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<document id="2CA106F5E33E3F1F943A6B504270246D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c08566c-16f7-4c32-a3c1-756725666467" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="288659" ID-ZooBank="86A305B7-2B9C-403E-8FC0-3420EFB13F52" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461070673167" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bryce, Monika, Poliseno, Angelo, Alderslade, Philip &amp; Vargas, Sergio" docDate="2015" docId="03B687F9A454FFE917DB50C04EB0FAFA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03963p200.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3963 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eleutherobia imaharai Bryce, Poliseno, Alderslade &amp; Vargas, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="FF8FFF81A45FFFE6174C56364C52FFCB" masterDocTitle="Digitate and capitate soft corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) from Western Australia with reports on new species and new Australian geographical records" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="160" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1698584499455" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3D642CD9E0DA5A149672235CBF6DF14C">Digitate and capitate soft corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) from Western Australia with reports on new species and new Australian geographical records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8BB4D61F9DEEDB936ABF0CB3FFF9439">Bryce, Monika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5EDDD1046A4E8B97E4ADDB11806F9B48">Poliseno, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3C79CB2D3056BE95B778E6D491649AC">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="453E67E0DF98FC949890C6936BFA6474">Vargas, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="862D0E53607A6A7C3749E7D328CF1F07">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B0BF2C98C1AFC6FD871DBF75EC17E7C2">3963</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B687F9A454FFE917DB50C04EB0FAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680254" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119615928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687F9A454FFE917DB50C04EB0FAFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687F9A454FFE917DB50C04EB0FAFA" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="C3056564A454FFED17DB50C04D8BF8FA" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA454FFED17DB50C04E42F8DB" blockId="11.[151,528,1782,1841]" box="[151,528,1782,1808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="D0E88183A454FFED17DB50C04E42F8DB" bold="true" box="[151,528,1782,1808]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA454FFED17DB50C04E42F8DB" bold="true" box="[151,528,1782,1808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA454FFED17DB50C04DF8F8DB" ID-CoL="398VW" box="[151,426,1782,1808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imaharai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA454FFED17DB50C04DF8F8DB" bold="true" box="[151,426,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">Eleutherobia imaharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2585786A454FFED16FE50C04E42F8DB" box="[434,528,1782,1808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA454FFED17DB512E4D8BF8FA" blockId="11.[151,528,1782,1841]" box="[151,473,1816,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">
(
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA454FFED17D3512E4CBFF8FB" box="[159,237,1816,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – C" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1465]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – C, Eleutherobia australiensis sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 31488; D, Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252; E, (photo courtesy Y. Imahara) Eleutherobia dofleini (Kükenthal, 1906) “ Type ”, ZMB 6524; F, Eleutherobia somaliensis, WAM Z 31487; G, Eleutherobia splendens, WAM Z 23988 - 1; H. Sphaerasclera flammicerebra, WAM Z 31480." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288666/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
D; 10, 11;
<tableCitation id="C69D0354A454FFED162F512E4DE6F8FA" box="[355,436,1816,1841]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[119,204,640,662]" captionText="TABLE 1. Distribution and occurrences of former species and currently valid species of Eleutherobia. Data in this table are based on records from the literature. (NR): new record in Australia." pageId="11" pageNumber="171">Tabs. 1</tableCitation>
, 2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3056564A454FFED17DB51564DF2F80A" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA454FFED17DB51564DF2F80A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1888,2022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA454FFED17DB51564DD3F8B2" bold="true" box="[151,385,1888,1913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE2AA454FFED16C551574D9CF8B2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[393,462,1889,1913]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">WAM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="944CAB0CA454FFED169951564E7DF8B2" box="[469,559,1888,1913]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13252" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" type="EnaNcbi">Z13252</accessionNumber>
, one whole specimen, Station 1031302, North West Cape,
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA454FFED13855157494CF8B2" box="[1225,1310,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" unit="km" value="190.0">190 km</quantity>
north west of Dampier, NW
<collectingCountry id="F308767FA454FFED162E51B24D9EF856" box="[354,460,1924,1949]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B5028A454FFED169551B34E08F856" box="[473,602,1925,1949]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" precision="5" value="-21.2802">21.2802° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B5028A454FFED152651B24EA8F856" box="[618,762,1924,1949]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" precision="5" value="114.0606">114.0606° E</geoCoordinate>
, epibenthic sled, depth
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA454FFED134151B248C3F856" box="[1037,1169,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 m</quantity>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE2AA454FFED139751B34973F856" box="[1243,1313,1925,1949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">AIMS</collectionCode>
NW Cape survey,
