430 lines
49 KiB
XML
430 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="24F981E9F4607551A59645E67A34D728">Taxonomy of the Crematogaster degeeri-species-assemblage in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="49BD3B5E68F8C209361B11393B74D53A">Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA E-mail: bonnieblaimer @ gmail. com (corresponding author) & Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 ADA 98 B 1 - 6 FEC- 446 E-B 056 - 9244 F 417 F 0 BC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="05AAB3EE0C6E1D9B72AF02AF5192BBF4">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 7 CFCBBE 5 - 5443 - 4 F 94 - B 2 AC- 04 BFD 4 D 520 F 0</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB45B5D03CCFC4AFB15" ID-CoL="ZBVQ" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[585,1003,1213,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45B5D03CCFCFDFB1A" bold="true" box="[585,860,1213,1240]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster sewellii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45A7703CCFC4AFB15" author="Forel" box="[867,1003,1213,1239]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="22" refId="ref29888" refString="Forel A. 1891. Les Formicides. In: Grandidier A. (ed.) Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 22, Imprimerie nationale, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1599" type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC2FFB45BCF0392FCF8FB3F" box="[731,857,1251,1277]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB45BCF0392FCF8FB3F" blockId="50.[585,1003,1213,1277]" box="[731,857,1251,1277]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC2FFB45BCF0392FCF8FB3F" box="[731,857,1251,1277]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="51.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionStartId-1="53.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1390,702,1915]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1391,912,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure@51.[189,1399,694,1925]" captionTargetId-1="figure@53.[189,1399,905,1925]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="53" captionText-0="Fig. 20. Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891, worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120975). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0496779). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." captionText-1="Fig. 21. Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891, male and distribution. A, C. Male (CASENT0317761). A. Full-face. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820576" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825391" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3820576/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3825391/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 20-21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A90256FC02FA83" blockId="50.[189,931,1318,1345]" box="[189,931,1318,1345]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB459A90256FCB1FA82" author="Forel A." box="[189,784,1318,1345]" page="196" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1891">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB459A90256FCB1FA82" ID-CoL="ZBVQ" authority="Forel, 1891: 196" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="196" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,784,1318,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inermis" subSpecies="sewellii">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A90256FE6AFA82" box="[189,459,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster inermis</emphasis>
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r.
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB458FD0256FDE2FA83" box="[489,579,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">sewellii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45B5E0257FCB1FA82" author="Forel" box="[586,784,1318,1345]" firstAuthor="Forel" page="196" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="22" refId="ref29888" refString="Forel A. 1891. Les Formicides. In: Grandidier A. (ed.) Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 22, Imprimerie nationale, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1599" type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel, 1891: 196</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 6, fig. 9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A9021AFC6FFA12" blockId="50.[189,1312,1386,1488]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB074846FFC2FFB459A9021AFC6FFA12" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB459A9021AFE6CFA46" ID-CoL="ZBVQ" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,461,1386,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A9021AFE6CFA46" box="[189,461,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster sewellii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB458FE021BFD43FA46" author="Dalla Torre K. W." box="[490,738,1386,1413]" page="86" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1893">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB458FE021BFD43FA46" author="Dalla Torre" box="[490,738,1386,1413]" firstAuthor="Dalla Torre" page="86" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref29479" refString="Dalla Torre K. W. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7: Formicidae (Heterogyna). G. Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre 1893: 86</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB45A06021AFC73FA47" author="Mayr G." box="[786,978,1386,1413]" page="138" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45A06021AFC73FA47" author="Mayr" box="[786,978,1386,1413]" firstAuthor="Mayr" page="138" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="124 - 154" refId="ref30511" refString="Mayr G. 1895. Afrikanische Formiciden. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 10 (2): 124 - 154." type="journal article" year="1895">Mayr 1895: 138</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB45D16021AFB73FA47" author="Emery C." box="[1026,1234,1386,1413]" page="342" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45D16021AFB73FA47" author="Emery" box="[1026,1234,1386,1413]" firstAuthor="Emery" page="342" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="336 - 345" refId="ref29598" refString="Emery C. 1895. Mission scientifique de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire de Diego-Suarez (Madagascarnord) (Avril-Aout 1893). Formicides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 39: 336 - 345." type="journal article" year="1895">Emery 1895: 342</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB459A902E0FCACFA68" ID-CoL="ZBVQ" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,781,1424,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inermis" subGenus="Crematogaster" subSpecies="sewellii">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A902E0FECDFA69" box="[189,364,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB4586902E0FD8DFA69" box="[381,556,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45B2902E0FD34FA68" box="[573,661,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">inermis</emphasis>
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r.
