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<document id="D1C471253D95967142E159A4A79E3246" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a1158fd-fb5d-4b37-b0dd-f41849c3326a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242084" ID-ZooBank="81B9E14F-DCC5-47C4-8BB1-637D80C01ECA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461246520734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicacio, Gilberto &amp; Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2015" docId="0381878FFFFD9914FF08FD3E75A0E34C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03981p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3981 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="FFB8FFF7FFF89913FF9FFFCB7414E011" masterDocTitle="Biodiversity of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillina) from northeast Brazil: new species and notes on systematics" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="220" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1698606569087" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E5AF6D487B66421730CC6AB8447F27AC">Biodiversity of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillina) from northeast Brazil: new species and notes on systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1ADEB87135D057C3C8C7D7683FFED8FC">Nicacio, Gilberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CAE3FB16045749CE2E8004C243F17565">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="929F18606661699B0FB522FC2863AF23">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0381878FFFFD9914FF08FD3E75A0E34C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119634979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381878FFFFD9914FF08FD3E75A0E34C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381878FFFFD9914FF08FD3E75A0E34C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFD9916FF08FD3E7017E367" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF08FD3E7765E31E" blockId="5.[151,881,757,816]" box="[151,881,757,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="D0DF81F5FFFD9916FF08FD3E7765E31E" bold="true" box="[151,881,757,783]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF08FD3E7765E31E" bold="true" box="[151,881,757,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFD9916FF08FD3E7639E31E" box="[151,557,757,783]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF08FD3E7639E31E" bold="true" box="[151,557,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ezcurra de Drago, 1974)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF08FCDC7513E321" blockId="5.[151,881,757,816]" box="[151,263,791,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
(
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FF01FCDC74EAE321" box="[158,254,791,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Figure 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF08FCAA7017E367" blockId="5.[151,1436,864,1039]" box="[151,1027,864,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFD9916FF08FCAA7617E367" authority="Ezcurra" authorityName="Ezcurra" box="[151,515,864,886]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF08FCAA75BBE367" box="[151,431,864,886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Corvomeyenia heterosclera</emphasis>
Ezcurra
</taxonomicName>
de Drago, 1974a: 233; Volkmer-Ribeiro 1981: 89.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFD9916FF08FCB57676E41E" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF08FCB5758CE3E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,864,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3811B7FFFD9916FF08FCB5758CE3E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFD9916FF08FCB57770E385" authority="Volkmer-Ribeiro et al. 1998b: 273" authorityName="Volkmer-Ribeiro et al." authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,868,894,917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF08FCB575FBE385" box="[151,495,894,916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera</emphasis>
, Volkmer-Ribeiro
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FD2EFC4B76F2E385" box="[689,742,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
1998b: 273
</taxonomicName>
, Volkmer-Ribeiro
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FBBCFC4B704CE385" box="[1059,1112,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
1999: 644,
<treatmentCitation id="0A891088FFFD9916FB4AFCB57572E3A2" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" page="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FB4AFCB5752AE3A2" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; Pauls, S. M. (2000) Esponjas de agua dulce (Porifera, Demospongiae) de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 20 (1), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2000">Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp; Pauls 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 14
</treatmentCitation>
, Ezcurra de Drago 2004: 20,
<treatmentCitation id="0A891088FFFD9916FD3AFC567016E3A2" author="Manconi" box="[677,1026,925,947]" page="3237" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FD3AFC5677D4E3A2" author="Manconi" box="[677,960,925,947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Manconi, R. &amp; Pronzato, R. (2005) Freshwater sponges of the West Indies: Discovery of Spongillidae (Haplosclerida, Spongillina) from Cuba with biogeographic notes and a checklist for the Caribbean area. Journal of Natural History, 39 (36), 3235 - 3253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500307327" type="journal article" year="2005">Manconi &amp; Pronzato 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 3237
</treatmentCitation>
, Volkmer-Ribeiro 2007: 119, Volkmer-
<treatmentCitation id="0A891088FFFD9916FF58FC77761FE3C3" author="Ribeiro" box="[199,523,956,978]" page="158" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FF58FC7775C2E3C3" author="Ribeiro" box="[199,470,956,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; Machado, V. S. (2007) Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) indicators of some coastal habitats in South America: Redescriptions and key to identification. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 97 (2), 157 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212007000200005" type="journal article" year="2007">Ribeiro &amp; Machado 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 158
</treatmentCitation>
, Amaral
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FDF2FC7676B0E3C3" box="[621,676,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 158, Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp; Machado 2008: 239,
<treatmentCitation id="0A891088FFFD9916FB4BFC777580E3E1" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" page="338" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FB4BFC777575E3E1" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; Machado, V. S. (2009) Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) in a benthic filter feeding community at the Guanacaste Dry Forest, Costa Rica. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 99, 335 - 344. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212009000400001" type="journal article" year="2009">Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp; Machado 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 338
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF08FC317676E41E" blockId="5.[151,1436,864,1039]" box="[151,610,1017,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
For other synonyms see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FE11FC327649E41E" box="[398,605,1017,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. S., Moraes. F., Klautau, M., Menegola, C., Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Rio de Janeiro. Serie Livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 299 pp." type="book">
Muricy
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FE40FC317607E41E" box="[479,531,1017,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFD9916FF08FBF7705FE734" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF08FBF77519E541" blockId="5.[151,1437,1084,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF08FBF7757EE444" bold="true" box="[151,362,1084,1109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Material studied.</emphasis>
UFPEPOR1095, 1096 (
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FD13FBF676C9E445" box="[652,733,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">in part</emphasis>
), Capibaribe River, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FF08FB9474CAE469" box="[151,222,1119,1144]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FF73FBAB756BE469" box="[236,383,1120,1144]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-8.0465">08°02'47,4''S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FE16FB947633E469" box="[393,551,1119,1144]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-34.994972">34°59'41,9''W</geoCoordinate>
, coll. G. Nicacio,
<date id="FF961059FFFD9916FD65FBAB777AE469" box="[762,878,1120,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" value="2009-10-24">24.x.2009</date>
. UFPEPOR975, 981, 982, 983, coll. G. Nicacio,
<date id="FF961059FFFD9916FF08FB4F750DE48C" box="[151,281,1156,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" value="2009-12-12">12.xii.2009</date>
, UFPEPOR1347, 1349, coll. U. Pinheiro,
<date id="FF961059FFFD9916FC8DFB4F7797E48D" box="[786,899,1156,1180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" value="2012-05-23">23.v.2012</date>
, Pirangi River, Jaqueira, Pernambuco,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FACEFB4F718CE48C" box="[1361,1432,1156,1181]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FF08FB6C753FE4D1" box="[151,299,1191,1216]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-8.748055">08°44'53,0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FEDEFB6C75F5E4D1" box="[321,481,1191,1216]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-35.814194">35°48'51,1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
. UFPEPOR1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, Sirinhaém River, Cortês, Pernambuco,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FEABFB07756FE4F4" box="[308,379,1228,1253]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FE15FB077619E4F4" box="[394,525,1228,1253]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-8.501805">08º30'6,5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FD87FB0776A0E4F4" box="[536,692,1228,1253]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-35.524612">35º31'28,6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, coll. G. Nicacio,
<date id="FF961059FFFD9916FC16FB0777E9E4F4" box="[905,1021,1228,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" value="2011-02-06">06.ii.2011</date>
. UFPEPOR1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, Pajeú River, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FD51FB247701E519" box="[718,789,1263,1288]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FCB9FB247786E519" box="[806,914,1263,1288]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="15" value="-7.9686112">07º58'7''S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FC00FB24702FE519" box="[927,1083,1263,1288]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-38.32322">38º19'23,6''W</geoCoordinate>
, coll. G. Nicacio,
<date id="FF961059FFFD9916FA88FB24718DE519" box="[1303,1433,1263,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" value="2011-07-17">17.vii.2011</date>
. UFPEPOR1299, Pajeú River, Floresta, Pernambuco,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FC8AFADF7748E53C" box="[789,860,1300,1325]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FCEFFADF7014E53C" box="[880,1024,1300,1325]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-8.606444">08º36'23,2''S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFD9916FB8FFADF70BFE53D" box="[1040,1195,1300,1324]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" precision="1" value="-38.572693">38º34'21,7''W</geoCoordinate>
, coll. L.R.C. Lima,
<date id="FF961059FFFD9916FF08FAF3751DE541" box="[151,265,1336,1360]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" value="2011-10-10">10.x.2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9916FF58FA97705FE734" blockId="5.[151,1437,1084,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF58FA9775D0E564" bold="true" box="[199,452,1372,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">General morphology.</emphasis>
Encrusting sponges, circular, thin or thick. Ranging from
<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFD9916FBD1FA9770AAE564" box="[1102,1214,1372,1397]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 50cm</quantity>
in diameter and
<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFD9916FAE6FA9774F0E589" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 3cm</quantity>
of thickness. The colour is green when found in areas exposed to sunlight or white in sciaphilous habitatd. Surface hispid. Megascleres oxea (204-364/9-18µm), straight or slightly bent, sparsely microspined at middle of shaft (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FF42FA0C7536E5F1" box="[221,290,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a). Microscleres pseudo-birotules of two
<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFD9916FD6DFA037724E5F1" box="[754,816,1480,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">types</typeStatus>
, very variable in shape and shaft size: one tiny slender (sometimes erroneously reported as “isochela”) with straight, smooth or spiny shaft (12–42µm), rotules deeply cut with irregular number of minute hooks, curved towards the shaft (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FC15F9C477DBE639" box="[906,975,1551,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
b,c). The other are spiny oxeas (33–108/ 3µm), with larger spines at middle of shaft, often at edge some spines may present as hooks forming microrotules (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FF00F99C74F0E661" box="[159,228,1623,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
d). Gemmuloscleres predominantly straight birotules (52–78/3–6µm), with remarkable variation in length, width, rotules almost flat (18–24µm), borders regularly cut in small to hook-like teeth, shaft with abundant, large, sharp, regular, straight spines (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FE67F9547629E6A9" box="[504,573,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
e). In addition, rare small birotules (57–69/3µm) with slender smooth shaft with uncut rotules (9–18µm) (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FE62F90F7650E6CC" box="[509,580,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
e-l). Gemmules are hemispherical (460–520µm), often abundant at basal portion and also scattered in the sponge body (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FD38F92C76FEE711" box="[679,746,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFD9916FD43F92C76FEE711" box="[732,746,1767,1792]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="5.0">5</quantity>
</figureCitation>
m). Gemmular theca with well-developed pneumatic layer of spongin fibres (without chambers) and gemmuloscleres radially embedded (
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFD9916FC75F8C77039E734" box="[1002,1069,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1398,337,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m, n) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 50 µm; b— 5 µm; c, d— 10 µm; (e – l) — 20 µm; m, n— 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
n).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFD9915FF58F8E47177E10C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFD9915FF58F8E47177E10C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1084,2009]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FF58F8E4764EE759" bold="true" box="[199,602,1839,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Distribution and ecological notes.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FDFDF8E476B2E759" box="[610,678,1839,1864]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FD28F8E47785E759" author="Muricy" box="[695,913,1839,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. S., Moraes. F., Klautau, M., Menegola, C., Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Rio de Janeiro. Serie Livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFD9916FC8BF8FA7759E759" box="[788,845,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FC39F8E47002E759" box="[934,1046,1839,1864]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a, 2004),
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FF08F89F7505E77C" box="[151,273,1876,1901]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FEBFF89F76ACE77D" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[288,696,1876,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; Machado, V. S. (2009) Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) in a benthic filter feeding community at the Guanacaste Dry Forest, Costa Rica. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 99, 335 - 344. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212009000400001" type="journal article" year="2009">Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp; Machado, 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FD53F89F7738E77D" box="[716,812,1876,1900]" name="Curaçao" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFD9916FCA7F89F77BFE77C" box="[824,939,1876,1901]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="225">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FC25F89F7131E77D" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[954,1317,1876,1901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; Pauls, S. M. (2000) Esponjas de agua dulce (Porifera, Demospongiae) de Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 20 (1), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2000">Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp; Pauls, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Debrot &amp; Van
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FF52F8B37543E781" author="Soest" box="[205,343,1912,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Debrot, A. O. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2001) First record of the freshwater sponges Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera and Spongilla alba from Curacao, with species descriptions and data from transplantation experiments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37, 88 - 97." type="journal article" year="2001">Soest, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FEF8F8BC76BCE781" author="Manconi" box="[359,680,1911,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Manconi, R. &amp; Pronzato, R. (2005) Freshwater sponges of the West Indies: Discovery of Spongillidae (Haplosclerida, Spongillina) from Cuba with biogeographic notes and a checklist for the Caribbean area. Journal of Natural History, 39 (36), 3235 - 3253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500307327" type="journal article" year="2005">Manconi &amp; Pronzato, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FD28F8BC7043E781" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[695,1111,1911,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; Machado, V. S. (2007) Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) indicators of some coastal habitats in South America: Redescriptions and key to identification. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 97 (2), 157 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212007000200005" type="journal article" year="2007">Volkmer-Ribeiro &amp; Machado, 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens were found on rocky substrates in shallow running waters. The green colour is due to symbiosis with green algae, which is common in freshwater sponges when they grow exposed to sunlight (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFD9916FC37F80B7075E7C9" author="Wilkinson" box="[936,1121,1984,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="225" refString="Wilkinson, C. R. (1980) Nutrient translocation from green algal symbionts to the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis. Hydrobiologia, 75 (3), 241 - 250." type="journal article" year="1980">Wilkinson 1980</bibRefCitation>
). The thick specimens were found only in sites polluted by waste from sugar cane field in the Sirinhaém River. This may be because that is a favourable habitat for the growth of these sponges since it has a suitable source of organic matter and bacteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFE9915FF01FF14752BE0E9" author="Reiswig" box="[158,319,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" refString="Reiswig, H. M. (1975) Bacteria as food for temperate-water marine sponges. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53 (5), 582 - 589. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 75 - 072" type="journal article" year="1975">Reiswig 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Other specimens were found in wadis in the semi-arid Caatinga region, in which a large number of gemmules were often found and even isolated massive groups of gemmules were collected from the riverbed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF576611FFFE9915FF08F94E7518E6C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242089/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" targetBox="[188,1398,337,1647]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFE9915FF08F94E7518E6C8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1669,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FF08F94E750CE68A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1669,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FEBAF94E7696E68A" box="[293,642,1669,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FEBAF94E7696E68A" box="[293,642,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (a) megasclere; (b) microsclere pseudobirotules small; (c-d) microsclere pseudobirotule large; (e-l) gemmuloscleres; (m,n) gemmules. Scale bars: a—50µm; b—5µm; c, d—10µm; (e–l)—20µm; m, n—100µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFE9914FF58F8CE75A0E34C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFE9915FF58F8CE7757E7E7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1797,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FF58F8CE752FE70F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1797,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FEDBF8CE763AE70F" box="[324,558,1797,1822]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FEDBF8CE763AE70F" box="[324,558,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvoheteromeyenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus restricted to the Neotropical region with records from Central to South
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFE9915FF40F8E27556E753" box="[223,322,1833,1858]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">America</collectingCountry>
, where two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FDB7F8E176BFE753" box="[552,683,1833,1858]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FDB7F8E176BFE753" box="[552,683,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFE9915FC29F8E17057E753" author="Drago" box="[950,1091,1833,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" refString="Bonetto, A. A. &amp; Ezcurra de Drago, I. D. (1966) Nuevos aportes al conocimiento de las esponjas Argentinas. Physis, 26 (71), 129 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Drago, 1966</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FB1DF8E17139E753" box="[1154,1325,1833,1858]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FB1DF8E17139E753" box="[1154,1325,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">C. heterosclera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are so far known from
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFE9915FEB5F8867588E777" box="[298,412,1869,1894]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFE9915FE36F88675E4E777" box="[425,496,1869,1894]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFE9915FE62F885766CE777" box="[509,632,1869,1894]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFE9915FD2EF886773CE777" box="[689,808,1869,1894]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. Some issues still concern about the taxonomy of these species.
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FE9BF8BA75FAE79B" box="[260,494,1905,1930]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FE9BF8BA75FAE79B" box="[260,494,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvoheteromeyenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected to assign these species, originally ascribed as members of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FF08F85D752EE7BC" box="[151,314,1942,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FF08F85D752EE7BC" box="[151,314,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvomeyenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Microscleres pseudo-birotules and gemmuloscleres birotules present in
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FB13F85D7188E7BF" box="[1164,1436,1941,1966]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FB13F85D7188E7BF" box="[1164,1436,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvomeyenia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FF50F871761AE7C3" box="[207,526,1977,2002]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FF50F871761AE7C3" box="[207,526,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvomeyenia heterosclera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were the main subsequently revised morphotraits and these species were transferred to
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFE9915FEABF816760AE7E7" box="[308,542,2013,2038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Corvoheteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="226" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFE9915FEABF816760AE7E7" box="[308,542,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="226">Corvoheteromeyenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ezcurra de Drago 1979).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58FF5C70E7E209" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
According to the original description,
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FD1EFF537712E0A1" box="[641,774,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FD1EFF537712E0A1" box="[641,774,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from small specimens, but these were not housed in any collection and are unavailable for study and comparison (personal communication, Inés Ezcurra de Drago). Furthermore, the author emended the original description later when new features about microscleres length and shape were added to the description of species. When the author compared specimens of the original description to those in the emended description, remarkable differences were noted in gemmuloscleres—such as the number of shaft spines and variability in the shape of rotules. Thus, the authors established that it could not be stated that there were two
<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FE5AFEBB7614E199" box="[453,512,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">types</typeStatus>
of gemmuloscleres according to the species’ original description, and that a new species should be erected (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974a). However, in spite of these issues about the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FA1DFE5E7570E1DE" authority="Ezcurra" authorityName="Ezcurra" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FA1DFE5E74EDE1C1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">C. australis</emphasis>
, Ezcurra
</taxonomicName>
de Drago (1974a) described
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FD56FE73776FE1C1" box="[713,891,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FD56FE73776FE1C1" box="[713,891,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">C. heterosclera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species for the genus based on its gemmuloscleres, from material collected on northeast
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FC99FE17775EE1E4" box="[774,842,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FCC3FE1777D2E1E4" box="[860,966,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
MNHNM 22) and Corrientes,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FAB2FE177188E1E4" box="[1325,1436,476,501]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FF01FDCB7519E209" box="[158,269,512,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
in MACN and INALI), but these specimens are still not available for study and revision.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58FDEE75A0E34C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
In this study, we compared a large number of specimens from material studied with the previous descriptions of both species of this genus (Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFF9914FD66FD837797E271" author="Drago" box="[761,899,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" refString="Bonetto, A. A. &amp; Ezcurra de Drago, I. D. (1966) Nuevos aportes al conocimiento de las esponjas Argentinas. Physis, 26 (71), 129 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Drago 1966</bibRefCitation>
, Ezcurra de Drago 1974a,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFFF9914FB26FD83718CE271" author="Tavares" box="[1209,1432,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" refString="Tavares, M. C. M., Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. &amp; De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (2003) Primeiro registro de Corvoheteromeyenia australis (Bonetto &amp; Ezcurra de Drago) para o Brazil com chave taxonomica para os poriferos do Parque Estadual Delta do Jacui, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20 (2), 169 - 182. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752003000200001" type="journal article" year="2003">
Tavares
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FA86FD827140E271" box="[1305,1364,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, Debrot &amp; van
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,
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,
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Machado
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FBA3FDA6706CE294" box="[1084,1144,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
2012
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). On this basis we concluded that there are some problems in the taxonomy of this species, where we could not see a clear differentiation between
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FE34FD7E7626E2DC" box="[427,562,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FE34FD7E7626E2DC" box="[427,562,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FDEEFD7E7735E2DC" box="[625,801,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Corvomeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heterosclera">
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FDEEFD7E7735E2DC" box="[625,801,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">C. heterosclera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on gemmuloscleres as proposed in the original description. Considerable variation in size and shape of the gemmuloscleres were observed in all specimens. These issues should be resolved with additional records and redescriptions of these species from the Neotropical Region. A detailed study of material from original localities of these species is required, thus additional efforts are needed to elucidate this problem.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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