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<document id="F8F6B58CB522B6E21BC4749ED52F2720" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.663" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a7c4049-6179-47df-8537-a81f307a7dc2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3890442" ID-ZooBank="78E7049C-F592-4D01-9D15-C7715119B584" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1591910064537" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Tenorio, Manuel J., Abalde, Samuel, Pardos-Blas, José R. &amp; Zardoya, Rafael" docDate="2020" docId="AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-663_tenoria_abalde_pardos-blas.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 663 (663)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Varioconus franciscanus Tenorio &amp; Abalde &amp; Pardos-Blas &amp; Cmim 2020, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="520110163059FF86FFF7FF98FFFF091D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1733342609484" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="052CAF710B29C21390D718EA31532DBA">Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61504B55E12AA4248B1B4C0654E26631">Tenorio, Manuel J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="86142FE48FF8C91EBEEEA720ADBF9C1E">Departamento CMIM y Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Facultad de Ciencias, Torre Norte, 1 ª Planta, Universidad de Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DA3F31191F99017AC8912D85AD24BDA" type="email">manuel.tenorio@uca.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F756DB0EE6DE847F79F733B0A903045D">Abalde, Samuel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D61E818998B1C97F1721E0A360CA09FD" type="LSID">C72D4F45-19A1-4554-9504-42D1705C85A3</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="278C5CE6935EABE155405B1578146934">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C6EAC363B569EA2DBBBB6D293572569" type="email">saabalde@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C8D211068B2112FE0FDB7DF0AF246061">Pardos-Blas, José R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31ED977AF9932D724CDEAE45147816DA">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. &amp; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9EED92B281300193168E7370F078F3EE" type="email">joserrapblas@gmail.com&amp;rafaz@mncn.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B8273C69CA21A154B201625E16B678EF">Zardoya, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="25CAE6DE3D56E8C6A592FCFC07719F74">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B4C571AE74E63B68A32264447EA23F30">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3E5477B336766346AA151158D59D6F47">
<mods:date id="19ED4E2F79DCEDECFBD3DF17D91B8456">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248303144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Conidae">
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301BFFC4FE6FFA48FB640CF7" box="[408,1179,1487,1514]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="7D666E14301BFFC4FE6FFA48FB640CF7" box="[408,1179,1487,1514]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301BFFC4FE6FFA48FBED0CF7" ID-CoL="7TKTX" authority="(Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792)" authorityName="Tenorio &amp; Abalde &amp; Pardos-Blas &amp; Cmim" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[408,1042,1487,1514]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FE6FFA48FD3A0CF4" bold="true" box="[408,709,1487,1514]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Varioconus franciscanus</emphasis>
(Hwass
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FCDBFA48FCBC0CF4" box="[812,835,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301BFFC4FCBDFA57FBF50CF7" author="Bruguiere" box="[842,1034,1487,1514]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="586 - 757" refId="ref41827" refString="Bruguiere J. G. 1792. Cone. In: Encyclopedie methodique: Histoire naturelle des Vers 1: 586 - 757. Panckouke, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49857" type="journal article" year="1792">Bruguière, 1792</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FD6B811301BFFC4FBEDFA57FB640CF7" box="[1050,1179,1487,1514]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301BFFC4FD2EFA6BFCA40F10" box="[729,859,1523,1549]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FD2EFA6BFCA40F10" blockId="66.[408,1179,1487,1549]" box="[729,859,1523,1549]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD301BFFC4FD2EFA6BFCD60F10" box="[729,809,1523,1549]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[189,232,1507,1533]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 10 (opposite page). A. Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844, neotype, 39.3 mm (NBC). B. Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996,paratype,60 mm(F.Gubbiolicoll.,Marbella, Spain).C. Monteiroconustabidus (Reeve, 1844), 33.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78864). D. Conus belairensis Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 36.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-32668). E. Varioconus bruguieresi (Kiener, 1846) comb. nov., 32.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78497). F. Varioconus cloveri (Walls, 1978) comb. nov., 23.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78457). G. Varioconus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975b) comb. nov., 22.0. mm (MNCN 15.05/90430). H. Conus franciscanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 56.6 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52625). I. Varioconus franciscanus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 53.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78491). J. Varioconus franciscanus f. hybridus (Kiener, 1847), 40.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78427). K. Conus guanche Lauer, 1993, holotype, 34.0 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2553). L. Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 43.0 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52638). M. Varioconus guinaicus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 50.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78443). N. Lautoconus wolof Petuch &amp; Berschauer, 2018, holotype, 21.1 mm (MNHN IM-2000-34015). O. Conus pineaui Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 28.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2528). P. Conus dorotheae Monnier &amp; Limpalaër, 2010, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNHN IM-2009-8702). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3890460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3890460/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
H–J
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301BFFC4FF4AF9ADFCF50FAE" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF4AF9ADFCDD0F53" blockId="66.[189,872,1588,1650]" box="[189,802,1588,1615]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0681FE56301BFFC4FF4AF9ADFCDD0F53" box="[189,802,1588,1615]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitation id="A730FF69301BFFC4FF4AF9ADFCE10F53" author="Bruguiere J. G." box="[189,798,1588,1615]" page="698" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="1792">
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301BFFC4FF4AF9ADFCE10F53" ID-CoL="7QSY8" authority="Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792: 698" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityPageNumber="698" authorityYear="1792" box="[189,798,1588,1615]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FF4AF9ADFE5A0F53" box="[189,421,1588,1615]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Conus franciscanus</emphasis>
Hwass
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FDF5F9ADFDE60F53" box="[514,537,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301BFFC4FDD7F9ACFCE10F53" author="Bruguiere" box="[544,798,1588,1614]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" page="698" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="586 - 757" refId="ref41827" refString="Bruguiere J. G. 1792. Cone. In: Encyclopedie methodique: Histoire naturelle des Vers 1: 586 - 757. Panckouke, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49857" type="journal article" year="1792">Bruguière, 1792: 698</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF4AF9C0FC970F6F" blockId="66.[189,872,1588,1650]" box="[189,872,1623,1650]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0681FE56301BFFC4FF4AF9C0FC970F6F" box="[189,872,1623,1650]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitation id="A730FF69301BFFC4FF4AF9C0FDAB0F6F" box="[189,596,1623,1650]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301BFFC4FF4AF9C0FDAB0F6F" ID-CoL="7QSF5" authority="Kiener, 1847: 256" authorityName="Kiener" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,596,1623,1650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FF4AF9C0FE890F6C" box="[189,374,1623,1650]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Conus hybridus</emphasis>
Kiener, 1847: 256
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 83, fig. 1.
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FD0BF9C0FC970F6F" bold="true" box="[764,872,1624,1650]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF4AF901FCF50FAE" blockId="66.[189,778,1689,1716]" box="[189,778,1689,1716]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0681FE56301BFFC4FF4AF901FCF50FAE" box="[189,778,1689,1716]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301BFFC4FF4AF901FE890FAE" ID-CoL="7QSF5" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,374,1689,1715]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FF4AF901FE890FAE" box="[189,374,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Conus hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="A730FF69301BFFC4FE64F901FD4B0FA9" author="Monteiro A. &amp; Tenorio M. J. &amp; Poppe G. T." box="[403,692,1689,1716]" page="52" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301BFFC4FE64F901FD4B0FA9" author="Monteiro" box="[403,692,1689,1716]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Monteiro" page="52" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref45336" refString="Monteiro A., Tenorio M. J. &amp; Poppe G. T. 2004. A Conchological Iconography; The Family Conidae: the West African and Mediterranean Species of Conus. ConchBooks, Hackenheim." type="book" year="2004">
Monteiro
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FDFFF902FDBC0FAE" box="[520,579,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 52
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 39.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301BFFC5FF4AF942FD3D0871" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF4AF942FE540FE9" blockId="66.[189,427,1754,1780]" box="[189,427,1754,1780]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="7D666E14301BFFC4FF4AF942FE540FE9" bold="true" box="[189,427,1754,1780]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FF4AF942FE540FE9" bold="true" box="[189,427,1754,1780]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF1DF891FE990E3E" blockId="66.[189,872,1801,1863]" box="[234,358,1801,1827]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FF1DF891FE990E3E" bold="true" box="[234,358,1801,1827]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="F92A67DA301BFFC4FF1DF891FE990E3E" box="[234,358,1801,1827]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF4AF8B4FC970E5B" blockId="66.[189,872,1801,1863]" box="[189,872,1836,1863]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation id="96F9D325301BFFC4FF4AF8B4FC970E5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681478" box="[189,872,1836,1863]" location="AFRICA" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="MHNG-MOLL-52625" specimenCount="1">