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45BA702E1FCACFA68" box="[691,781,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">sewellii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB45A3E02E1FBBAFA68" author="Wheeler W. M." box="[810,1051,1424,1450]" page="844" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45A3E02E1FBBAFA68" author="Wheeler" box="[810,1051,1424,1450]" firstAuthor="Wheeler" page="844" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="711 - 1004" refId="ref31480" refString="Wheeler W. M. 1922 a. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. In: Wheeler W. M. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa: 711 - 1004. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45, American Museum of Natural History, New- York." type="journal article" year="1922" yearSuffix="a">Wheeler 1922a: 844</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB45D5F02E1FABAFA68" author="Bolton B." box="[1099,1307,1424,1451]" page="166" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45D5F02E1FABAFA68" author="Bolton" box="[1099,1307,1424,1451]" firstAuthor="Bolton" page="166" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref29294" refString="Bolton B. 1995. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." type="book" year="1995">
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D3A18AFFC2FFB45D5F02E1FB3AFA68" box="[1099,1179,1424,1450]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bolton</collectingRegion>
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||
1995: 166
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB459A902C7FD7FFA12" ID-CoL="ZBVQ" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,734,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inermis" subGenus="Acrocoelia" subSpecies="sewellii">
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||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A902C7FECDFA12" box="[189,364,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB4586902C7FE5CFA12" box="[381,509,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Acrocoelia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45B1A02C6FDC7FA12" box="[526,614,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
r.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45B9002C7FD7FFA12" box="[644,734,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">sewellii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB64979FFC2FFB45BEF02C7FC68FA12" author="Emery C." box="[763,969,1462,1488]" page="148" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC2FFB45BEF02C7FC68FA12" author="Emery" box="[763,969,1462,1488]" firstAuthor="Emery" page="148" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref29671" refString="Emery C. 1922. Hymenoptera, fam. Formicidae, subfam. Myrmicinae. Genera Insectorum 174 B, L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles." type="book" year="1922">Emery 1922: 148</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC2FFB459A90288FA9BF919" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A90288FE97F9D1" blockId="50.[189,310,1529,1555]" box="[189,310,1529,1555]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A90288FE97F9D1" bold="true" box="[189,310,1529,1555]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A9015AFA9BF919" blockId="50.[189,1399,1579,1756]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB459A9015AFE70F987" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,465,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A9015AFE70F987" box="[189,465,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Crematogaster sewellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be identified with the following unique combination of characters: very large eyes (OI 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB458BD0120FE12F9A8" box="[425,435,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.29), antennal scapes usually long (SI 0.77
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45ADF0120FC74F9A8" box="[971,981,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.87) and surpassing head margin, propodeal spines reduced to small denticles, and distinct bicoloration with head and thorax yellowish to dark orange and metasoma with abdominal segments four to seven black. Sequence divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB459A901B3FE98F919" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,313,1729,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A901B3FE98F919" box="[189,313,1729,1756]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. sewellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC2FFB45B0E01B3FD35F919" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[538,660,1729,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB45B0E01B3FD35F919" box="[538,660,1729,1756]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-assemblage ranges between 12.9 % and 22.2 % (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6955AD3FFC2FFB45DC401B0FA8BF919" box="[1232,1322,1729,1755]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@8.[189,1403,394,1151]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Summary of Tamura-Nei distance matrix. Divergences of cytochrome oxidase I sequences, as estimated under the Tamura-Nei Model (Tamura & Nei 1993) within the software MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011). Bold font emphasizes highest levels of divergence within and between species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF683FE0FFF8FF8E59A9067DFB51FEAE" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="DF683FE0FFF8FF8E59A9067DFB51FEAE">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC2FFB459A90074FC29F829" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A90074FE4DF8DD" blockId="50.[189,492,1797,1823]" box="[189,492,1797,1823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC2FFB459A90074FE4DF8DD" bold="true" box="[189,492,1797,1823]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A90074FE4DF8DD" bold="true" box="[189,492,1797,1823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFC2FFB459A90074FF5BF8DD" box="[189,250,1797,1823]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A90047FAACF8B4" blockId="50.[189,1399,1846,1911]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F6535FFC2FFB459D10047FAACF8B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761959330" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Madagascar" location="Dr. Besson" municipality="Dr. Besson" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="CASENT0101599" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-worker="4" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC2FFB459D10047FE87F892" box="[197,294,1846,1872]" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC2FFB4582B0047FDB5F892" box="[319,532,1846,1872]" name="Madagascar" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3A18AFFC2FFB45B300047FD1BF892" box="[548,698,1846,1872]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCCF512FFC2FFB45BDB0047FCFAF893" box="[719,859,1846,1873]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Dr. Besson</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFC2FFB45A610047FBA4F892" box="[885,1029,1846,1872]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="worker">six workers</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ACD1CAFFC2FFB45D020046FB2AF893" box="[1046,1163,1847,1873]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFC2FFB45D8C0047FB4AF892" box="[1176,1259,1846,1872]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
|
||
by present designation:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB1C713FFC2FFB45840002DFD8EF8B5" box="[340,559,1884,1911]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">CASENT0101599</specimenCode>
|
||
, lower
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFC2FFB45B91002DFD79F8B4" box="[645,728,1884,1910]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D11A4E1FFC2FFB45BEB002DFC3EF8B4" box="[767,927,1884,1910]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="worker">three workers</specimenCount>
|
||
on one pin, image on AntWeb.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A900EEFE58F87B" blockId="50.[189,505,1951,1977]" box="[189,505,1951,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC2FFB459A900EEFE58F87B" bold="true" box="[189,505,1951,1977]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC2FFB459A900EEFE58F87B" bold="true" box="[189,505,1951,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC2FFB459A900A0FC29F829" blockId="50.[189,904,2001,2027]" box="[189,904,2001,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC2FFB459D100A0FEB6F829" box="[197,279,2001,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">BBBC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC2FFB4583000A0FED5F829" box="[292,372,2001,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06F7ADFFC2FFB4586B00A0FE7EF829" box="[383,479,2001,2027]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
): refer to Supplementary Material 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC3FFB359A9067AFBBEFC8B" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC3FFB559A9067AFEBEFEE7" blockId="51.[189,287,267,293]" box="[189,287,267,293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC3FFB559A9067AFEBEFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,287,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559A9067AFEBEFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,287,267,293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Worker</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC3FFB559FE064BFE03FE96" blockId="51.[189,1399,314,481]" box="[234,418,314,340]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559FE064BFE03FE96" bold="true" box="[234,418,314,340]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC3FFB559A9062CFE94FE23" blockId="51.[189,1399,314,481]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
(n = 20) HW 0.72
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55898062CFE37FEB4" box="[396,406,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.99; HL 0.66
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55B2C062CFDE3FEB4" box="[568,578,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.89; EL 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55BF5062CFD4AFEB4" box="[737,747,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.23; SL 0.56
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55A9D062CFC32FEB4" box="[905,915,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.70; WL 0.75
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55D2F062CFBE4FEB4" box="[1083,1093,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.01; SPL 0.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55DE7062CFB5CFEB4" box="[1267,1277,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.04; PTH 0.15
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559E406F0FF5BFE58" box="[240,250,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.21; PTL 0.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB558A406F0FE1BFE58" box="[432,442,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.28; PTW 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55B6D06F0FD22FE58" box="[633,643,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.33; PPL 0.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55A2306F0FCE0FE58" box="[823,833,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.19; PPW 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55AEB06F0FBA8FE58" box="[1023,1033,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.29; LHT 0.54
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55DD706F0FB6CFE58" box="[1219,1229,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.73; CI 1.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55C7906F0FAD6FE58" box="[1389,1399,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.13; OI 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB5584D06D5FEC2FE7F" box="[345,355,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.29; SI 0.77
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB558EE06D5FDA5FE7F" box="[506,516,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.87; SPI 0. 01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55BA706D5FD1CFE7F" box="[691,701,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.05; PTHI 0.68
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55A6F06D5FC24FE7F" box="[891,901,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.87; PTWI 1.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55D5D06D5FBF2FE7F" box="[1097,1107,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.32; PPI 1.54
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55DEF06D5FAA4FE7F" box="[1275,1285,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.92; LBI 1.30
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559E406B6FF5BFE22" box="[240,250,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.45.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC3FFB559FE0576FEDAFDE3" blockId="51.[189,985,519,582]" box="[234,379,519,545]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559FE0576FEDAFDE3" bold="true" box="[234,379,519,545]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC3FFB559A9055AFC78FD87" blockId="51.[189,985,519,582]" box="[189,985,555,582]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC3FFB559D2055AFEEFFD87" box="[198,334,555,581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[201,1390,702,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[189,1399,694,1925]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 20. Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891, worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120975). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0496779). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820576/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Fig. 20A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB5583B055DFE98FD87" box="[303,313,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
C
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small to medium size (HW 0.72
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55BCD055DFD42FD87" box="[729,739,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.99, WL 0.75
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55A9F055DFC34FD87" box="[907,917,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.01).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF683FE0FFC3FFB559A900DCFAD5F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3820576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820576/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[201,1390,702,1915]" targetPageId="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC3FFB559A900DCFAD5F829" blockId="51.[189,1399,1965,2028]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559A900DCFEBCF805" bold="true" box="[189,285,1965,1991]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC3FFB5583E00DFFD79F80A" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[298,728,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB5583E00DFFD9EF805" box="[298,575,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Crematogaster sewellii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC3FFB55B5E00DCFD79F80A" author="Forel" box="[586,728,1965,1992]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="22" refId="ref29888" refString="Forel A. 1891. Les Formicides. In: Grandidier A. (ed.) Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 22, Imprimerie nationale, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1599" type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, worker and queen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55ACC00DCFBB2F805" bold="true" box="[984,1043,1965,1991]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A-C.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker (CASENT0120975).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB559A900A1FF7BF828" bold="true" box="[189,218,2000,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB5584D00A0FED5F829" bold="true" box="[345,372,2001,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB558CC00A1FE54F828" bold="true" box="[472,501,2000,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55B4D00A0FD2EF829" bold="true" box="[601,655,2001,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D-F.</emphasis>
|
||
Queen (CASENT0496779).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55AF100A0FBA3F829" bold="true" box="[997,1026,2001,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55D9500A0FB3DF829" bold="true" box="[1153,1180,2001,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC3FFB55C1400A0FAB4F829" bold="true" box="[1280,1301,2001,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A9067AFDFAFE70" blockId="52.[189,1399,267,434]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Masticatory margin of mandibles with four teeth; head shape fairly quadrate or slightly wider than long (CI 1.08
