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<document id="8E18C8B149379EDC6505A38E5CDBED16" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20d58797-2815-434b-a9c5-5786e926af9d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283115" ID-ZooBank="91FCB387-5D4F-4F12-ABDC-B06D7F60A271" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460563276739" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A. &amp; Pitts, James P." docDate="2012" docId="038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03587p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3587" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma mendica Blake 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB8FF9D1608FFA9FF9EED63FFB0FF9D" masterDocTitle="Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698320574733" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FC2924F04762096FF7F27663F4E61442">Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="507E67F0E41907DEC5EA2154F734278D">Boehme, Nicole F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2561F75C0FE0B55DB805E383166290AD">Tanner, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E674987372D4DAEF5DBA2C2D869A82D4">Williams, Kevin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0C3C8D16306271C4BB50B3A8D3F9F798">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5942F448D04D57D8F206D9997E73D15E">3587</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF09ECF1FDC8FE36" box="[151,632,401,428]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF09ECF1FDC8FE36" blockId="32.[151,632,401,428]" box="[151,632,401,428]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0DF819F1628FF89FF09ECF1FDC8FE36" bold="true" box="[151,632,401,428]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FF09ECF1FDC8FE36" authority="Blake, 1871" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,632,401,428]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF09ECF1FDC8FE36" bold="true" box="[151,632,401,428]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF09ECF1FE7CFE31" bold="true" box="[151,460,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sphaeropthalma mendica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FE42ECF2FDC0FE36" author="Blake, C. A." box="[476,624,401,427]" firstAuthor="Blake" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="217 - 265" part="3" refId="ref57163" refString="Blake, C. A. (1871) Synopsis of the Mutillidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 3, 217 - 265." title="Synopsis of the Mutillidae of North America" type="journal article" year="1871">Blake, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF09ECBAFE45FE73" box="[151,501,472,494]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF09ECBAFE45FE73" blockId="32.[151,1007,472,556]" box="[151,501,472,494]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FF09ECBAFE41FE73" authority="Blake, 1871: 259" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,497,472,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mendica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF09ECBAFE8BFE73" box="[151,315,472,494]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Agama mendica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8910E21628FF89FEDFECBBFE41FE73" author="Blake" box="[321,497,472,494]" page="259" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FEDFECBBFE41FE73" author="Blake, C. A." box="[321,497,472,494]" firstAuthor="Blake" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" page="259" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="217 - 265" part="3" refId="ref57163" refString="Blake, C. A. (1871) Synopsis of the Mutillidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 3, 217 - 265." title="Synopsis of the Mutillidae of North America" type="journal article" year="1871">Blake, 1871: 259</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FE65ECBAFC5FFE72" box="[507,1007,472,495]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FE65ECBAFC5FFE72" blockId="32.[151,1007,472,556]" box="[507,1007,472,495]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
3.
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FD85ECBAFD30FE73" box="[539,640,473,494]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here): Nevada (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE361628FF89FC00ECBAFC55FE72" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[926,997,473,495]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ANSP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF09EC94FE5FFD90" box="[151,495,503,525]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF09EC94FE5FFD90" blockId="32.[151,1007,472,556]" box="[151,495,503,525]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FF09EC94FE5CFD90" authority="Blake, 1879: 250" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,492,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspasia">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF09EC94FE85FD90" box="[151,309,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mutilla aspasia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8910E21628FF89FEA5EC94FE5CFD90" author="Blake" box="[315,492,503,525]" page="250" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FEA5EC94FE5CFD90" author="Blake, C. A." box="[315,492,503,525]" firstAuthor="Blake" journalOrPublisher="Transaction of the American Entomological Society" page="250" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="243 - 254" part="7" refId="ref57193" refString="Blake, C. A. (1879) Catalogue of the Mutillidae of North America, with descriptions of new species. Transaction of the American Entomological Society, 7, 243 - 254." title="Catalogue of the Mutillidae of North America, with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1879">Blake, 1879: 250</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
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,
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FE68EC9BFC9DFD93" box="[502,813,503,526]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FE68EC9BFC9DFD93" blockId="32.[151,1007,472,556]" box="[502,813,503,526]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
♀.