“
<location id="234E8FA3301BFFC4FF30F8B4FEC60E5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61:234E8FA3301BFFC4FF30F8B4FEC60E5B" box="[199,313,1836,1862]" name="AFRICA" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">AFRICA</location>
” •
<quantity id="E169749D301BFFC4FEABF8B4FE380E5A" box="[348,455,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.66" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="56.6">56.6 mm</quantity>
;
<specimenCode id="76377103301BFFC4FE24F8B4FD220E5A" box="[467,733,1836,1863]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">MHNG-MOLL-52625</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD301BFFC4FD1AF8B4FCA50E5B" box="[749,858,1836,1862]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[189,232,1507,1533]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 10 (opposite page). A. Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844, neotype, 39.3 mm (NBC). B. Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996,paratype,60 mm(F.Gubbiolicoll.,Marbella, Spain).C. Monteiroconustabidus (Reeve, 1844), 33.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78864). D. Conus belairensis Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 36.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-32668). E. Varioconus bruguieresi (Kiener, 1846) comb. nov., 32.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78497). F. Varioconus cloveri (Walls, 1978) comb. nov., 23.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78457). G. Varioconus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975b) comb. nov., 22.0. mm (MNCN 15.05/90430). H. Conus franciscanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 56.6 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52625). I. Varioconus franciscanus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 53.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78491). J. Varioconus franciscanus f. hybridus (Kiener, 1847), 40.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78427). K. Conus guanche Lauer, 1993, holotype, 34.0 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2553). L. Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 43.0 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52638). M. Varioconus guinaicus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 50.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78443). N. Lautoconus wolof Petuch &amp; Berschauer, 2018, holotype, 21.1 mm (MNHN IM-2000-34015). O. Conus pineaui Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 28.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2528). P. Conus dorotheae Monnier &amp; Limpalaër, 2010, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNHN IM-2009-8702). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3890460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3890460/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC4FF1DF8F5FE590E9A" blockId="66.[189,1399,1901,1999]" box="[234,422,1901,1927]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301BFFC4FF1DF8F5FE590E9A" bold="true" box="[234,422,1901,1927]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301BFFC5FF4AF809FD3D0871" blockId="66.[189,1399,1901,1999]" lastBlockId="67.[189,1399,267,365]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation id="96F9D325301BFFC4FF4AF809FBC10ED2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681307" collectingDate="2015-07-03" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Senegal" latitude="14.663889" location="Goree Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.399445" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="MNCN 15.05/79496" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar">
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E8301BFFC4FF4AF809FEBD0EB6" box="[189,322,1937,1963]" name="Senegal" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">SENEGAL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="309712F1301BFFC4FE95F809FE440EB6" box="[354,443,1937,1963]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
;
<location id="234E8FA3301BFFC4FE3DF809FD970EB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61:234E8FA3301BFFC4FE3DF809FD970EB6" box="[458,616,1937,1963]" country="Senegal" latitude="14.663889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.399445" name="Goree Island" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Dakar">Gorée Island</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="E455179A301BFFC4FD80F809FD3D0EB6" box="[631,706,1937,1963]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Dakar</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="43A5BFBF301BFFC4FD25F817FC980EB6" box="[722,871,1935,1963]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="15" seconds="50" value="14.663889">14º39ʹ50ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="43A5BFBF301BFFC4FC80F817FBED0EB6" box="[887,1042,1935,1963]" degrees="17" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-17.399445">17º23ʹ58ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="522FFFB8301BFFC4FBD5F809FB510EB6" box="[1058,1198,1936,1963]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2015-07-03">
<collectingDate id="426B0650301BFFC4FBD5F809FB510EB6" box="[1058,1198,1936,1963]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2015-07-03">3 Jul. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="408041BD301BFFC4FB49F809FAE90EB6" box="[1214,1302,1937,1963]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome:
<accessionNumber id="39C2449B301BFFC4FD42F82CFCC30ED2" box="[693,828,1972,1999]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KY801853" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">KY801853</accessionNumber>
;
<specimenCode id="76377103301BFFC4FCBEF82CFBC10ED2" box="[841,1086,1972,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">MNCN 15.05/79496</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="96F9D325301BFFC5FBADF82CFC360838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681402" collectingDate="2015-07-03" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Senegal" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" latitude="14.663889" location="Goree Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.399445" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCode="MNCN 15.05/78491" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar">
<specimenCount id="309712F1301BFFC4FBADF82CFB4E0ED3" box="[1114,1201,1972,1998]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="E169749D301BFFC4FB48F82CFAD30ED3" box="[1215,1324,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.36" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="53.6">53.6 mm</quantity>
; same collection data as for preceding;
<specimenCode id="76377103301AFFC5FDA6FE93FCB6083B" box="[593,841,267,294]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MNCN 15.05/78491</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD301AFFC5FCAAFE93FC400838" box="[861,959,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[189,232,1507,1533]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 10 (opposite page). A. Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844, neotype, 39.3 mm (NBC). B. Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996,paratype,60 mm(F.Gubbiolicoll.,Marbella, Spain).C. Monteiroconustabidus (Reeve, 1844), 33.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78864). D. Conus belairensis Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 36.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-32668). E. Varioconus bruguieresi (Kiener, 1846) comb. nov., 32.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78497). F. Varioconus cloveri (Walls, 1978) comb. nov., 23.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78457). G. Varioconus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975b) comb. nov., 22.0. mm (MNCN 15.05/90430). H. Conus franciscanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 56.6 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52625). I. Varioconus franciscanus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 53.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78491). J. Varioconus franciscanus f. hybridus (Kiener, 1847), 40.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78427). K. Conus guanche Lauer, 1993, holotype, 34.0 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2553). L. Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 43.0 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52638). M. Varioconus guinaicus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 50.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78443). N. Lautoconus wolof Petuch &amp; Berschauer, 2018, holotype, 21.1 mm (MNHN IM-2000-34015). O. Conus pineaui Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 28.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2528). P. Conus dorotheae Monnier &amp; Limpalaër, 2010, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNHN IM-2009-8702). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3890460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3890460/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Fig.
<date id="522FFFB8301AFFC5FC6FFE93FC400838" box="[920,959,267,293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2010-01">10I</date>
</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="96F9D325301AFFC5FC1DFE93FD410871" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681344" collectingDate="2015-07-01" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Senegal" latitude="14.751667" location="NGor" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.500834" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCode="MNCN 15.05/78427" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar">
<specimenCount id="309712F1301AFFC5FC1DFE93FBBD083B" box="[1002,1090,267,294]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 40.0 mm;
<collectingRegion id="E455179A301AFFC5FB25FE93FAE30838" box="[1234,1308,267,293]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dakar</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="234E8FA3301AFFC5FADCFE93FA8D0838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E301BFFC5FE6FFA48FC0C0C61:234E8FA3301AFFC5FADCFE93FA8D0838" box="[1323,1394,267,293]" country="Senegal" latitude="14.751667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.500834" name="NGor" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Dakar">NGor</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="43A5BFBF301AFFC5FF4AFEB5FEB70854" box="[189,328,301,329]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="15" seconds="6" value="14.751667">14º45ʹ6ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="43A5BFBF301AFFC5FEABFEB5FE130854" box="[348,492,301,329]" degrees="17" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-17.500834">17º30ʹ3ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="522FFFB8301AFFC5FDF7FEB7FD6A0854" box="[512,661,302,329]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-07-01">
<collectingDate id="426B0650301AFFC5FDF7FEB7FD6A0854" box="[512,661,302,329]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-07-01">1 Jul. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="408041BD301AFFC5FD5EFEB7FCFE0854" box="[681,769,303,329]" collectionName="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome:
<accessionNumber id="39C2449B301AFFC5FF4AFECAFEBB0871" box="[189,324,338,364]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KY801863" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">KY801863</accessionNumber>
;
<specimenCode id="76377103301AFFC5FEB8FECAFDBD0870" box="[335,578,338,365]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MNCN 15.05/78427</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD301AFFC5FDA5FECAFD4A0871" box="[594,693,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="64.[189,232,1507,1533]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 10 (opposite page). A. Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844, neotype, 39.3 mm (NBC). B. Conus bellocqae van Rossum, 1996,paratype,60 mm(F.Gubbiolicoll.,Marbella, Spain).C. Monteiroconustabidus (Reeve, 1844), 33.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78864). D. Conus belairensis Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 36.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-32668). E. Varioconus bruguieresi (Kiener, 1846) comb. nov., 32.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78497). F. Varioconus cloveri (Walls, 1978) comb. nov., 23.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78457). G. Varioconus echinophilus (Petuch, 1975b) comb. nov., 22.0. mm (MNCN 15.05/90430). H. Conus franciscanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 56.6 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52625). I. Varioconus franciscanus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 53.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/78491). J. Varioconus franciscanus f. hybridus (Kiener, 1847), 40.0 mm (MNCN 15.05/78427). K. Conus guanche Lauer, 1993, holotype, 34.0 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2553). L. Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, lectotype, 43.0 mm (MHNG-MOLL-52638). M. Varioconus guinaicus (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) comb. nov., 50.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/78443). N. Lautoconus wolof Petuch &amp; Berschauer, 2018, holotype, 21.1 mm (MNHN IM-2000-34015). O. Conus pineaui Pin &amp; Leung Tack in Pin, 1989, holotype, 28.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000-2528). P. Conus dorotheae Monnier &amp; Limpalaër, 2010, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNHN IM-2009-8702). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3890460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3890460/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301AFFC5FF4AFE0BFE4F08C1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="262ED978301AFFC5FF4AFE0BFDFD08B0" blockId="67.[189,514,403,429]" box="[189,514,403,429]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="7D666E14301AFFC5FF4AFE0BFDFD08B0" bold="true" box="[189,514,403,429]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FF4AFE0BFDFD08B0" bold="true" box="[189,514,403,429]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301AFFC5FF4AFE5AFE4F08C1" blockId="67.[189,432,450,476]" box="[189,432,450,476]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<collectingRegion id="E455179A301AFFC5FF4AFE5AFEFA08C1" box="[189,261,450,476]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dakar</collectingRegion>
area,
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E8301AFFC5FEBCFE5AFE5308C1" box="[331,428,450,476]" name="Senegal" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Senegal</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301AFFC5FF4AFD9BFD960B51" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="262ED978301AFFC5FF4AFD9BFD650B00" blockId="67.[189,666,515,541]" box="[189,666,515,541]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="7D666E14301AFFC5FF4AFD9BFD650B00" bold="true" box="[189,666,515,541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FF4AFD9BFD650B00" bold="true" box="[189,666,515,541]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Conservation status in IUCN Red List</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301AFFC5FF4AFDAAFD960B51" blockId="67.[189,617,562,588]" box="[189,617,562,588]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Endangered (evaluated as
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FE05FDAAFDA60B51" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1847" box="[498,601,562,588]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FE05FDAAFDA60B51" box="[498,601,562,588]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF3301AFFC5FF4AFDEBFC0C0C61" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="262ED978301AFFC5FF4AFDEBFED00B90" blockId="67.[189,303,627,653]" box="[189,303,627,653]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="7D666E14301AFFC5FF4AFDEBFED00B90" bold="true" box="[189,303,627,653]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FF4AFDEBFED00B90" bold="true" box="[189,303,627,653]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED978301AFFC5FF4AFD3AFC0C0C61" blockId="67.[189,1399,674,1404]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
The
<typeStatus id="F92A67DA301AFFC5FF05FD3AFEA10BA1" box="[242,350,674,700]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of the taxon
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FE01FD3AFBE90BA1" authority="Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[502,1046,674,700]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FE01FD3AFD210BA1" box="[502,734,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Conus franciscanus</emphasis>
Hwass
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FCCDFD3BFCAE0BA1" box="[826,849,675,700]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FCAFFD3AFBE90BA1" author="Bruguiere" box="[856,1046,674,700]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="586 - 757" refId="ref41827" refString="Bruguiere J. G. 1792. Cone. In: Encyclopedie methodique: Histoire naturelle des Vers 1: 586 - 757. Panckouke, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49857" type="journal article" year="1792">Bruguière, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FB31FD3AFAA30BA0" author="Kohn" box="[1222,1372,674,701]" firstAuthor="Kohn" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="431 - 503" refId="ref44267" refString="Kohn A. J. 1968. Type specimens and identity of the described species of Conus. IV: the species described by Hwass, Bruguiere and Olivi in 1792. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 47 (313): 431 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1968. tb 00550 b. x" type="journal article" year="1968">Kohn (1968)</bibRefCitation>
is at the MNHG. It measures
<quantity id="E169749D301AFFC5FE09FD5DFD980BC2" box="[510,615,709,736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.66" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="56.6">56.6 mm</quantity>
(stated
<quantity id="E169749D301AFFC5FD32FD5DFCE70BC2" box="[709,792,709,736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
in
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FCC8FD5DFC380BFD" author="Kohn" box="[831,967,709,736]" firstAuthor="Kohn" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="431 - 503" refId="ref44267" refString="Kohn A. J. 1968. Type specimens and identity of the described species of Conus. IV: the species described by Hwass, Bruguiere and Olivi in 1792. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 47 (313): 431 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1968. tb 00550 b. x" type="journal article" year="1968">Kohn 1968</bibRefCitation>
). It has been a controversial species, and several authors have synonymized this name either with
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FC6CFD71FEFE0A38" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FC6CFD71FB8A0A1F" box="[923,1141,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Conus ventricosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FB88FD70FADD0A1F" author="Gmelin" box="[1151,1314,744,770]" firstAuthor="Gmelin" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref43865" refString="Gmelin J. F. 1791. Caroli a Linne. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 13 th Ed. Vol. 1. Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer, Leipzig [Lipsiae]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36932" type="book" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FAC4FD70FF060A38" author="Kohn" firstAuthor="Kohn" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref44401" refString="Kohn A. J. 1992. A Chronological Taxonomy of Conus, 1758 - 1840. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., USA." type="book" year="1992">Kohn 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FEDAFC94FCC80A38" authority="Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[301,823,779,806]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FEDAFC94FE0B0A38" box="[301,500,780,806]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Conus guinaicus</emphasis>
Hwass
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FDA1FC94FD920A38" box="[598,621,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FD81FC93FCC80A38" author="Bruguiere" box="[630,823,779,805]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="586 - 757" refId="ref41827" refString="Bruguiere J. G. 1792. Cone. In: Encyclopedie methodique: Histoire naturelle des Vers 1: 586 - 757. Panckouke, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49857" type="journal article" year="1792">Bruguière, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FCBEFC93FC1A0A38" author="Rockel" box="[841,997,779,805]" firstAuthor="Rockel" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="21 - 22" refId="ref46839" refString="Rockel D. 1989. Brown cones from the Mediterranean and West Africa. La Conchiglia: International Shell Magazine 238 - 241: 21 - 22." type="journal article" year="1989">Röckel 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FC03FC94FB700A38" author="Lauer" box="[1012,1167,779,806]" firstAuthor="Lauer" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="115 - 127" refId="ref44733" refString="Lauer J. M. 1993 b. Conus cacao Ferrario, 1983, taxonomical and systematic context (Mollusca: Prosobranchia: Conidae). Apex 8 (3): 115 - 127. Available from http: // www. vliz. be / imisdocs / publications / 294973. pdf [accessed 29 Mar. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Lauer 1993b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FB6AFC93FACC0A38" author="Filmer" box="[1181,1331,779,805]" firstAuthor="Filmer" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref43560" refString="Filmer R. M. 2011. Nomenclature and Taxonomy in Living Conidae, 1 st Ed. Available from http: // www. theconecollector. com / filmer / index. html [accessed 29 Mar. 2020]." type="url" year="2011">Filmer 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The homonym name
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FE78FCB7FDDA0A54" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[399,549,815,841]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FE78FCB7FDDA0A54" box="[399,549,815,841]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">franciscanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FDCCFCB6FC5B0A54" authority="Hwass" authorityName="Hwass" box="[571,932,814,841]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="variety" variety="mediterraneus">
variety
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FD6BFCB6FCBA0A55" box="[668,837,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">mediterraneus</emphasis>
Hwass
</taxonomicName>
) Philippi, 1836 applicable to a color form of
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FED7FCCBFE590A71" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[288,422,851,876]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FED7FCCBFE590A71" box="[288,422,851,876]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">ventricosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further contributed to increase the confusion. The type locality (“Africa”) and the size and general appearance of the
<typeStatus id="F92A67DA301AFFC5FD98FCEDFD240A92" box="[623,731,885,911]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FCFDFCEDFC5F0A92" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[778,928,885,911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FCFDFCEDFC5F0A92" box="[778,928,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">franciscanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more consistent with a
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FB0CFCEEFA920A92" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[1275,1389,886,911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FB0CFCEEFA920A92" box="[1275,1389,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- like species than with the Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FD4BFC01FC990AAF" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[700,870,921,946]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FD4BFC01FC990AAF" box="[700,870,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">L. ventricosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this sense, we agree with the opinions of
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FF17FC23FE740AC8" author="Rockel" box="[224,395,955,981]" firstAuthor="Rockel" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="21 - 22" refId="ref46839" refString="Rockel D. 1989. Brown cones from the Mediterranean and West Africa. La Conchiglia: International Shell Magazine 238 - 241: 21 - 22." type="journal article" year="1989">Röckel (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FE3DFC24FD860ACB" author="Lauer" box="[458,633,955,982]" firstAuthor="Lauer" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="115 - 127" refId="ref44733" refString="Lauer J. M. 1993 b. Conus cacao Ferrario, 1983, taxonomical and systematic context (Mollusca: Prosobranchia: Conidae). Apex 8 (3): 115 - 127. Available from http: // www. vliz. be / imisdocs / publications / 294973. pdf [accessed 29 Mar. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Lauer (1993b)</bibRefCitation>
, also followed by
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FCACFC23FBFF0AC8" author="Filmer" box="[859,1024,955,981]" firstAuthor="Filmer" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref43560" refString="Filmer R. M. 2011. Nomenclature and Taxonomy in Living Conidae, 1 st Ed. Available from http: // www. theconecollector. com / filmer / index. html [accessed 29 Mar. 2020]." type="url" year="2011">Filmer (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FBC8FC23FA8C0AC8" author="Tucker &amp; Tenorio" box="[1087,1395,955,981]" firstAuthor="Tucker" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref48220" refString="Tucker J. K. &amp; Tenorio M. J. 2013. Illustrated Catalog of the Living Cone Shells. MdM Publishing, Wellington, Florida, USA." type="book" year="2013">Tucker &amp; Tenorio (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens matching the
<typeStatus id="F92A67DA301AFFC5FE1BFC46FDA70AE5" box="[492,600,990,1016]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FD73FC47FCC50AE4" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[644,826,991,1017]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FD73FC47FCC50AE4" box="[644,826,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. franciscanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively abundant around
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E8301AFFC5FB4BFC47FAA90AE5" box="[1212,1366,990,1017]" name="Goree Island" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Gorée Island</collectingCountry>
in Dakar. These uniform dark brown shells with a white central band had provisionally been assigned to the taxon
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FEF1FBBEFE690D22" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[262,406,1062,1087]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FEF1FBBEFE690D22" box="[262,406,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite being lighter and more elongated than the typical form of the latter species (
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FF32FBD0FE390D7F" author="Monteiro" box="[197,454,1096,1122]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Monteiro" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref45336" refString="Monteiro A., Tenorio M. J. &amp; Poppe G. T. 2004. A Conchological Iconography; The Family Conidae: the West African and Mediterranean Species of Conus. ConchBooks, Hackenheim." type="book" year="2004">
Monteiro
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FEC9FBD1FE830D7F" box="[318,380,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). We examined the mitogenome of one of such dark
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FBBDFBD1FB430D7F" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[1098,1212,1097,1122]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FBBDFBD1FB430D7F" box="[1098,1212,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens from
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E8301AFFC5FF0BFBF3FE6A0D98" box="[252,405,1131,1157]" name="Goree Island" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Gorée Island</collectingCountry>
. It showed almost no sequence divergence with a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FB90FBF4FB160D98" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1847" box="[1127,1257,1131,1157]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FB90FBF4FB160D98" box="[1127,1257,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from NGor. This result was confirmed by sequencing of the universal
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FC87FB17FC570DB4" box="[880,936,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">cox1</emphasis>
gene fragment (
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FB9BFB16FAB20DB4" author="Folmer" box="[1132,1357,1166,1193]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Folmer" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="294 - 299" refId="ref43660" refString="Folmer O., Black M., Hoeh W., Lutz R. &amp; Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294 - 299." type="journal article" year="1994">
Folmer
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FB3CFB17FAF70DB5" box="[1227,1288,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
) of additional
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FECEFB2BFE540DD1" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[313,427,1203,1228]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FECEFB2BFE540DD1" box="[313,427,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens from
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E8301AFFC5FD5FFB2AFCC10DD1" box="[680,830,1202,1228]" name="Goree Island" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Gorée Island</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FCBBFB2AFBC70DD0" author="Abalde" box="[844,1080,1202,1229]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abalde" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="79 - 87" refId="ref40895" refString="Abalde S., Tenorio M. J., Afonso C. M. L. &amp; Zardoya R. 2017 b. Mitogenomic phylogeny of cone snails endemic to Senegal. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 112: 79 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2017.04.020" type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="b">
Abalde
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FC5EFB2BFC1C0DD1" box="[937,995,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2017b
</bibRefCitation>
). Typical
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FB5EFB2BFAC80DD1" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[1193,1335,1203,1228]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FB5EFB2BFAC80DD1" box="[1193,1335,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Popenguine are recovered as the sister clade. These results indicate that the
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FBBCFB4EFB420DF2" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[1099,1213,1238,1263]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FBBCFB4EFB420DF2" box="[1099,1213,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens from
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E8301AFFC5FF09FB60FE670C0F" box="[254,408,1272,1298]" name="Goree Island" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Gorée Island</collectingCountry>
, representatives of the taxon
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FD18FB61FC5C0C0F" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[751,931,1272,1298]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FD18FB61FC5C0C0F" box="[751,931,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. franciscanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are essentially identical to
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FB1CFB61FA900C0F" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1847" box="[1259,1391,1272,1298]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FB1CFB61FA900C0F" box="[1259,1391,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and different from typical
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FE05FA84FD7E0C28" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[498,641,1308,1333]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guinaicus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FE05FA84FD7E0C28" box="[498,641,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">V. guinaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If we assume the conspecificity of the taxa
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FB7CFA83FE640C44" authority="Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FB7CFA83FADE0C28" box="[1163,1313,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">franciscanus</emphasis>
Hwass
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FF4AFAA7FF2B0C45" box="[189,212,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A489301AFFC5FF2CFAA6FE640C44" author="Bruguiere" box="[219,411,1342,1369]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="586 - 757" refId="ref41827" refString="Bruguiere J. G. 1792. Cone. In: Encyclopedie methodique: Histoire naturelle des Vers 1: 586 - 757. Panckouke, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49857" type="journal article" year="1792">Bruguière, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FE23FAA6FD220C44" authority="Kiener, 1847" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1847" box="[468,733,1342,1369]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FE23FAA6FDC40C45" box="[468,571,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">hybridus</emphasis>
Kiener, 1847
</taxonomicName>
, then the latter becomes a junior synonym to represent a form of
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB301AFFC5FEEAFAFAFE4C0C61" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[285,435,1378,1404]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscanus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A301AFFC5FEEAFAFAFE4C0C61" box="[285,435,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">franciscanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which stands as the senior name for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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