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<mods:title id="285B404CFAC997E05CCF65C82F3EE3B6">Revision of the New World genus Quichuana Knab, 1913 (Diptera: Syrphidae), including descriptions of 24 new species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="B1B475FC1042FFE5ABB27C7598C81883" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5ABB27C7598D31B64" blockId="42.[245,697,1344,1398]" box="[245,697,1376,1398]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<heading id="A259911B1042FFE5ABB27C7598D31B64" box="[245,697,1376,1398]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" reason="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D9BE01591042FFE5ABB27C7598D31B64" box="[245,697,1376,1398]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<treatmentCitation id="780F00661042FFE5ABB27C7598D31B64" author="Hull FM" box="[245,697,1376,1398]" page="5" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" year="1946">
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5ABB27C7598D31B64" ID-CoL="4R6P4" authority="HULL, 1946: 5" authorityName="Hull, Cotype" authorityYear="1946" box="[245,697,1376,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5ABB27C75986D1B66" box="[245,519,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">QUICHUANA SIMONETTA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D3F5B861042FFE5A9567C7598D31B64" author="Hull FM" box="[529,697,1376,1398]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref46526" refString="Hull FM. 1946. The genus Quichuana Knab. American Museum Novitates 1317: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1946">HULL, 1946: 5</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5ABE37C9398C81883" blockId="42.[164,779,1415,1682]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="9D3F5B861042FFE5AA127C939B8C1B8F" author="Hull FM" box="[341,486,1415,1437]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref46526" refString="Hull FM. 1946. The genus Quichuana Knab. American Museum Novitates 1317: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1946">Hull (1946)</bibRefCitation>
, the type material of this species consists of
<specimenCount id="EFA8EDFE1042FFE5AA847CB2980C1BAE" box="[451,614,1446,1468]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
, the
<typeStatus id="261598D51042FFE5A9ED7CB299611BAE" box="[682,779,1446,1468]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
plus
<specimenCount id="EFA8EDFE1042FFE5AB987CD19BED1BC8" box="[223,391,1477,1498]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
, all of them from Huanoabamba (misspelled as Huanoabama in the original description),
<collectingCountry id="81B966E71042FFE5ABAD7F169B491805" box="[234,291,1538,1559]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="3E568B921042FFE5AA757F159BEF1805" box="[306,389,1537,1559]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
<bibRefCitation id="9D3F5B861042FFE5AA8B7F15983A1805" author="Hull FM" box="[460,592,1537,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref46526" refString="Hull FM. 1946. The genus Quichuana Knab. American Museum Novitates 1317: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1946">Hull (1946)</bibRefCitation>
states that
<specimenCount id="EFA8EDFE1042FFE5A9A47F169B601827" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
and the
<typeStatus id="261598D51042FFE5AAC97F349B851824" box="[398,495,1568,1590]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
were returned to the VMNH, whereas the other
<typeStatus id="261598D51042FFE5AAA57F2B98221846" box="[482,584,1599,1620]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
was retained by him. We studied images of the
<typeStatus id="261598D51042FFE5A9517F4A98161861" box="[534,636,1630,1651]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
retained by Hull, which is in the collection of the CNC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1B475FC1042FFE5ABE37FAE9E43197C" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5ABE37FAE9BEA18DC" blockId="42.[164,384,1721,1743]" box="[164,384,1721,1743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5ABE37FAE9BEA18DC" box="[164,384,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Diagnostic features</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5ABE37FCA9A9218E6" blockId="42.[164,779,1758,1903]" box="[164,248,1758,1780]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Female</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5ABE37FE99EEC1CB5" blockId="42.[164,779,1758,1903]" lastBlockId="42.[826,1441,198,679]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<bibRefCitation id="9D3F5B861042FFE5ABE37FE99B471901" author="Hull FM" box="[164,301,1789,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref46526" refString="Hull FM. 1946. The genus Quichuana Knab. American Museum Novitates 1317: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1946">Hull (1946)</bibRefCitation>
provides a detailed description of this species, and illustrates the head in lateral and frontal views in figures 3 and 7, respectively. On the basis of the images examined: the face is shiny black with light-yellow hairs, and has a central and two lateral stripes outlined with white pollinosity (the lateral stripes do not reach the mouth edge); basoflagellomere is black, slightly concave ventrally, elongate; bf = 2.3 (in the original description is stated that the third [antennal] segment is nearly two and a half times as long as wide); medial pollinose stripes on the scutum are faintly visible (state uncertain because of the poor condition of the
<typeStatus id="261598D51042FFE5AF1978AF9EAE1FC2" box="[1118,1220,443,464]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
examined); femora extensively black, except for the dark-red apex of the metafemur; basal half of the meso- and metatibia dark red; at least metabasotarsomere dark red dorsally; wings conspicuously dark-brown pigmented on most of the anterior half; terga IIII are nearly parallel sided, and tergum I has a moustache arrangement of golden yellow hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7BF199191CE9" blockId="42.[826,945,741,794]" box="[826,883,741,763]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Male</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7A1099DB1D08" blockId="42.[826,945,741,794]" box="[826,945,772,794]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7A4C9E781D7F" blockId="42.[826,1442,856,1061]" box="[826,1042,856,877]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A87D7A4C9E781D7F" box="[826,1042,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7A639EB91A37" blockId="42.[826,1442,856,1061]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A87D7A6399CD1D9E" box="[826,935,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<typeStatus id="261598D51042FFE5A87D7A6399CA1D9E" box="[826,928,887,908]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
1f,
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A8AA7A629FCB1D99" authority="Hull, Cotype" authorityName="Hull, Cotype" authorityYear="1946" box="[1005,1441,886,908]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A8AA7A629E851D9E" box="[1005,1263,886,908]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Quichuana simonetta</emphasis>
Hull, Cotype
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A87D7A829F0A1DB8" authority="Hull, Huanoabamba, C." authorityName="Hull, Huanoabamba, C." box="[826,1376,917,939]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A87D7A8299C31DB9" box="[826,937,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">simonetta</emphasis>
Hull, Huanoabamba, C.
<collectingCountry id="81B966E71042FFE5AF817A819E951DB8" box="[1222,1279,917,938]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="3E568B921042FFE5AE4C7A819F0A1DB8" box="[1291,1376,917,939]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
, Coll. Fassl, CNC
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A8807AA79E751DDB" box="[967,1055,947,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
46338 (CNC). The specimen was examined on the basis of five images made by J. Skevington: dorsal overall view, two lateral overall views and two anterior views of the face.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7D7099E81A6B" blockId="42.[826,898,1124,1175]" box="[826,898,1124,1145]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A87D7D7099E81A6B" box="[826,898,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Range</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7D9699121A85" blockId="42.[826,898,1124,1175]" box="[826,888,1154,1175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<collectingCountry id="81B966E71042FFE5A87D7D96991E1A85" box="[826,884,1154,1175]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7DC399921AFE" blockId="42.[826,1441,1239,1903]" box="[826,1016,1239,1260]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A87D7DC399921AFE" box="[826,1016,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Taxonomic notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A87D7DE19EC31BD0" blockId="42.[826,1441,1239,1903]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="9D3F5B861042FFE5A89F7DE19E0B1B19" author="Hull FM" box="[984,1121,1269,1291]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref46526" refString="Hull FM. 1946. The genus Quichuana Knab. American Museum Novitates 1317: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1946">Hull (1946)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AF367DE19F6A1B18" box="[1137,1280,1269,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AF367DE19F6A1B18" box="[1137,1280,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. simonetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a medium size species (
<quantity id="3E568B921042FFE5A8987C009E461B3B" box="[991,1068,1300,1321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
) with abdomen broader than usual in
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A8E87C269E441B55" box="[943,1070,1330,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A8E87C269E441B55" box="[943,1070,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Quichuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the basis of the images examined, this is an exaggeration under the definitions of abdomen width used here (see Material and methods). Thus,
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AF4F7C9A9EF21BB1" box="[1032,1176,1422,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AF4F7C9A9EF21BB1" box="[1032,1176,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. simonetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fits into the group of species with slender abdomens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F91126771042FFE5A8147CDF9E43197C" blockId="42.[826,1441,1239,1903]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">
<bibRefCitation id="9D3F5B861042FFE5A8147CDF99B01BF3" author="Hull FM" box="[851,986,1483,1505]" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref46526" refString="Hull FM. 1946. The genus Quichuana Knab. American Museum Novitates 1317: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1946">Hull (1946)</bibRefCitation>
states that
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AF357CDF9F681BF3" box="[1138,1282,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AF357CDF9F681BF3" box="[1138,1282,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. simonetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A87D7CFE99F61BED" authorityName="SHANNON" authorityYear="1927" box="[826,924,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knabi">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A87D7CFE99F61BED" box="[826,924,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. knabi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but, in fact, it is more similar to
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AE037CFE9902180F" authorityName="KNAB" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvicola">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AE037CFE9902180F" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. sylvicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the basis of similarities between
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AE6E7F1D9933182E" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AE6E7F1D9933182E" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. simonetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A8E77F339E49182E" authorityName="KNAB" authorityYear="1913" box="[928,1059,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvicola">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A8E77F339E49182E" box="[928,1059,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. sylvicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the former species could be a junior synonym of the latter species, which is also Peruvian. However, a lack of material, with only
<specimenCount id="EFA8EDFE1042FFE5AE3E7F7099CE188B" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
per species examined, and the following gross differences, prevent us from formally proposing this synonymy: wing with a conspicuously darkpigmented area in
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AF587FCB9EC518E6" box="[1055,1199,1759,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AF587FCB9EC518E6" box="[1055,1199,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. simonetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but almost hyaline in
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A8187FE999881900" authorityName="KNAB" authorityYear="1913" box="[863,994,1789,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvicola">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A8187FE999881900" box="[863,994,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. sylvicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; tergum IV extensively covered with light-yellow hairs in
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5AF707E089EAD1923" box="[1079,1223,1820,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonetta">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5AF707E089EAD1923" box="[1079,1223,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. simonetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with a large area covered with short, posteriorly directed, black hairs in
<taxonomicName id="3EAE5DF41042FFE5A8D87E4D9E48197C" authorityName="KNAB" authorityYear="1913" box="[927,1058,1881,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Quichuana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvicola">
<emphasis id="CBDAFA651042FFE5A8D87E4D9E48197C" box="[927,1058,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="114">Q. sylvicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>