<date id="FFA1102FA454FFED17A2519F4DCFF80A" box="[238,413,1960,1985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" value="2001-03-13">13 March 2001</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3056564A454FFE9178B51FB4EC3FE66" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="11" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA454FFEA178B51FB4F6AFE8B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1888,2022]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA454FFED178B51FB4D03F82D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1997,2022]" pageId="11" pageNumber="171">Description</emphasis>
. The colony is essentially two digitiform lobes with an irregular surface, arising from a common base, each slightly tapering to a rounded summit (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA453FFEA159456A14F45FF7B" box="[728,791,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – C" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1465]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – C, Eleutherobia australiensis sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 31488; D, Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252; E, (photo courtesy Y. Imahara) Eleutherobia dofleini (Kükenthal, 1906) “ Type ”, ZMB 6524; F, Eleutherobia somaliensis, WAM Z 31487; G, Eleutherobia splendens, WAM Z 23988 - 1; H. Sphaerasclera flammicerebra, WAM Z 31480." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288666/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="172">Fig 7</figureCitation>
D). The largest lobe is about
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA453FFEA132656AE48FCFF64" box="[1130,1198,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
wide at its base and projects
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA453FFEA17B4568A4D1BFF1F" box="[248,329,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
above the holdfast, and the smaller lobe extends
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA453FFEA14CC568A4F90FF1F" box="[896,962,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
from the base of the larger lobe before it bends upwards and extends a further
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA453FFEA157456D64E2FFF3C" box="[568,637,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
. The aspect of the holdfast seen in
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA453FFEA134A56E94814FF3C" box="[1030,1094,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – C" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1465]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – C, Eleutherobia australiensis sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 31488; D, Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252; E, (photo courtesy Y. Imahara) Eleutherobia dofleini (Kükenthal, 1906) “ Type ”, ZMB 6524; F, Eleutherobia somaliensis, WAM Z 31487; G, Eleutherobia splendens, WAM Z 23988 - 1; H. Sphaerasclera flammicerebra, WAM Z 31480." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288666/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D is about
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wide. Apart from the holdfast, the numerous monomorphic polyps are evenly distributed over most of the colony, and they are all retracted within low to moderate coenenchymal mounds.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF606667A453FFEA17DB51BE4C99F877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288668/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" targetBox="[151,1436,357,1905]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA453FFEA17DB51BE4C99F877" blockId="12.[151,1435,1928,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA453FFEA17DB51BE4D46F856" bold="true" box="[151,276,1928,1950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA453FFEA165051BE4E7AF855" box="[284,552,1928,1950]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA453FFEA165051BE4E7AF855" box="[284,552,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="172">Eleutherobia australiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA453FFEA157D51BE4ED0F856" bold="true" box="[561,642,1928,1949]" pageId="12" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2585786A453FFEA157D51BE4ED0F856" box="[561,642,1928,1949]" pageId="12" pageNumber="172" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, WAM Z31488, sclerites: A, surface of the base; B, interior of the base.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF606667A452FFEB17DB51B34D35F813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="173" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA452FFEB17DB51B34D35F813" blockId="13.[151,1436,1925,2008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA452FFEB17DB51B34D71F851" bold="true" box="[151,291,1925,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="173">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA452FFEB166051B34E45F850" box="[300,535,1925,1947]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="173" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imaharai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA452FFEB166051B34E45F850" box="[300,535,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="173">Eleutherobia imaharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA452FFEB156C51B04E26F850" bold="true" box="[544,628,1926,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2585786A452FFEB156C51B04E26F850" box="[544,628,1926,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="173" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, WAM
<accessionNumber id="944CAB0CA452FFEB147951B34FD4F850" box="[821,902,1925,1947]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13252" pageId="13" pageNumber="173" type="EnaNcbi">Z13252</accessionNumber>
, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA452FFEB133C519348E3F871" box="[1136,1201,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="173">in situ</emphasis>
; black arrow showing position of pinnules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF606667A451FFE817DB50334D0EF9F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288670/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" targetBox="[150,1435,193,1508]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA451FFE817DB50334D0EF9F1" blockId="14.[151,1435,1541,1594]" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA451FFE817DB50334D73F9D1" bold="true" box="[151,289,1541,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA451FFE8166750334E47F9D0" box="[299,533,1541,1563]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="imaharai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA451FFE8166750334E47F9D0" box="[299,533,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Eleutherobia imaharai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA451FFE8155350334E21F9D1" bold="true" box="[543,627,1541,1562]" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2585786A451FFE8155350334E21F9D1" box="[543,627,1541,1562]" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, WAM