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB2584A065EFEC9FE8A" box="[350,360,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">-</emphasis>
|
||
1.13); posterior margin of head in full-face view laterally subangular or rounded, often slightly medially depressed; occipital carinae distinct; antennal scapes usually reaching or surpassing head margin; midline of eyes situated distinctly above midline of head in full-face view; eyes large (OI 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB259E406E8FF5BFE70" box="[240,250,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.29) and strongly protruding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A906ABFCC3FD28" blockId="52.[189,1399,473,746]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Pronotum laterally angular; promesonotal suture indistinct; mesonotum usually forming a flat plane with respect to pronotum; mesonotum usually with a short posterior face; mesonotum angular laterally, posterior face carinate, distinctly set off from propodeum; posterior face of mesonotum sloping steeply into metanotal groove; metanotal groove fairly shallow, laterally constricted and bordered by carinae; propodeal spines reduced to small denticles (SPI 0.01
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB25A310516FC8EFD42" box="[805,815,615,640]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">-</emphasis>
|
||
0.05); dorsal face of propodeum short, but distinct; posterior face of propodeum gently sloping; petiole in dorsal view broadly oval, dorsolaterally rounded, without posterolateral tubercules or denticles; subpetiolar process variable; postpetiole bilobed with a broad median impression; subpostpetiolar process absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90460FAD6FC3D" blockId="52.[189,1399,785,1023]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Head sculpture aciculate; mesosoma, petiole, helcium and postpetiole reticulate; face usually with six to eight erect longer setae, and regular shorter, appressed pubescence; erect pilosity on promesonotum abundant, usually> ten setae; otherwise promesonotum dorsally with regular appressed to subdecumbent pubescence; propodeum laterally with two to four erect setae; petiole and postpetiole usually with a pair of long, erect setae posterolaterally, and shorter appressed pubescence; abdominal tergites and sternites four to seven with abundant short erect pilosity, and regular appressed to decumbent pubescence throughout. More or less bicolored: head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole reddish-orange to yellow, rest of metasoma black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90357FEAFFB82" blockId="52.[189,270,1062,1088]" box="[189,270,1062,1088]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC4FFB259A90357FEAFFB82" bold="true" box="[189,270,1062,1088]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB259A90357FEAFFB82" bold="true" box="[189,270,1062,1088]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Queen</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259FE0324FE03FBAD" blockId="52.[189,1399,1109,1241]" box="[234,418,1109,1135]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB259FE0324FE03FBAD" bold="true" box="[234,418,1109,1135]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90309FD61FB1A" blockId="52.[189,1399,1109,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">(n = 1) HW 1.25; HL 1.18; EL 0.40; SL 0.80; MSNW 1.13; MSNL 1.08; WL 1.97; SPL 0.00; PTH 0.33; PTL 0.42; PTW 0.47; PPL 0.30; PPW 0.47; LHT 0.93; CI 1.06; OI 0.34; SI 0.68; MSNI 1.04; SPI 0.00; PTHI 0.79; PTWI 1.14; PPI 1.59; LBI 2.12.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259FE038EFEDAFADB" blockId="52.[189,1233,1279,1342]" box="[234,379,1279,1305]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB259FE038EFEDAFADB" bold="true" box="[234,379,1279,1305]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90252FB70FAFF" blockId="52.[189,1233,1279,1342]" box="[189,1233,1315,1342]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC4FFB259D20252FEEAFAFF" box="[198,331,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[201,1390,702,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[189,1399,694,1925]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 20. Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891, worker and queen. A-C. Worker (CASENT0120975). A. Full-face. B. Profile. C. Dorsal. D-F. Queen (CASENT0496779). D. Full-face. E. Profile. F. Dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820576/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Fig. 20D
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB2583B0255FE98FAFF" box="[303,313,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">-</emphasis>
|
||
F
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small size (HW 1.25, WL 1.97). With worker characters, except as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90211FED6FA03" blockId="52.[189,1398,1376,1473]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Masticatory margin of mandibles with five teeth; antennal scapes surpassing level of lateral ocelli; eyes large (OI 0.34), situated at midline of head in full-face view; head shape square (CI 1.06); posterior margin straight.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90294FCE2F987" blockId="52.[189,1399,1508,1605]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Mesoscutum in dorsal view as wide as long (MSNI 1.04); dorsal face of propodeum long and set off at right angle to posterior face; propodeal spines or tubercules absent; petiole moderately flared, postpetiole merely impressed behind; subpetiolar process variable.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90119FE19F8CD" blockId="52.[189,1399,1640,1807]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sculpture aciculate throughout; face with eight longer erect setae (n = 1!) and abundant shorter erect to suberect pilosity; mesonotum with abundant short and scattered longer erect setae; petiole and postpetiole with dense short suberect pilosity, and postpetiole with additional longer dorso-posterior setae; abdominal tergites and sternites four to seven with abundant erect pilosity and appressed pubescence. Color as in workers; wings clear.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A90046FF5CF893" blockId="52.[189,253,1847,1873]" box="[189,253,1847,1873]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC4FFB259A90046FF5CF893" bold="true" box="[189,253,1847,1873]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB259A90046FF5CF893" bold="true" box="[189,253,1847,1873]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259FE0017FE03F842" blockId="52.[189,1399,1894,2025]" box="[234,418,1894,1920]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC4FFB259FE0017FE03F842" bold="true" box="[234,418,1894,1920]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC4FFB259A900F8FD61F82B" blockId="52.[189,1399,1894,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">(n = 1) HW 0.57; HL 0.46; EL 0.22; SL 0.11; MSNW 0.69; MSNL 0.61; WL 1.24; SPL 0.00; PTH 0.17; PTL 0.22; PTW 0.22; PPL 0.14; PPW 0.24; LHT 0.60; CI 1.23; OI 0.47; SI 0.24; MSNI 1.14; SPI 0.00; PTHI 0.77; PTWI 0.99; PPI 1.64; LBI 2.07.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC5FFB359FE067AFEDAFEE7" blockId="53.[189,682,267,329]" box="[234,379,267,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB359FE067AFEDAFEE7" bold="true" box="[234,379,267,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC5FFB359A9065FFD0BFE8A" blockId="53.[189,682,267,329]" box="[189,682,302,329]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC5FFB359D2065FFEF2FE8A" box="[198,339,302,328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,912,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[189,1399,905,1925]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 21. Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891, male and distribution. A, C. Male (CASENT0317761). A. Full-face. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825391/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 21A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) Small (HW 0.57, WL 1.24).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC5FFB359A9061EFB6DFE31" blockId="53.[189,1398,367,500]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mandibles very short and reduced, blunt and edentate; clypeus fairly flat; eyes fairly large (OI 0.47) and protruding, midline of eyes situated well below midline of head, almost extending to clypeal margin; antennae 12-segmented; head wider than long (CI 1.23); in full-face view ocellar triangle situated at posterior head margin and elevated with respect to rest of face; occipital carinae distinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC5FFB359A9056AFC73FD03" blockId="53.[189,1399,538,705]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mesoscutum in dorsal view as wide as long (MSNI 1.14), scutellum in dorsal view broadly tapering from anterior to posterior end, dorsoposterior part rounded; metanotum not protruding from below scutellum; dorsal face of propodeum almost as long as posterior face; propodeal spines absent; petiole in dorsal view oval, laterally rounded, in lateral view anteriorly greatly tapering; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole fairly flat and short, lacking median impression.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC5FFB359A90598FBBEFC8B" blockId="53.[189,1398,745,842]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Head sculpture reticulate; mesoscutum with very fine longitudinal carinulae; otherwise sculpture more or less shiny to aciculate; regular appressed to decumbent pubescence, and a few longer setae on face, mesoscutum, and scutellum; remaining pilosity as in queen. Color brown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF683FE0FFC5FFB359A900DCFD4DF829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825391" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825391/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[198,1391,912,1919]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC5FFB359A900DCFD4DF829" blockId="53.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB359A900DCFEBDF805" bold="true" box="[189,284,1965,1991]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC5FFB3583200DFFD6EF80A" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[294,719,1965,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB3583200DFFD98F805" box="[294,569,1965,1992]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Crematogaster sewellii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF861299FFC5FFB35B5700DCFD6EF80A" author="Forel" box="[579,719,1965,1992]" firstAuthor="Forel" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="22" refId="ref29888" refString="Forel A. 1891. Les Formicides. In: Grandidier A. (ed.) Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie. Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar 22, Imprimerie nationale, Paris. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1599" type="book chapter" year="1891">Forel, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB35AFB00DCFB93F805" bold="true" box="[1007,1074,1965,1991]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A, C.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (CASENT0317761).
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB359A900A1FF7BF828" bold="true" box="[189,218,2000,2026]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Full-face.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB3584D00A1FED7F828" bold="true" box="[345,374,2000,2026]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Profile.
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC5FFB358CE00A0FE54F829" bold="true" box="[474,501,2001,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Species distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D3CE3FFC6FFB059A9067AFD9CFDC7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A9067AFE4EFEE7" blockId="54.[189,495,267,293]" box="[189,495,267,293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="D0E0D804FFC6FFB059A9067AFE4EFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,495,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059A9067AFE4EFEE7" bold="true" box="[189,495,267,293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA86F68FFC6FFB059A9064BFD9CFDC7" blockId="54.[189,1399,313,517]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC6FFB059A9064BFE33FE96" box="[189,402,314,340]" name="Madagascar" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05888064BFD0DFE96" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[412,684,314,340]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sewellii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05888064BFD0DFE96" box="[412,684,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Crematogaster sewellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is commonly found in high-altitude grassland, savannah and woodland habitat in the central and south-central highland region (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEFC28DFFC6FFB05AD7062CFBF4FEB5" box="[963,1109,349,376]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="800.0">
|
||
800
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05AE4062FFC5BFEB5" box="[1008,1018,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
1500 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), and at lower elevations (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEFC28DFFC6FFB059D106F1FEE8FE59" box="[197,329,384,411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="380.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="160.0">
|
||
160
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB059E706F0FF5CFE58" box="[243,253,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">-</emphasis>
|
||
600 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) in the Makay massif and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3002FF8FFC6FFB05BA306F0FD7AFE59" box="[695,731,385,411]" name="Russia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">RF</collectingCountry>
|
||
Beanka in western Madagascar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C73EDFFC6FFB05D7C06F1FB74FE58" box="[1128,1237,384,410]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,912,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[189,1399,905,1925]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 21. Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891, male and distribution. A, C. Male (CASENT0317761). A. Full-face. C. Profile. B. Species distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825391/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species often co-occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB058AD06D5FD93FE7C" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[441,562,420,446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mafybe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB058AD06D5FD93FE7C" box="[441,562,420,446]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. mafybe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC6FFB05B2E06D5FD37FE7C" box="[570,662,420,446]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05BC506D5FCEDFE7C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[721,844,420,446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05BC506D5FCEDFE7C" box="[721,844,420,446]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and otherwise with all other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05C4806D5FEB4FE23" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degeeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05C4806D5FEB4FE23" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. degeeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-assemblage except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1714EBFFC6FFB05B1406B6FD2EFE23" authority="Blaimer & Fisher, 2013" authorityName="Blaimer & Fisher" authorityYear="2013" box="[512,655,455,481]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malahelo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963B37AFFC6FFB05B1406B6FD2EFE23" box="[512,655,455,481]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. malahelo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2500E01FFC6FFB05B8206B6FD51FE23" box="[662,752,455,481]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This species appears to nest exclusively on the ground, either in the soil or under stones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |