197 lines
22 KiB
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197 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="029B9DE6F82667F56A6B10A43BC65F43" ID-CLB-Dataset="5606" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27b8f170-95d1-4132-a493-c0b78c109163" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915064" ID-ZooBank="3034E613-829A-4E56-A860-CA2A7C23B8FA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623197981020" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fritz, Uwe, Petzold, Alice, Kehlmaier, Christian, Kindler, Carolin, Campbell, Patrick, Hofmeyr, Margaretha D. & Branch, William R." docDate="2014" docId="03B68780CF59102518C3EBA1FD87FCDD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p522.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Emys olivacea Schweigger 1812" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="510" masterDocId="FF8FFFF8CF50102C1854EB39FF7EFFA3" masterDocTitle="Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae)" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="510" updateTime="1699006212259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E02C771EFBCE1A91715B0B178F3ED93E">Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69B5E78011D1D69A67B3E1528DE4AD41">Fritz, Uwe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E33916E31186B77CD02A187CE0C11CF">Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C9B7A22743EBE31F9DC2978E1F32FFA0">Petzold, Alice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1DD95F5F168D8A80C97A93EB8DBA2A7F">Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0830C63C1F99FE3A530674F32AD220A2">Kindler, Carolin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF4593451FE7F7FE03C0BCA5D62F827E">Campbell, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1747309A3CD1384498373A6002E972B7">Department of Zoology, Darwin Centre (DC 1), Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW 7 5 BD, England</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E880C99FD55AED1B298B28CE9EC8AFE1">Hofmeyr, Margaretha D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="306598AE6A5B3B33D95AE261B1505521">Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C85DEBDEA3FB1EFDFD89DD8D2E038B09">Branch, William R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="047D7E6C50D3E778ECE4B301B7C49AD8">Department of Herpetology, Port Elizabeth Museum, P. O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa & Department of Zoology, P. O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa Corresponding author. E-mail: uwe. fritz @ senckenberg. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="FD96656CBA1247313DD00BECCCB7801A">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B68780CF59102518C3EBA1FD87FCDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5082881" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5082881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B68780CF59102518C3EBA1FD87FCDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B68780CF59102518C3EBA1FD87FCDD" lastPageNumber="510" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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<subSubSection id="C305651DCF59102518C3EBA1FD5CFF11" box="[151,546,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF59102518C3EBA1FD5CFF11" authority="Schweigger, 1812" authorityName="Schweigger" authorityYear="1812" box="[151,546,152,178]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivacea">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF59102518C3EBA1FD5CFF11" bold="true" box="[151,546,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF59102518C3EBA1FE3AFF11" bold="true" box="[151,324,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Emys olivacea</emphasis>
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Schweigger, 1812
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C305651DCF59102518C3EBE7FA24FC95" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA03696CF59102518C3EBE7FD82FEC1" blockId="9.[151,1440,222,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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Schweigger (1812: p. 307) described a carapace from the Adanson Collection of the Paris Museum as the new species
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF59102518A4EA3AFEEAFEB8" authorityName="Schweigger" authorityYear="1812" box="[240,404,258,283]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivacea">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF59102518A4EA3AFEEAFEB8" box="[240,404,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Emys olivacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. According to the original description, the specimen originates “in sabulosis Nigritiae” [in the sands of
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<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251965EA1FFEF3FE9C" box="[305,397,294,319]" name="Senegal" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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] and is still present in the collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN 7971). This specimen was not available to us.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA03696CF5910251893EA57FB73FDB4" blockId="9.[151,1440,222,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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Starting with