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FD8BEC94FDC7FD90" box="[533,631,503,525]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Nevada (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE361628FF89FD42EC9BFC93FD93" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[732,803,504,526]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ANSP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF09EF75FD91FDB1" box="[151,545,534,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF09EF75FD91FDB1" blockId="32.[151,1007,472,556]" box="[151,545,534,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8910E21628FF89FF09EF75FDACFDB1" box="[151,540,534,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FF09EF75FDACFDB1" authority="Blake, 1886" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,540,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Photopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF09EF75FED6FDB1" box="[151,358,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Photopsis nebulosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FEF2EF75FDACFDB1" author="Blake, C. A." box="[364,540,534,556]" firstAuthor="Blake" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" page="275" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="179 - 286" part="13" refId="ref57229" refString="Blake, C. A. (1886) Monograph of the Mutillidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 13, 179 - 286." title="Monograph of the Mutillidae of North America" type="journal article" year="1886">Blake, 1886: 275</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FDB9EF75FCEEFDB1" box="[551,862,534,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FDB9EF75FCEEFDB1" blockId="32.[151,1007,472,556]" box="[551,862,534,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
3.
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FDD8EF75FD18FDB1" box="[582,680,534,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Nevada (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE361628FF89FC93EF75FCE3FDB1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[781,851,534,556]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ANSP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF09EF3BFE8CFBBD" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF09EF3BFE8CFBBD" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF09EF3BFEBAFDEC" bold="true" box="[151,266,600,625]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by having mandibles that are weakly excised ventrally with a indistinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FBD9EF1FFAB8FD09" author="Pitts, J. P. &amp; Williams, K. A. &amp; Wilson, J. S. &amp; Boehme, N. F." box="[1095,1288,636,661]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pitts" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 34" part="2553" refId="ref58654" refString="Pitts, J. P., Williams, K. A., Wilson, J. S. &amp; Boehme, N. F. (2010 a) Nocturnal velvet ant males (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Deep Canyon, California including four new species and a fifth new species from Owens Lake Valley, California. Zootaxa, 2553, 1 - 34." title="Nocturnal velvet ant males (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Deep Canyon, California including four new species and a fifth new species from Owens Lake Valley, California" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Pitts
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FB1EEF1DFB01FD08" box="[1152,1201,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2010a
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 55), the posterior margin of the head is quadrate, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternite has a distinct felt line, and the pygidium is granulate. The genitalia of this species are quite similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FA18EFA7FEBCFC9D" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulifera">S. angulifera</taxonomicName>
. Genitalia are illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FDCCEF8BFC93FC9D" author="Pitts, J. P. &amp; Williams, K. A. &amp; Wilson, J. S. &amp; Boehme, N. F." box="[594,803,744,769]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pitts" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 34" part="2553" refId="ref58654" refString="Pitts, J. P., Williams, K. A., Wilson, J. S. &amp; Boehme, N. F. (2010 a) Nocturnal velvet ant males (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Deep Canyon, California including four new species and a fifth new species from Owens Lake Valley, California. Zootaxa, 2553, 1 - 34." title="Nocturnal velvet ant males (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Deep Canyon, California including four new species and a fifth new species from Owens Lake Valley, California" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Pitts
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FD13EF89FD70FC9C" box="[653,704,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. (2010a
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 60). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with dense erect red to pale orange brachyplumose setae that obscure the integument; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision, but lacks a ventral tooth and a dorsal tooth at termination of dorsal carina; the head below the eyes widens towards the mandibular insertions; the first metasoma segment is sessile with the second segment; and the pygidium is longitudinally striate and granulate between the striae; the eyes are larger than the distance from the posterior margin of the eye to the vertex of the head (the eye is from 1.2 to 1.4 times as big as the length from the margin of the eye to the vertex of the head); and the apical margins of the tergites have dense fringes of white plumose setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF59E94FFE9DFA4C" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF59E94FFE9DFA4C" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF59E94FFE02FBD8" bold="true" box="[199,434,1068,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FE27E94EFE5FFBD8" box="[441,495,1069,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FDFAE94EFB5FFBD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624760" box="[612,1263,1068,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FDFAE94EFD63FBD9" box="[612,723,1069,1092]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FDFAE94EFD63FBD9" bold="true" box="[612,723,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FD64E94EFCC9FBD8" box="[762,889,1069,1093]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mendica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FD64E94EFCC9FBD8" box="[762,889,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. mendica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Nevada,
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FC73E94EFBADFBD8" box="[1005,1053,1069,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
no. 4551 (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE361628FF89FB07E94FFB57FBD9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[1177,1255,1068,1092]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ANSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FB65E94FFADEFBD8" box="[1275,1390,1068,1093]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FB65E94FFADEFBD8" bold="true" box="[1275,1390,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Holotypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FAE3E94DFDD0FBF5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624409" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FAE3E94DFF5CFBF4" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspasia">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FAE3E94DFF5CFBF4" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">M. aspasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Nevada,
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FEFEE932FE20FBF4" box="[352,400,1105,1129]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
no. 4574 (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE361628FF89FD94E933FDE8FBF5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[522,600,1104,1128]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ANSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FDF2E932FBCEFBF5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625063" box="[620,1150,1104,1129]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FDF2E932FCBAFBF4" box="[620,778,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ph. nebulosus</emphasis>
: Nevada,
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FCE0E932FC1EFBF4" box="[894,942,1105,1129]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
no. 4549 (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE361628FF89FBB6E933FBC6FBF5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[1064,1142,1104,1128]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ANSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. Other material.
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FAA5E932FC2AFB11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625110" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FAA5E932FA2CFBF4" bold="true" box="[1339,1436,1105,1129]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Nevada,</emphasis>
Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 4 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FD36E917FCE3FB11" box="[680,851,1140,1164]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-09-18" valueMax="2009-09-23" valueMin="2009-09-18">1823.IX.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FC38E917FA36FB11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624904" box="[934,1414,1140,1165]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Non-dune site 2: 3 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FB53E917FA32FB11" box="[1229,1410,1140,1164]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-21" valueMax="2009-07-23" valueMin="2009-07-21">2123.VII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FA10E917FE03FB2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624618" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF6EE9FBFE1EFB2D" box="[240,430,1176,1200]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-08-17" valueMax="2009-08-19" valueMin="2009-08-17">1719.VIII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FE5EE9FBFD53FB2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625135" box="[448,739,1176,1201]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
5 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FDADE9FBFD6FFB2D" box="[563,735,1176,1200]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-09-18" valueMax="2009-09-23" valueMin="2009-09-18">1823.IX.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FD6EE9FBFBE2FB2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624931" box="[752,1106,1176,1201]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FCFAE9FBFBB6FB2D" box="[868,1030,1176,1200]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-10-16" valueMax="2009-10-18" valueMin="2009-10-16">1618.X.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FBFCE9FBFEA9FB49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624818" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Non-dune site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 16.
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF2BE9DFFEA9FB49" box="[181,281,1212,1236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-04-01">IV.2009,</date>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FEBBE9DFFD1BFB49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625083" box="[293,683,1212,1237]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FD96E9DFFD18FB49" box="[520,680,1212,1236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-05-12" valueMax="2009-05-14" valueMin="2009-05-12">1214.V.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FD29E9DFFC56FB49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624869" box="[695,998,1212,1237]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
16 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FCA8E9DFFC52FB49" box="[822,994,1212,1236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-06-23" valueMax="2009-06-25" valueMin="2009-06-23">2325.VI.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FC6CE9DFFAACFB49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625201" box="[1010,1308,1212,1237]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
4 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FBFDE9DFFAA9FB49" box="[1123,1305,1212,1236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-21" valueMax="2009-07-23" valueMin="2009-07-21">2123.VII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FAB6E9DFFEF7FB65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625393" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
29 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF09E983FEF3FB65" box="[151,323,1248,1272]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-09-18" valueMax="2009-09-23" valueMin="2009-09-18">1823.IX.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FECEE983FD18FB65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625034" box="[336,680,1248,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
2 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FE25E983FDEDFB65" box="[443,605,1248,1272]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-10-16" valueMax="2009-10-17" valueMin="2009-10-16">1617.X.2009</date>
, NFB,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FD2CE983FBD5FB65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624396" box="[690,1125,1248,1273]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FC82E983FC0EFB65" box="[796,958,1248,1272]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-10-29" valueMax="2009-10-31" valueMin="2009-10-29">2931.X.2009</date>
, NFB &amp; SDB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FBECE983FE96FA81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625262" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Non-dune site 4: 1 ♀, PT, 23.
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF29E867FE96FA81" box="[183,294,1284,1308]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2008-07-01">VII.2008,</date>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FEAFE867FD5BFA80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625344" box="[305,747,1284,1309]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FE3EE867FD8FFA81" box="[416,575,1284,1308]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-06-08" valueMax="2009-06-15" valueMin="2009-06-08">815.VI.2009</date>
, NFB &amp; DAT,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FD68E867FBA5FA81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625112" box="[758,1045,1284,1309]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
8 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FCFBE867FBA1FA81" box="[869,1041,1284,1308]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-06-23" valueMax="2009-06-25" valueMin="2009-06-23">2325.VI.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FBBEE867FA9CFA81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624822" box="[1056,1324,1284,1309]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FB11E867FA99FA81" box="[1167,1321,1284,1308]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-06" valueMax="2009-07-08" valueMin="2009-07-06">68.VII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FAA6E867FEE0FADD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625331" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
8 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF09E84BFEFCFADD" box="[151,332,1320,1344]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-21" valueMax="2009-07-23" valueMin="2009-07-21">2123.VII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FEFEE84BFD2FFADD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624392" box="[352,671,1320,1345]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
3 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FE43E84BFD2BFADD" box="[477,667,1320,1344]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-08-17" valueMax="2009-08-19" valueMin="2009-08-17">1719.VIII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FD31E84BFB83FADD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624943" box="[687,1075,1320,1345]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
20 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FCA7E84BFC55FADD" box="[825,997,1320,1344]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-09-18" valueMax="2009-09-23" valueMin="2009-09-18">1823.IX.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FBD8E84BFE8AFAF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624785" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF09E82FFE86FAF9" box="[151,310,1356,1380]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-05-26" valueMax="2009-05-28" valueMin="2009-05-26">2628.V.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FEDFE82FFDE4FAF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624879" box="[321,596,1356,1381]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FE3AE82FFDE0FAF9" box="[420,592,1356,1380]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-06-23" valueMax="2009-06-25" valueMin="2009-06-23">2325.VI.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FDC5E82FFCC7FAF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625200" box="[603,887,1356,1381]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FD20E82FFCC3FAF9" box="[702,883,1356,1380]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-21" valueMax="2009-07-23" valueMin="2009-07-21">2123.VII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FCE0E82FFB62FAF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624961" box="[894,1234,1356,1381]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
2 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FC7FE82FFB3CFAF9" box="[993,1164,1356,1380]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-09-18" valueMax="2009-09-23" valueMin="2009-09-18">1823.IX.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FB43E82FFE44FA15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624439" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Sand dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FE94E813FE19FA15" box="[266,425,1392,1416]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-05-12" valueMax="2009-05-14" valueMin="2009-05-12">1214.V.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FD9AE813FBE3FA15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625113" box="[516,1107,1392,1417]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FCCDE813FBB9FA15" box="[851,1033,1392,1416]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-21" valueMax="2009-07-23" valueMin="2009-07-21">2123.VII.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FBFAE813FEF7FA31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625316" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FF09E8F7FEF3FA31" box="[151,323,1428,1452]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-06-23" valueMax="2009-06-25" valueMin="2009-06-23">2325.VI.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FECFE8F7FDC5FA31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744624777" box="[337,629,1428,1453]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
1 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FE22E8F7FDC2FA31" box="[444,626,1428,1452]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07-21" valueMax="2009-07-23" valueMin="2009-07-21">2123.VII.2009</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FDE1E8F7FC6EFA31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625472" box="[639,990,1428,1453]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
4 ♂, LT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FD75E8F7FC26FA31" box="[747,918,1428,1452]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-09-18" valueMax="2009-09-23" valueMin="2009-09-18">1823.IX.2009</date>
, NFB
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B403CAE1628FF89FC72E8F7FE9DFA4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744625441" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Mesquite site 1: 1 ♀, PT,
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FA84E8F7FA27FA31" box="[1306,1431,1428,1452]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2008-07-08">8.VII.2008</date>
, NFB &amp; DAT.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF59E8BFFB7EFA69" box="[199,1230,1500,1525]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF59E8BFFB7EFA69" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" box="[199,1230,1500,1525]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF59E8BFFED0FA68" bold="true" box="[199,352,1500,1525]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33F76631628FF89FEF9E8BFFE2FFA69" box="[359,415,1500,1524]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">USA</collectingCountry>
(Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New
<collectingCountry id="F33F76631628FF89FC64E8BFFBE0FA69" box="[1018,1104,1500,1524]" name="Mexico" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Utah).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF59EB63FD78F9A1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF59EB63FD78F9A1" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF59EB63FE9BF984" bold="true" box="[199,299,1536,1561]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Activity.</emphasis>
Males were active from mid-spring through mid-autumn (May through October). Two females were collected, one in
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FEC8EB47FE74F9A1" box="[342,452,1572,1596]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-07">July 2009</date>
and one in
<date id="FF9610331628FF89FDD9EB47FD74F9A1" box="[583,708,1572,1596]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2009-04">April 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33265781628FF89FF59EB2AFBCCF870" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF59EB2AFAE6F889" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FF59EB2AFE8BF9FC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1609,1633]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FEDCEB2AFDD0F9FC" box="[322,608,1609,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FEDCEB2AFDD0F9FC" box="[322,608,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sphaeropthalma mendica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected significantly more often in non-sand dune habitats than in sand dune habitats (U=24, p=0.02). Three female and
<specimenCount id="9D2EFD7A1628FF89FD6CEB0FFCE9F919" box="[754,857,1644,1668]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">122 male</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FCFEEB0EFC6BF918" box="[864,987,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FCFEEB0EFC6BF918" box="[864,987,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. mendica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected in April and July via pitfall trapping, and males were collected from May through October via light trapping. One hundred fifty-seven females and
<specimenCount id="9D2EFD7A1628FF89FC52EBD7FB80F951" box="[972,1072,1716,1740]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">58 males</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FBC8EBD6FB61F950" box="[1110,1233,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAE11628FF89FBC8EBD6FB61F950" box="[1110,1233,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. mendica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found at the NTS (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FF44EBBBFE35F96D" author="Ferguson, W. E." box="[218,389,1752,1776]" firstAuthor="Ferguson" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University Science Bulletin" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 26" part="8" refId="ref57776" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 8 (4), 1 - 26." title="Male Sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site" type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FE0EEBBBFDABF96D" author="Allred, D. M." box="[400,539,1752,1776]" firstAuthor="Allred" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="179 - 182" part="23" refId="ref56899" refString="Allred, D. M. (1973) Additional records of mutillid wasps from the Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Naturalist, 33 (3), 156 - 162. Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of New Parasitic Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 179 - 182." title="Additional records of mutillid wasps from the Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Naturalist, 33 (3), 156 - 162. Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of New Parasitic Hymenoptera" type="journal article" year="1973">Allred 1973</bibRefCitation>
). The female specimens were collected from April through November via pitfall trapping and the males were collected from July through August via pitfall, light trapping and net collecting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF59EA43FEB4F839" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
There is a wide array of integumental coloration in this species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B021628FF89FC00EA43FB3BF8A5" author="Wilson, J. S. &amp; Pitts. J. P." box="[926,1163,1824,1848]" firstAuthor="Wilson" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="360 - 375" part="101" refId="ref59418" refString="Wilson, J. S. &amp; Pitts. J. P. (2010) Phylogeography of the nocturnal velvet ant genus Dilophotopsis (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae): enhancing our understanding of diversification in the Nearctic desert biota. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 360 - 375." title="Phylogeography of the nocturnal velvet ant genus Dilophotopsis (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae): enhancing our understanding of diversification in the Nearctic desert biota" type="journal article" year="2010">Wilson &amp; Pitts 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens range from nearly black integument to a more reddish-brown color characteristic of most nocturnal velvet ants. Female integumental coloration has a range similar to the males. At AMNWR, only the reddish-brown color form was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736F31628FF89FF59EAD2FBCCF870" blockId="32.[151,1436,600,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
For this study we have designated a
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FDFCEAD3FD79F855" box="[610,713,1968,1992]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
from the available
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FC3BEAD2FBBBF854" box="[933,1035,1969,1993]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. We selected the
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FB50EAD3FA84F855" box="[1230,1332,1968,1992]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
from the only specimen available. The label data are as follows [Nev.] [
<typeStatus id="549388511628FF89FCD1EAB5FC3AF873" box="[847,906,2006,2030]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
no. 4551] [
<taxonomicName id="4C284D701628FF89FB94EAB6FBC2F870" box="[1034,1138,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">mendica</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>