB2070D7FACD" box="[782,954,1188,1214]" country="Mexico" name="Aguascalientes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Aguascalientes</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFEB5FB2077F0FACD" box="[967,1181,1188,1214]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ciudad de México</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEF9D8FB207643FACD" box="[1194,1326,1188,1214]" country="Mexico" name="Guanajuato" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guanajuato</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEF849FB2076F5FACD" box="[1339,1432,1188,1214]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9519FFDEFDE5FB4C7382FA91" box="[151,239,1224,1250]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">México</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFD8CFB4C7210FA91" box="[254,381,1224,1250]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFCF9FB4C7286FA91" box="[395,491,1224,1250]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Morelos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFC88FB4C713CFA91" box="[506,593,1224,1250]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFF2DFB4C71C3FA91" box="[607,686,1224,1250]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Puebla</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFFCEFB4C7072FA91" box="[700,799,1224,1250]" country="Mexico" name="Tlaxcala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tlaxcala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFE5FFB4D70F9FA90" box="[813,916,1225,1251]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9519FFDEFEA6FB4D772FFA90" box="[980,1090,1225,1251]" country="Mexico" name="Zacatecas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Zacatecas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEF926FB4C73BFFB75" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFDACFB687299FB75" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[222,500,1260,1286]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="678 - 715" refId="ref103630" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Castillo-Mendoza, E., Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J. (2020 b) Review of the Synergus Hartig species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with woolly galls on oaks from the New World, with the description of a new species from Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (3), 678 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122.3.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFC1EFB6972C9FB75" box="[364,420,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC8DFB687125FB75" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[511,584,1260,1286]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">2020c</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79519FFDEFDB5FA94761CFBAD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDB5FA94761CFBAD" blockId="28.[151,1437,1116,1647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDB5FA94724CFB59" bold="true" box="[199,289,1296,1322]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFC5CFA947162FB59" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[302,527,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFC5CFA947162FB59" box="[302,527,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus citriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a generalist species, even though it is mainly associated with galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FAB07248FB3D" authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,293,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FAB07248FB3D" box="[151,293,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Amphibolips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on oaks within the
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFF72FAB07131FB3D" box="[512,604,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lobatae</emphasis>
section. Found also in association with woolly galls initiated by
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF842FAB076F8FB3D" box="[1328,1429,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF842FAB076F8FB3D" box="[1328,1429,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDE5FADC7228FB01" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,325,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Striatoandricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDE5FADC7228FB01" box="[151,325,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Striatoandricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(arisen by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFCB5FADC7180FB01" author="Cuesta-Porta, V. &amp; Arnedo, M. A. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Garcia-Martinon, R. D. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Venegas, E. G. &amp; Clark-Tapia, R. &amp; Romero-Rangel, S. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[455,749,1368,1394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref102319" refString="Cuesta-Porta, V., Arnedo, M. A., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Garcia-Martinon, R. D., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada- Venegas, E. G., Clark-Tapia, R., Romero-Rangel, S. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020) A new genus of oak gall wasp, Striatoandricus Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from America with descriptions of two new Mexican species. Zoological Studies, 59 (8), 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2020.59 - 08" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cuesta-Porta
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFF12FADD71F7FB01" box="[608,666,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
to include some previously known species within
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF85CFADC76FEFB01" box="[1326,1427,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF85CFADC76FEFB01" box="[1326,1427,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFDB4FAF87279FBE5" box="[198,276,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDB4FAF87279FBE5" box="[198,276,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and with other gall morphotypes (never tuberous galls) initiated by
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF967FAF87717FBE5" box="[1045,1146,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF967FAF87717FBE5" box="[1045,1146,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF9FAFAF877B2FBE5" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[1160,1247,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Atrusca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF9FAFAF877B2FBE5" box="[1160,1247,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Atrusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF99FFAF87656FBE5" box="[1261,1339,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF99FFAF87656FBE5" box="[1261,1339,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF83AFAF873B0FBC9" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF83AFAF873B0FBC9" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFD9EFA25724EFBC9" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1937" box="[236,291,1441,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFD9EFA25724EFBC9" box="[236,291,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFC11FA2472A7FBC9" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[355,458,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFC11FA2472A7FBC9" box="[355,458,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Loxaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on oaks of both
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFFF8FA247185FBC9" box="[650,744,1440,1466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFFF8FA247185FBC9" box="[650,744,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFE52FA247011FBC9" box="[800,892,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lobatae</emphasis>
sections (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFE9CFA2477F1FBC8" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1006,1180,1440,1467]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEF9DBFA2473BFFBAD" author="McCracken, I. &amp; Egbert, D." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref104185" refString="McCracken, I. &amp; Egbert, D. (1922) California gall-making Cynipidae with descriptions of new species. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 3 (1), 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1922">McCracken &amp; Egbert 1922</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFDACFA40710CFBAD" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Medianero, E." box="[222,609,1476,1502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref104912" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Medianero, E. (2011) Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). Zootaxa, 2774 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2774.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFF1FFA407082FBAD" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[621,1007,1476,1502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFE88FA40767DFBAD" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[1018,1296,1476,1502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="678 - 715" refId="ref103630" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Castillo-Mendoza, E., Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J. (2020 b) Review of the Synergus Hartig species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with woolly galls on oaks from the New World, with the description of a new species from Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (3), 678 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122.3.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF9FBFA4177ACFBAD" box="[1161,1217,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEF86EFA407608FBAD" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[1308,1381,1476,1502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">2020c</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79519FFDEFDB5FA6C7098F81C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9519FFDEFDB5FA6C7098F81C" blockId="28.[151,1437,1116,1647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFDB5FA6C7259F871" bold="true" box="[199,308,1512,1538]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9519FFDEFC07FA6D72C8F870" box="[373,421,1513,1539]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
material of both
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEFF14FA6C703DF871" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[614,848,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citriformis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFF14FA6C703DF871" box="[614,848,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ceroptres citriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and of one its synonyms,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF904FA6C7655F871" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" authorityYear="2011" box="[1142,1336,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF904FA6C7655F871" box="[1142,1336,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was examined and the species was treated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFF3FF9887092F854" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[589,1023,1548,1575]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar (2017: 6)</bibRefCitation>
, as well as treated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEF98AF98872DAF839" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="435" refId="ref103354" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2018) Estado actual del conocimiento de la diversidad de inquilinos de agallas de cinipidos en encinos de Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Entomologia mexicana, 5, 435 ‾ 443." type="journal article" year="2018">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar (2018: 437)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFC9FF9B4702BF839" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[493,838,1584,1611]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="678 - 715" refId="ref103630" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Castillo-Mendoza, E., Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J. (2020 b) Review of the Synergus Hartig species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with woolly galls on oaks from the New World, with the description of a new species from Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (3), 678 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122.3.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFF0EF9B571C0F839" box="[636,685,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. (2020b: 683
</bibRefCitation>
,
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). The
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material of
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9519FFDEF9B0F9B47607F839" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1911" box="[1218,1386,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEF9B0F9B47607F839" box="[1218,1386,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Synergus niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was examined, commented on, and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9519FFDEFFFDF9D0709DF81C" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Tovar-Sanchez, E. &amp; Castillo-Mendoza, E. &amp; Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J." box="[655,1008,1620,1647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="678 - 715" refId="ref103630" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Castillo-Mendoza, E., Buffington, M. L. &amp; Pujade-Villar J. (2020 b) Review of the Synergus Hartig species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with woolly galls on oaks from the New World, with the description of a new species from Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 122 (3), 678 - 715. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.122.3.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9519FFDEFE6FF9D1703BF81D" box="[797,854,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b: 683)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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