<accessionNumber id="944CAB0CA451FFE8147850334FD7F9D0" box="[820,901,1541,1563]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z13252" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" type="EnaNcbi">Z13252</accessionNumber>
, sclerites: A, surface of the base (a = capstan); B, interior of the base.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA451FFE8178B50544C84F92E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1633,2018]" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">
In the surface of the polyparium the sclerites include spindles, up to
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA451FFE814855057487FF9B2" box="[969,1069,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29 mm</quantity>
long, with acute ends, and ovals
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA451FFE817DB50B24D68F956" box="[151,314,1668,1693]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.16 mm</quantity>
long; some of latter may have very large, complex warts and one or two sharply tapering ends (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA451FFE8122350B24CE6F90A" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites in situ; black arrow showing position of pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A). The sclerites of the interior of the polyparium are markedly narrow, acute spindles
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA451FFE813CF509F4974F90A" box="[1155,1318,1705,1729]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.40 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA451FFE81223509F4CE7F92E" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites in situ; black arrow showing position of pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA451FFE8178B50C74D76F82A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1633,2018]" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">
The polyp armature is formed of slightly curved spindles
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA451FFE8140350C74FA0F8C2" box="[847,1010,1777,1802]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.55 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA451FFE8137650C748DFF8C2" box="[1082,1165,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites in situ; black arrow showing position of pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C). The collaret is about eight to ten rows deep and the points contain five to six pairs of obliquely arranged sclerites. The tentacles contain densely packed rods with a curved end (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA451FFE8152A510F4EEBF89A" box="[614,697,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites in situ; black arrow showing position of pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D). They are up to
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA451FFE814DB510F4FAFF89A" box="[919,1021,1849,1873]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
long, their length becoming smaller towards the tentacle tip, and they are obliquely arranged in two rows covering the aboral and lateral faces of the tentacles (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA451FFE8164251B74D36F852" box="[270,356,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites in situ; black arrow showing position of pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F). The pinnules contain a few small spindles, up to
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA451FFE814AF51B7481EF852" box="[995,1100,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
long, with relatively simple tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA451FFE8164051934D3BF876" box="[268,361,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of polyparium; B, interior of polyparium; C, collaret and points; D, tentacle rachis; E, pinnules; F, tentacle rachis sclerites in situ; black arrow showing position of pinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288669/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="174">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
E, F(arrowed)). A few introvert spindles of a similar size and shape as the pinnule sclerites are also present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA450FFE9178B56A1480AFEF4" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
The surface of the common base is densely spiculated, mainly with warty ovals,
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long (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE9122356A14CE0FF1F" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1435,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of the base (a = capstan); B, interior of the base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A). Short, plump spindle-like forms, up to
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA450FFE915DA568A4EA9FF1F" box="[662,763,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
in length, with sharply tapering ends are also present at the surface of the base, as are a few crosses and capstans (see
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE9146C56E94F3EFF33" box="[800,876,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1435,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of the base (a = capstan); B, interior of the base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
Aa). The majority of the sclerites in the interior of the common base are spindles up to
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long, which commonly have one or both ends acute (
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE913AE57324960FED7" box="[1250,1330,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1541,1563]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1435,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252, sclerites: A, surface of the base (a = capstan); B, interior of the base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288670/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B). Ovals and a few irregular forms of similar size, that may have pointed processes, also occur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA450FFE9178B577A48A2FEAE" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1329]" box="[199,1264,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9178B577A4D72FEAE" bold="true" box="[199,288,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Colour.</emphasis>
The preserved colony has a cream interior and exterior and the sclerites are colourless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA450FFE9178B57594EC3FE66" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9178B57594D78FE43" bold="true" box="[199,298,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Habitat.</emphasis>
The specimens were sampled from a muddy-rubble environment between
<quantity id="4CE79B0AA450FFE91327575948B8FE4C" box="[1131,1258,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 m</quantity>
depth along the continental slope utilising an epibenthic sled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3056564A450FFE9178B57814E9EFB6B" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA450FFE9178B57814FE4FD3B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9178B57814D69FE1B" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Remarks.</emphasis>
The sclerites of the surface and interior of the new species are of the same form as those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE917DB57EA4DD6FE3F" box="[151,388,476,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE917DB57EA4DD6FE3F" box="[151,388,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Eleutherobia dofleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE915A957EA4882FE3F" author="Verseveldt" box="[741,1232,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Verseveldt, J. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (1988) Revision of the genera Bellonella, Eleutherobia, Nidalia and Nidaliopsis (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae and Nidalliidae), with description of two new genera. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 245, 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1988">
Verseveldt &amp; Bayer (1988: 29,
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE9130F57EA48CDFE3F" box="[1091,1183,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,451,1441]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,451,1444]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 19. Phylogenetic tree of mtMutS. Numbers at the nodes represent: on the left ML bootstrap values and on the right Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp). Nodes with bootstrap value &lt;70 % and pp &lt;0.95 were collapsed. Triangles represent collapsed clades with strong support (pp = 1). Specimens analyzed belonging to Parasphaerasclera, Eleutherobia, and Sphaerasclera are in bold. Cornularia pabloi was used as the outgroup." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288678/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE913E757EA489AFE3F" box="[1195,1224,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1262,1284]" captionTargetBox="[183,1400,197,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[150,1435,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Phylogenetic tree of the 28 S ribosomal gene. Numbers at the nodes represent: on the left ML bootstrap values and on the right Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp). Nodes with bootstrap value &lt;70 % and pp &lt;0.9 were collapsed. Triangles represent collapsed clades with strong support (pp ≥ 0.95). Specimens analyzed belonging to Parasphaerasclera, Eleutherobia, and Sphaerasclera are in bold. Cornularia cornucopiae and Cornularia pabloi were used as outgroup." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288679/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">20</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE9124D57EA4C8FFDD3" author="Imahara" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Imahara, Y., Iwase, F. &amp; Namakawa, H. (2014) The octocorals of Sagami Bay. Tokyo University Press, 398 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Imahara
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9122857EB49CEFE3F" box="[1380,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
(2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 89, Figs. 24, 25) in their new book on the octocorals of Sagami Bay, and to a lesser extent by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE9127357C94D0CFDF7" author="Utinomi" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Utinomi, H. (1954) Some alcyoniid octocorals from Kii coast, middle Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 6 (2), 147 - 168." type="journal article" year="1954">
Utinomi (1954: 45,
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE9165E54124D07FDF7" box="[274,341,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="4.[151,250,874,896]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,265,846]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1437,265,847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Parasphaerasclera grayi WAM Z 54774; C – E Parasphaerasclera kimberleyensis sp. nov. C, D, holotype WAM Z 59789; E, paratype WAM Z 67195." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288661/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
when describing colonies collected off Minabe. However, the colony form of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE9139F5413491AFDF7" box="[1235,1352,548,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9139F5413491AFDF7" box="[1235,1352,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">E. dofleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is only known from Sagami Bay to Tosa Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F308767FA450FFE915ED547E4EB6FD94" box="[673,740,584,607]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Japan</collectingCountry>
, is quite different to that of the new species, having a narrow, commonly branched polypary that generally has pronounced polyp mounds of sufficient size to be termed “Kelche” or “Polypenkelche” by Kükenthal and “calyces” by Imahara
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE914FE54A74FB9FD63" box="[946,1003,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
and Verseveldt &amp; Bayer. There is also a difference in the polyp body armature of the new species. The latter lacks any intermediate sclerites between the points while
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE9166B54EF4DCEFD3B" box="[295,412,728,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9166B54EF4DCEFD3B" box="[295,412,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">E. dofleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE9154454E14FF8FD3B" author="Verseveldt" box="[520,938,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Verseveldt, J. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (1988) Revision of the genera Bellonella, Eleutherobia, Nidalia and Nidaliopsis (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae and Nidalliidae), with description of two new genera. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 245, 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1988">
Verseveldt &amp; Bayer 1988:
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE9147854E14FDAFD3B" box="[820,904,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1262,1284]" captionTargetBox="[183,1400,197,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[150,1435,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Phylogenetic tree of the 28 S ribosomal gene. Numbers at the nodes represent: on the left ML bootstrap values and on the right Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp). Nodes with bootstrap value &lt;70 % and pp &lt;0.9 were collapsed. Triangles represent collapsed clades with strong support (pp ≥ 0.95). Specimens analyzed belonging to Parasphaerasclera, Eleutherobia, and Sphaerasclera are in bold. Cornularia cornucopiae and Cornularia pabloi were used as outgroup." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288679/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A1
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA450FFE9178B54CB4E9EFB6B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
In order to check the exact nature of the sclerites from the tentacles and the interior of the polypary in
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE912C854CB4CA1FCF3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE912C854CB4CBDFCF3" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">E. dofleini</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
neither of which were figured by Verseveldt &amp; Bayer, we approached Dr Leen van Ofwegen, the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden and Dr Yukimitsu Imahara, Biological Institute of Kuroshio, for assistance. Dr van Ofwegen kindly examined the microscope slides used by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE9145655514808FC4B" author="Verseveldt" box="[794,1114,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Verseveldt, J. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (1988) Revision of the genera Bellonella, Eleutherobia, Nidalia and Nidaliopsis (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae and Nidalliidae), with description of two new genera. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 245, 1 - 131." type="journal article" year="1988">Verseveldt and Bayer (1988)</bibRefCitation>
but found that there were no preparations present of either character. Dr Imahara examined Utinomi’s specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE9131355BA489EFC6F" box="[1119,1228,908,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Eleutherobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9131355BA489EFC6F" box="[1119,1228,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">E.dofleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Tanabe Bay, Kii Pininsula,
<collectingCountry id="F308767FA450FFE9160D55864DD3FC0C" box="[321,385,944,967]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE916D955994E6AFC03" author="Utinomi" box="[405,568,943,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. 1. Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi 1960</bibRefCitation>
) and found that the tentacles contain small, somewhat scale-like, curved, flattened spindles with scalloped edges and not curved bars as in the tentacles of the new species, and that the sclerites of the interior of the polypary are not at all long and thin but are shorter and somewhat stouter, like those illustrated in Fig. 25C of the new book on Sagami Bay (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE91458522A4FA5FBFF" author="Imahara" box="[788,1015,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Imahara, Y., Iwase, F. &amp; Namakawa, H. (2014) The octocorals of Sagami Bay. Tokyo University Press, 398 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Imahara
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE91435522B4FE1FBFF" box="[889,947,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). He also confirmed the difference in colony form by sending an image of colony ZMB 6524 labelled “
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE914C7520948D3FB93" authority="Kuk." authorityName="Kuk." box="[907,1153,1087,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nidaliidae" genus="Nidalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">
Nidalia dofleini
<collectingCountry id="F308767FA450FFE913055209482FFB93" box="[1097,1149,1087,1112]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Kük</collectingCountry>
.
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A4884DA450FFE913C552764891FB93" box="[1161,1219,1088,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Type</typeStatus>
” (see
<figureCitation id="13242A6AA450FFE9124152094902FB93" box="[1293,1360,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A – C" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,481,1465]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. A – C, Eleutherobia australiensis sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 31488; D, Eleutherobia imaharai sp. nov., holotype, WAM Z 13252; E, (photo courtesy Y. Imahara) Eleutherobia dofleini (Kükenthal, 1906) “ Type ”, ZMB 6524; F, Eleutherobia somaliensis, WAM Z 31487; G, Eleutherobia splendens, WAM Z 23988 - 1; H. Sphaerasclera flammicerebra, WAM Z 31480." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288666/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E) and added the information that the pinnule sclerites of a colony from Tanabe Bay used by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B1EA450FFE913255252494BFBB6" author="Utinomi" box="[1129,1305,1124,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" refString="Utinomi, H. (1960) Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. 1. Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 8 (1), 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1960">Utinomi (1960)</bibRefCitation>
are slender rods that are quite unlike those of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3056564A450FFE9178B529A4EB0FAFA" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA036EFA450FFE9178B529A4EB0FAFA" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9178B529A4D1CFB0E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1196,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">Etymology.</emphasis>
It is with pleasure that we name this new species after our colleague, Dr Yukimitsu Imahara, in recognition of his assistance with our enquiries regarding
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D6CA450FFE9146952E74FC8FB23" box="[805,922,1232,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nidaliidae" genus="Nidalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="175" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dofleini">
<emphasis id="B96BEAFDA450FFE9146952E74FC8FB23" box="[805,922,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="175">E. dofleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, his continuing work on Japanese octocorals, and especially the publication (with Drs Fumihito Iwase &amp; Hiroshi Namikawa) of the extremely valuable book on the Sagami Bay representatives of this faunal group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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