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF591025193DEA57FD48FE24" author="Loveridge, A." box="[361,566,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="467 - 524" refId="ref12616" refString="Loveridge, A. (1941) Revision of the African terrapin [sic] of the family Pelomedusidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 88, 467 - 524." type="journal article" year="1941">Loveridge (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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, many authors used the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF5910251BF2EA57FB82FE24" baseAuthorityName="Schweigger" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[934,1276,366,391]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="subrufa" subSpecies="olivacea">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251BF2EA57FB82FE24" box="[934,1276,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Pelomedusa subrufa olivacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for helmeted terrapins from the more northern parts of the species’ range, which usually have the pectoral scutes of the plastron separated, even though this character cannot be determined in the
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<typeStatus id="54A48834CF5910251BCEEA8FFC81FE6C" box="[922,1023,438,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, which consists only of a carapace. Moreover,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF5910251947EAE3FD67FE50" author="Gasperetti, J. & Stimson, A. F. & Miller, J. D. & Ross, J. P. & Gasperetti, P. R." box="[275,537,474,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="170 - 367" refId="ref12043" refString="Gasperetti, J., Stimson, A. F., Miller, J. D., Ross, J. P. & Gasperetti, P. R. (1993) Turtles of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 13, 170 - 367." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Gasperetti
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF59102519DAEAE2FEB9FE50" box="[398,455,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993)
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</bibRefCitation>
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disputed the reliability of this trait, and since then most authors have treated
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF5910251DD3EAE2FF93FDB4" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufa">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251DD3EAE2FF93FDB4" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">P. subrufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as monotypic (see above and the review in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF5910251A83EAC6FB7FFDB4" author="Boycott, R. C. & Bourquin, O." box="[727,1025,510,535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="1788" refId="ref11440" refString="Boycott, R. C. & Bourquin, O. (2008) Pelomedusa subrufa (Lacepede 1788), helmeted turtle, helmeted terrapin. In: Rhodin, A. G. J., Pritchard, P. C. H., van Dijk, P. P., Saumure, R. A., Buhlmann, K. A. & Iverson, J. B. (Eds.), Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN / SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs, No. 5. Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, MA, pp. 007.1 - 007.6. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3854 / crm. 5.007. subrufa. v 1.2008" type="book chapter" year="2008">Boycott & Bourquin 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA03696CF5910251893E91AFA24FC95" blockId="9.[151,1440,222,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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In our phylogenetic analyses (
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<figureCitation id="13242A13CF5910251A4CE91BFD27FD98" box="[536,601,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1100,1122]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,201,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-427@5.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood tree for Pelomedusa, based on 1848 bp of mitochondrial DNA (12S, cyt b, ND4+tRNAs), rooted with Pelusios sinuatus. The tree topology completely matches the one inferred by Bayesian analyses. Numbers along nodes indicate bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 50 or 0.95, respectively (not shown for some terminal clades with short branches). Sample codes are voucher numbers; see Table S1 for explanation. Name-bearing types (red) and paralectotypes or topotypic samples (blue) highlighted. On the right, mitochondrial lineages of Vargas-Ramírez et al. (2010) indicated. No topotypic material of Pelomedusa galeata orangensis Hewitt, 1935 could be sequenced. However, the lost holotype is thought to come from the vicinity of Kimberley (South Africa) and all South African samples belong to lineage IX, so it can be concluded that Pelomedusa galeata orangensis represents the same lineage. Inset: Helmeted terrapin from the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa. Photo: M. Gregorič." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915066/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), the concatenated 12S and cyt
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251B94E91BFCB0FD98" box="[960,974,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">b</emphasis>
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sequences (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF5910251C01E91BFA64FD98" author="Wong, R. A. & Fong, J. J. & Papenfuss, T. J." box="[1109,1306,546,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="575 - 585" refId="ref13970" refString="Wong, R. A., Fong, J. J. & Papenfuss, T. J. (2010) Phylogeography of the African helmeted terrapin, Pelomedusa subrufa: genetic structure, dispersal, and human introduction. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 61, 575 - 585." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Wong
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251CF4E91AFBA6FD98" box="[1184,1240,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; this study) of a Senegalese
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF5910251919E97FFEA8FDFC" box="[333,470,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251919E97FFEA8FDFC" box="[333,470,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Pelomedusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZFMK 17076) are assigned with high support to lineage III of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF5910251CFCE97FFF9BFD20" author="Vargas-Ramirez, M. & Vences, M. & Branch, W. R. & Daniels, S. R. & Glaw, F. & Hofmeyr, M. D. & Kuchling, G. & Maran, J. & Papenfuss, T. J. & Siroky, P. & Vieites, D. R. & Fritz, U." pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="428 - 440" refId="ref13781" refString="Vargas-Ramirez, M., Vences, M., Branch, W. R., Daniels, S. R., Glaw, F., Hofmeyr, M. D., Kuchling, G., Maran, J., Papenfuss, T. J., Siroky, P., Vieites, D. R. & Fritz, U. (2010) Deep genealogical lineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa subrufa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 428 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
Vargas-Ramírez
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||
<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251D30E97EFAE2FDFC" box="[1380,1436,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2010)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. The placement of this topotypic terrapin suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF5910251B0DE952FC83FD20" authorityName="Schweigger" authorityYear="1812" box="[857,1021,618,643]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivacea">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251B0DE952FC83FD20" box="[857,1021,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Emys olivacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has to be identified with lineage III, which is otherwise known to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251A17E9B7FDF7FD04" box="[579,649,654,679]" name="Benin" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251AC0E9B7FC53FD05" box="[660,813,654,679]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251B6CE9B7FC07FD04" box="[824,889,654,679]" name="Niger" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251BE0E9B7FB76FD04" box="[948,1032,654,679]" name="Nigeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF5910251C43E9B7FA30FD04" author="Vargas-Ramirez, M. & Vences, M. & Branch, W. R. & Daniels, S. R. & Glaw, F. & Hofmeyr, M. D. & Kuchling, G. & Maran, J. & Papenfuss, T. J. & Siroky, P. & Vieites, D. R. & Fritz, U." box="[1047,1358,654,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="428 - 440" refId="ref13781" refString="Vargas-Ramirez, M., Vences, M., Branch, W. R., Daniels, S. R., Glaw, F., Hofmeyr, M. D., Kuchling, G., Maran, J., Papenfuss, T. J., Siroky, P., Vieites, D. R. & Fritz, U. (2010) Deep genealogical lineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa subrufa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 428 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Vargas-Ramírez
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251C80E9B6FA72FD04" box="[1236,1292,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B67CF5910251D0EE9B6FE6CFD68" author="Wong, R. A. & Fong, J. J. & Papenfuss, T. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="575 - 585" refId="ref13970" refString="Wong, R. A., Fong, J. J. & Papenfuss, T. J. (2010) Phylogeography of the African helmeted terrapin, Pelomedusa subrufa: genetic structure, dispersal, and human introduction. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 61, 575 - 585." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Wong
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF59102518C3E98AFFB1FD68" box="[151,207,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pectoral scutes of ZFMK 17076 are triangular, but the tips just meet in the midline of the plastron. A comparison of 21 helmeted terrapins from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251ADBE9EFFDAFFD4C" box="[655,721,726,751]" name="Niger" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251A88E9EFFC4DFD4C" box="[732,819,726,751]" name="Nigeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087606CF5910251B39E9EFFCB8FD4C" box="[877,966,726,751]" name="Senegal" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
from the collections of the natural history museums in Bonn, Frankfurt am Main, London, Port Elizabeth, and Vienna shows that specimens with pectoral scutes in narrow contact, as well as specimens with completely separated pectorals, both occur in lineage III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C305651DCF5910251893E87BFD87FCDD" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA03696CF5910251893E87BFD87FCDD" blockId="9.[151,1440,222,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
|
||
If terrapins of lineage III should be regarded as taxonomically distinct in the future,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D15CF5910251CA4E87AFE1EFCDC" authority="Schweigger, 1812" authorityName="Schweigger" authorityYear="1812" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA84CF5910251CA4E87AFAE2FCF8" box="[1264,1436,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Emys olivacea</emphasis>
|
||
Schweigger, 1812
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be the oldest available name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |