255 lines
31 KiB
XML
255 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="840024F9DBF2A675B0FE0DD4269A11B6" ID-CLB-Dataset="6314" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7aaad606-9dd4-47fd-b5bc-e75c8ba2bbb5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761869" ID-ZooBank="A10E0734-85A7-4B44-AD45-63142A1CC7D1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620988873296" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L." docDate="2021" docId="03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4970.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4970 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scopalina jali Turner 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="368" masterDocId="FF906C03FFE6FFCBB440FFB1FFA7432E" masterDocTitle="Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="366" updateTime="1698939887160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C5A99EA6684E57DE1251B0460D5F3E9F">
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<mods:title id="9B431578916F6B0EA1776F8799A203D8">Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4BA6D38CBC3666085DEEDF7E537BC008" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="01D0C7A73636EFE796E08C11EF7599A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9D7B35C31FD0BF6E94DC311FB310F3CE">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="226215557FC7E17239BED8E4A53FC255">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6C50177C233812594DD04B8007FD7847">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5EFE8DBA250811C1F858D9B48D1EF035">
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<mods:date id="10F37C589440BF76EFC4F10C05EB713E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="98FB6483245243BDD5A40CFCFF2E74E9">2021-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="64DF24F0203F3DC770CB3B1A830C0B3E">4970</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4EAB977464055F38262378E3DC7CCF47" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4895228" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182486377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4895228" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEBFFC6B4D7FB61FE0447C4" box="[151,419,1232,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B4D7FB61FE0447C4" blockId="13.[151,419,1232,1295]" box="[151,419,1232,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
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<heading id="D0F71201FFEBFFC6B4D7FB61FE0447C4" bold="true" box="[151,419,1232,1259]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B4D7FB61FE0447C4" bold="true" box="[151,419,1232,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEBFFC6B4D7FB61FE9947C5" authority="Turner, 2021" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,318,1232,1259]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B4D7FB61FE9947C5" bold="true" box="[151,318,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Scopalina jali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247C404FFEBFFC6B506FB61FE0447C4" box="[326,419,1232,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEBFFC6B4D7FB45FF4B4621" box="[151,236,1268,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B4D7FB45FF4B4621" blockId="13.[151,419,1232,1295]" box="[151,236,1268,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEBFFC6B4E0FB45FF444621" box="[160,227,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-55@14.[151,1436,237,1299]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scopalina jali sp. nov.. A: Field photo of holotype (CASIZ 235466), Santa Cruz Island. B: Field photo of paratype (CASIZ 235467), Naples Reef. C: Skeletal architecture of holotype. In C, vermiform and primary spongin trunks coated in apparent algae. D, E: spicules from paratype (CASIZ 235467)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEBFFC6B4D7FA8DFD0246EC" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B4D7FA8DFD0246EC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B4D7FA8DFE214678" bold="true" box="[151,390,1340,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B68AF30FFEBFFC6B5D2FA8DFDBF4654" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125626305" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="United States of America" elevation="12" latitude="34.0522" location="Big Rock" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.5736" municipality="Santa Cruz Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCode="CASIZ 235466" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BB1BCFFFEBFFC6B5D2FA8DFE584678" box="[402,511,1340,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: (
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<specimenCode id="DBA60D16FFEBFFC6B656FA8DFD6C4679" box="[534,715,1340,1367]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">CASIZ 235466</specimenCode>
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)
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<location id="8EDFF3B6FFEBFFC6B69EFA8DFCF64678" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F:8EDFF3B6FFEBFFC6B69EFA8DFCF64678" box="[734,849,1340,1366]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.0522" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.5736" municipality="Santa Cruz Island" name="Big Rock" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" stateProvince="California">Big Rock</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDB3F17FFEBFFC6B721FA8DFB924678" box="[865,1077,1340,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Santa Cruz Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEBFFC6B006FA8DFB1D4678" box="[1094,1210,1340,1366]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFEBFFC6B08BFA8DFAA64678" box="[1227,1281,1340,1366]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEBFFC6B1D3FA8CFEB54655" degrees="119.57360" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" precision="1" value="-119.5736">- 119.57360</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="002D425EFFEBFFC6B56CFAD1FE0B4654" box="[300,428,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="12.0">
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEBFFC6B56CFAD1FEFA4654" box="[300,349,1376,1402]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="12.0">12m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, 1/19/20
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B68AF30FFEBFFC6B669FAD0FDE546B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125626303" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="United States of America" elevation="11" latitude="34.42212" location="Naples Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.95154" municipality="Santa Barbara" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCode="CASIZ 235467" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54BB1BCFFFEBFFC6B669FAD0FD3D4655" box="[553,666,1377,1403]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: (
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<specimenCode id="DBA60D16FFEBFFC6B6F3FAD1FCCD4655" box="[691,874,1376,1403]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">CASIZ 235467</specimenCode>
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)
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<location id="8EDFF3B6FFEBFFC6B7C0FAD1FBB44654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F:8EDFF3B6FFEBFFC6B7C0FAD1FBB44654" box="[896,1043,1376,1402]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.42212" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.95154" municipality="Santa Barbara" name="Naples Reef" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" stateProvince="California">Naples Reef</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDB3F17FFEBFFC6B065FAD1FB694654" box="[1061,1230,1376,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Santa Barbara</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEBFFC6B09FFAD1FAF44654" box="[1247,1363,1376,1402]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFEBFFC6B126FAD1FA3B4654" box="[1382,1436,1376,1402]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEBFFC6B55CFA35FE0746B1" box="[284,416,1412,1439]" degrees="119.95154" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" precision="1" value="-119.95154">-119.95154</geoCoordinate>
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),
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||
<elevation id="002D425EFFEBFFC6B5F8FA35FDE546B0" box="[440,578,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="11.0">
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEBFFC6B5F8FA35FE5246B1" box="[440,501,1412,1439]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
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depth
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||
</elevation>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B68AF30FFEBFFC6B612FA35FD8846EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125626302" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="United States of America" elevation="15" latitude="34.42212" location="Naples Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.95154" municipality="Santa Barbara" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCode="CASIZ 235468" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
9/26/19. (
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||
<specimenCode id="DBA60D16FFEBFFC6B682FA35FCD046B1" box="[706,887,1412,1439]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">CASIZ 235468</specimenCode>
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)
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<location id="8EDFF3B6FFEBFFC6B7CAFA35FBBB46B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEBFFC4B4D7FB61FD72426F:8EDFF3B6FFEBFFC6B7CAFA35FBBB46B0" box="[906,1052,1412,1438]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.42212" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.95154" municipality="Santa Barbara" name="Naples Reef" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" stateProvince="California">Naples Reef</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDB3F17FFEBFFC6B06CFA35FB7546B0" box="[1068,1234,1412,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Santa Barbara</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEBFFC6B0A1FA35FAF246B0" box="[1249,1365,1412,1438]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">California</collectingRegion>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFEBFFC6B126FA35FA3B46B0" box="[1382,1436,1412,1438]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEBFFC6B4DFFA19FEAA46EC" box="[159,269,1448,1474]" degrees="34.42212" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" precision="1" value="34.42212">34.42212</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEBFFC6B558FA19FE3C46ED" box="[280,411,1448,1475]" degrees="119.95154" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" precision="1" value="-119.95154">-119.95154</geoCoordinate>
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||
),
|
||
<elevation id="002D425EFFEBFFC6B5EEFA19FD8846EC" box="[430,559,1448,1475]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="15.0">
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||
<quantity id="4CF80888FFEBFFC6B5EEFA19FE4046ED" box="[430,487,1448,1475]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 12/10/19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEBFFC5B487FA7DFBA243FB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B487FA7DFEDA4524" blockId="13.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B487FA7DFEE946C8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1484,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The ectosome of live specimens
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||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B686FA7CFCAC46C8" box="[710,779,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
is reminiscent of a jali: a latticed screen common in Indo- Islamic architecture.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B487F9A5FC1A4428" blockId="13.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B487F9A5FEC64500" bold="true" box="[199,353,1556,1582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Thickly encrusting, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF80888FFEBFFC6B63CF9A5FD604501" box="[636,711,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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||
thick, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF80888FFEBFFC6B715F9A5FC3C4501" box="[853,923,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
|
||
across (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEBFFC6B7B8F9A5FB9A4501" box="[1016,1085,1556,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1299]" captionTargetId="figure-55@14.[151,1436,237,1299]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scopalina jali sp. nov.. A: Field photo of holotype (CASIZ 235466), Santa Cruz Island. B: Field photo of paratype (CASIZ 235467), Naples Reef. C: Skeletal architecture of holotype. In C, vermiform and primary spongin trunks coated in apparent algae. D, E: spicules from paratype (CASIZ 235467)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761883/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Soft, spongey, and very compressible. Ectosome transparent, without spicules; a lattice-like mesh of spongin fibers visible in life; conules present, but very small (100–300 μm in width and height); ectosome more opaque after preservation in ethanol but remains partially transparent and lacy. Color in freshly collected specimens is terra-cotta (reddish-brown); red and orange tones are more muted in field photos, with color appearing to vary from tan to terra-cotta; samples fade to beige when preserved in ethanol. Oscules
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||
<quantity id="4CF80888FFEBFFC6B630F979FD4E45CD" box="[624,745,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter; occur singly; sparse in some samples and denser in others; partially closed by ectosomal membrane in collected samples.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC6B487F8A1FD7D44B9" blockId="13.[151,1437,1340,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B487F8A1FE924404" bold="true" box="[199,309,1808,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Abundant spongin fibers cored with spicules form a chaotic mesh lattice within choanosome. Larger spongin tracts, 45–65 μm wide, are cored with bundles approximately 5 spicules wide; smaller tracts, 8–20 μm wide, are cored with single spicules. No spicules detected outside of spongin tracts. Considerable silt apparent in tissue sections, but none seen coring spongin tracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEBFFC5B487F811FBA243FB" blockId="13.[151,1437,1340,2015]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,214]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEBFFC6B487F811FE974494" bold="true" box="[199,304,1952,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Oxeas only, gently curved; some spicule tips show “telescoping” (width decreasing in a step-wise fashion). Average spicule length for each voucher: 354, 358, 366 μm (N=30–37 per sample); total range in spicule length across vouchers 219–436 μm (N=100). Average spicule width at widest point, for each voucher: 8, 9, 11 μm (N=30–37 per sample); total range in spicule width at head 2–18 μm (N=100).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7FF5E5FFE8FFC5B4D7FA9BFD5B46A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761883/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" startId="14.[151,250,1322,1346]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1299]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFE8FFC5B4D7FA9BFD5B46A4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1322,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B4D7FA9BFEB5466C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1322,1346]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B559FA9BFE01466C" authority="Turner, 2021" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,422,1322,1346]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B559FA9BFE01466C" box="[281,422,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Scopalina jali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B5ECFA9AFE5B466D" bold="true" box="[428,508,1323,1347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247C404FFE8FFC5B5ECFA9AFE5B466D" box="[428,508,1323,1347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A: Field photo of holotype (CASIZ 235466), Santa Cruz Island. B: Field photo of paratype (CASIZ 235467), Naples Reef. C: Skeletal architecture of holotype. In C, vermiform and primary spongin trunks coated in apparent algae. D, E: spicules from paratype (CASIZ 235467).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFE8FFC5B487FA09FD9745DD" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFE8FFC5B487FA09FD9745DD" blockId="14.[151,1437,1464,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B487FA09FE5046FC" bold="true" box="[199,503,1464,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
In the winter of 2019–2020, this sponge was abundant on the shallow (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF80888FFE8FFC5B17AFA08FA3346FD" box="[1338,1428,1465,1492]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="5.0">5–17 m</quantity>
|
||
) rocky reefs off of Naples Point and the Elwood Bluffs, Santa Barbara,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFE8FFC5B785FA6CFB9D46D9" box="[965,1082,1501,1527]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The species was not seen in 4 dives at these same locations in the Spring and Summer of 2019, suggesting that the population may vary seasonally or in a boom-and-bust fashion on longer timescales. Consistent with this latter possibility, many large individuals of this species were seen at the Big Rock dive site at Santa Cruz Island in January of 2020, while no individuals were seen in three dives at the same location in November of 2018. The only other probable sighting I am aware of is a photo uploaded to the site iNaturalist (inaturalist.org/observations/41000570). This photo is very likely to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B114F920FA324585" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[1364,1429,1681,1707]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B114F920FA324585" box="[1364,1429,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">S. jali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as no other sponge with this morphology is known in Southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFE8FFC5B725F904FC7D45E1" box="[869,986,1717,1743]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The photo is annotated as from Heisler Park, Laguna Beach, from
|
||
<date id="FFBE83ADFFE8FFC5B585F968FD8B45DD" box="[453,556,1753,1779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" value="2007-04-03">3/4/2007</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFE8FFC4B487F94CFD72426F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFE8FFC4B487F94CFE8743D7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1464,2032]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B487F94CFE9C4439" bold="true" box="[199,315,1789,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Genetic data at two loci confirm that this species is within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B048F94CFBDF4439" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1032,1144,1789,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B048F94CFBDF4439" box="[1032,1144,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Scopalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abundant spongin fibers cored with simple spicules, telescoping spicule tips, and lack of ectosomal skeleton are all consistent with this placement. The presence of oxeas, rather than styles, required modification of recent definitions of order, family, and genus -- though one species currently placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B6D4F8D8FCA344AD" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[660,772,1897,1923]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B6D4F8D8FCA344AD" box="[660,772,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Scopalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the World Porifera database also contains only oxeas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B1C7F8D8FE414486" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1954))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B1C7F8D8FF7A4489" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">S. agoga</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFE8FFC5B4ADF83CFE734486" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[237,468,1933,1960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" refId="ref10552" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1954) The sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon, 320 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6516" type="book" year="1954">de Laubenfels, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another contains both styles and oxeas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B79EF83CFA3E4489" authority="(Pulitzer-Finali, 1982))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[990,1433,1933,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B79EF83CFB2D4489" box="[990,1162,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">S. australiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFE8FFC5B0D9F83CFA214489" author="Pulitzer-Finali, G." box="[1177,1414,1933,1959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" pagination="87 - 141" refId="ref11320" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1982) Some new or little-known sponges from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova, 48 - 49, 87 - 141." type="journal article" year="1982">Pulitzer-Finali, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B4D7F800FE9244E5" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,309,1969,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B4D7F800FE9244E5" box="[151,309,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Scopalina jali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B677F800FD3C44E5" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[567,667,1969,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B677F800FD3C44E5" box="[567,667,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">S. agoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by spicule size and the presence of many tangential spicules in the ectosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE8FFC5B567F864FE2D44C1" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[295,394,2005,2031]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agoga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE8FFC5B567F864FE2D44C1" box="[295,394,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">S. agoga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this previously described species is also known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFE8FFC5B06CF864FBCD44C1" box="[1068,1130,2005,2031]" name="Palau" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFE8FFC5B03AF864FAFA44DE" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[1146,1373,2005,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" refId="ref10552" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1954) The sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon, 320 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6516" type="book" year="1954">de Laubenfels 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skeletal architecture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE9FFC4B5DFFF26FE46439F" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[415,481,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="368" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE9FFC4B5DFFF26FE46439F" box="[415,481,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">S. jali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs markedly from the other California species described herein due to its highly reticulated nature, but this is similar to the published description of the Atlantic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFE9FFC4B0C2FF0AFEBB43D7" authority="(Blanquer & Uriz, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Blanquer & Uriz" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="15" pageNumber="368" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ceutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFE9FFC4B0C2FF0AFAA143FA" box="[1154,1286,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">S. ceutensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFE9FFC4B156FF0AFEB343D7" author="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J." pageId="15" pageNumber="368" pagination="489 - 502" refId="ref9181" refString="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J. (2008) " A posteriori " searching for phenotypic characters to described new cryptic species of sponges revealed by molecular markers (Scopalina: Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 489 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 07004" type="journal article" year="2008">Blanquer & Uriz, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFE9FFC4B487FEB2FD72426F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">
|
||
It is likely that this sponge can be identified from field photos alone within Southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFE9FFC4B0C0FEB2FB534233" box="[1152,1268,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, as I have seen no other sponge with a similar morphology to date.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |