treatments-xml/data/53/27/87/532787AB5707FF9189E97CE8FD43E77B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790416" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dfe018cb-a9a3-4189-a161-69ff8cbfbe7b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815811" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790416" ID-ZooBank="C6AA8595-6A57-4ACD-B0A1-3AE36F7C8701" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48662DAE-2362-4959-A0B2-C9339B31BB1F" checkinTime="1587970614687" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kawahara, Akito Y., Nishida, Kenji &amp; Davis, Donald R." docDate="2009" docId="532787AB5707FF9189E97CE8FD43E77B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2098.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 27 (27)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@55b80e5e" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Phyllocnistis drimiphaga Kawahara, Nishida &amp; Davis 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="48662DAE-2362-4959-A0B2-C9339B31BB1F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="AF1EFFD35702FF9B89657C04FFCAE651" masterDocTitle="Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="introduction" updateTime="1636503236732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:title>Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">AEE810A3-1680-434B-89C5-F27AF4C97C84</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kawahara@umd.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">E936E053-36E1-4087-AEBE-796C8EB59A2A</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Davis, Donald R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">FC851800-FEE2-46CF-8C55-B4A2D5EEFF66</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, NHB- 105, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, D. C., 20013 - 7012 USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-11-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.27.250</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">dfe018cb-a9a3-4189-a161-69ff8cbfbe7b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576564</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C6AA8595-6A57-4ACD-B0A1-3AE36F7C8701</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790416" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790416" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48662DAE-2362-4959-A0B2-C9339B31BB1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/532787AB5707FF9189E97CE8FD43E77B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="introduction">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,965,236,299]" box="[140,857,236,263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,857,236,263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara, Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,779,236,263]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,436,236,263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Phyllocnistis drimiphaga</emphasis>
Kawahara, Nishida &amp; Davis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[792,857,237,263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,965,236,299]" box="[140,965,272,299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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48662DAE- 
<date box="[567,627,272,299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" value="2362">2362</date>
-4959-A0B2-C9339B31BB1F
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,342,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,259,342,368]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation box="[276,364,343,369]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[139,199,584,606]" captionTargetBox="[146,1629,628,1267]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[139,1644,620,1270]" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic features of the three new Phyllocnistis species described in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FF166355706FF9F89EE7E4CFC0FE40E" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="8FF166355706FF9F89EE7E4CFC0FE40E">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[391,658,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
<emphasis box="[391,658,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Phyllocnistis drimiphaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName box="[814,952,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
<emphasis box="[814,952,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">P. maxberryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is larger and has slender, sharply angled costal fascia, V-shaped transverse fascia, three costal strigulae, and dissimilar signa. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[493,760,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
<emphasis box="[493,760,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Phyllocnistis drimiphaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName box="[912,1076,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeolicola">
<emphasis box="[912,1076,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">P. tropaeolicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having broad longitudinal fascia, genital valva that are only ̴ 1.8× the length of the vinculum, and paired signa. The pupa has curved, flattened frontal processes, which are reduced in 
<taxonomicName box="[307,443,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
<emphasis box="[307,443,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">P. maxberryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and conical in 
<taxonomicName box="[617,778,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeolicola">
<emphasis box="[617,778,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">P. tropaeolicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,342,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,695,1672]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,255,553,579]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" reason="1">Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[274,369,554,580]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[140,212,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[140,1108,165,1534]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of three new Phyllocnistis species from Costa Rica. A Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., holotype female B P. maxberryi sp. n., holotype female (abdomen removed for dissection) C P. tropaeolicola sp. n., holotype male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767915/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Forewing length 
<quantity box="[596,750,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.5 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis box="[763,824,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Head</emphasis>
. Vestiture consisting of smooth, broad, silvery-white scales that overlap anterior margin of eye. Antenna ̴ equal to length of forewing, scape and pedicel enlarged laterally and covered with lanceolate scales, a single row of fine short scales completely encircling each flagellomere. Labial palpus long, slender, ̴ 1.0 mm in length, covered with lustrous white scales. 
<emphasis box="[291,369,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Thorax</emphasis>
. Forewing silvery white; with a long pale yellowish-orange longitudinal fascia with dark-gray margins extending 2/3 length of forewing slightly diagonal from base of costa to strongly oblique, costal fascia of similar color across distal third of wing; apex of forewing with three slender, fuscous, costal strigulae; apical to subapical pale yellowish orange bordered by gray; three apical, fuscous strigulae arising from small black apical spot, and one tornal, fuscous strigula also from apical spot; ventral surface mostly dark brown. Hindwing creamy white. Legs mostly silvery white; foretibia fuscous dorsally; fore- and mid-tarsomeres lightly suffused with cream scales dorsally. 
<emphasis box="[569,684,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Length ̴ 2.0 mm, covered in long silver scales. Coremata present on segment VIII of male, consisting of a pair of elongate, inflatable tubular extensions bearing a terminal cluster of long slender scales (
<figureCitation box="[226,324,1117,1143]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1034,176,1335]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[349,519,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[539,616,1117,1143]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1034,176,1335]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A–C). Uncus absent; tegumen complex, consisting of a narrow, sclerotized dorsal arch, continuing caudally, often slightly beyond apex of valva, as an elongate, mostly membranous, basally spinose cylinder that encloses the anal tube; vinculum well developed, ̴ 0.6× length of valva, U- to V-shaped with relative narrow anterior end; valva (
<figureCitation box="[747,837,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1034,176,1335]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) relatively long, ̴1.8× length of vinculum, generally slender with a moderately broad base, very slender for most of its length, then broadening apically to form a prominent dorsal lobe and a smaller ventral lobe (
<figureCitation box="[453,545,1363,1390]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1034,176,1335]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); transtilla arising from mesal base of valva as an elongate, acute process, and continuing mesally to articulate at midline with process from opposite valva. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation box="[557,648,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1034,176,1335]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) slender, weakly sclerotized, externally finely wrinkled cylinder, ̴ equal to length of valva; cornuti absent; phallobase greatly extended as a membranous tube ̴ 1.7–2.0× length of aedeagus; terminal hood of phallobase abruptly inflated and curved at right angle to phallobase. Genitalia slide 
<collectionCode box="[260,348,1575,1601]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
33208. 
<emphasis box="[448,635,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[651,785,1575,1601]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[214,1034,176,1335]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Figs 4D, E</figureCitation>
). Oviscapt greatly reduced; posterior apophyses very short, ̴ 0.8× length of papillae anales; anterior apophyses slightly longer, ̴ 1.3× length of posterior apophyses; ostium bursae opening in membrane between sterna 7 and 8; ductus bursae completely membranous, slen- der, elongate, over 7.5× length of papillae anales and terminating near caudal fifth of corpus bursae; corpus bursae greatly enlarged, ̴ 0.7× length of ductus bursae; walls of corpus bursae membranous except for a pair of ligulate and very dissimilar signa; longest signum ̴ 3× length of shorter member and with 5 short, acute to rounded, flattened spines projecting from one side of signum; shorter signum with a single, blunt, flattened, rounded spine projecting from middle; length of spines ̴ equal to width of signa; ductus seminalis extremely slender, elongate, ̴ 2.3× length of corpus bursae and arising from anterior end of corpus bursae. Genitalia slides 
<collectionCode box="[140,228,1012,1038]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
33207, 33273.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767915/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" startId="6.[140,212,1590,1612]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,1533]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,1590,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,240,1590,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Adults of three new 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[442,550,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[442,550,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Costa Rica. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[797,816,1590,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis, 2009" authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[823,1042,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[823,1042,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">Phyllocnistis drimiphaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1049,1103,1591,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype female 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[294,311,1622,1644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis, 2009" authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[317,429,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[317,429,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">P. maxberryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[435,487,1623,1644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype female (abdomen removed for dissection) 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[977,996,1622,1644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis, 2009" authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeolicola" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="13">P. tropaeolicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[180,232,1655,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767917" box="[140,799,627,649]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767917/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" startId="7.[140,212,627,649]" targetBox="[151,1090,188,566]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,799,627,649]" box="[140,799,627,649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,238,627,649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Nomenclature of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[407,515,627,648]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[407,515,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forewing fasciae and strigulae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,695,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,253,1047,1073]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" reason="1">Larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[270,410,1047,1073]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Figs 10F, G</figureCitation>
). Mature sap-feeding larva ̴ 
<quantity box="[753,846,1046,1073]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
long, yellowish white, head capsule translucent pale brown (
<figureCitation box="[578,682,1082,1108]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
). Last instar (cocoon-spinning) larva yellowish white, head capsule yellowish white; ̴ 
<quantity box="[689,779,1117,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation box="[852,958,1117,1143]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,695,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,247,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" reason="1">Pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[265,339,1152,1179]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[140,210,1280,1302]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal view of fifth abdominal tergum G spines on fifth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on fifth abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on seventh abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[355,398,1152,1178]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">10I</figureCitation>
). Dark brown, up to ̴ 
<quantity box="[683,777,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
long, diameter ̴ 
<quantity box="[992,1104,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
. Vertex with a stout, triangular frontal process (cocoon-cutter) transversed by a pair of shorter, curved spines (
<figureCitation box="[401,470,1223,1249]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[140,210,1280,1302]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal view of fifth abdominal tergum G spines on fifth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on fifth abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on seventh abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Figs 7</figureCitation>
A–E), and single pair of long setae at base of frons (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[140,210,1280,1302]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal view of fifth abdominal tergum G spines on fifth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on fifth abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on seventh abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Dorsum of A2–A7 with a pair of curved, large spines, arranged roughly in the shape of a 
<collectionCode box="[259,279,1294,1320]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
, in between which is a concentration of smaller spines projecting posteriorly (
<figureCitation box="[197,264,1328,1355]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[140,210,1280,1302]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal view of fifth abdominal tergum G spines on fifth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on fifth abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on seventh abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Figs 7</figureCitation>
F–H); each segment with a pair of long, lateral, sensory setae (
<figureCitation box="[953,1041,1328,1355]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[140,210,1280,1302]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal view of fifth abdominal tergum G spines on fifth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on fifth abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on seventh abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
). A10 prominently furcated (
<figureCitation box="[399,543,1363,1390]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[140,210,1280,1302]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal view of fifth abdominal tergum G spines on fifth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on fifth abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on seventh abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767925/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Figs 7I, J, L</figureCitation>
), with a pair of slightly divergent acute processes from caudal apex. Pupal slide 
<collectionCode box="[478,564,1399,1425]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">
<collectionCode45 box="[478,564,1399,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">USNM</collectionCode45>
</collectionCode>
34034.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,695,1672]" lastBlockId="8.[140,1108,1469,1672]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,264,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis box="[185,259,1434,1460]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" reason="1">Types</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011006" collectingDate="2003-12-30" collectingDateMax="2004-01-27" collectingDateMin="2003-12-30" collectionCode="USNM" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2050" latitude="10.176111" location="Kenji Nishida" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-84.11139" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[272,389,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,389,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation box="[405,498,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[140,212,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[140,1108,165,1534]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of three new Phyllocnistis species from Costa Rica. A Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., holotype female B P. maxberryi sp. n., holotype female (abdomen removed for dissection) C P. tropaeolicola sp. n., holotype male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
Fig. 2 
<collectionCode box="[474,498,1434,1460]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</figureCitation>
): 
<specimenCount box="[518,533,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[556,734,1434,1460]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<potCollectionCode box="[556,652,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<collectionCode45 box="[556,652,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">COSTA</collectionCode45>
</potCollectionCode>
<potCollectionCode box="[660,734,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<collectionCode45 box="[660,734,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">RICA</collectionCode45>
</potCollectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
: Prov. 
<collectingRegion box="[811,908,1434,1460]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, 
<locationDeviation location="Vara Blanca" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<quantity box="[920,981,1434,1460]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
ENE Vara Blanca
</locationDeviation>
, 
<quantity box="[236,332,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2050.0">
<elevation box="[236,332,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2050.0">2050 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[348,493,1469,1495]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" precision="15" seconds="34" value="10.176111">10°10'34&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[509,671,1469,1495]" degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-84.11139">084°06'41&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[686,838,1469,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2004-01-27">
<collectingDate box="[686,838,1469,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2004-01-27">
<date box="[686,764,1469,1496]" day="27" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" year="1927">27 Jan</date>
<date box="[774,838,1469,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, adult emergence, 
<potCollectionCode box="[1064,1108,1470,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">IN-</potCollectionCode>
Bio-OET-ALAS transect, col./rear 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5707FF9189E97CE8FD43E77B:DE5160665705FF9C8B7A79E4FD0EE3AB" box="[543,708,1504,1530]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.176111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-84.11139" name="Kenji Nishida" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Heredia">Kenji Nishida</location>
, pupa collected 
<date box="[893,1048,1504,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2003-12-30">
<collectingDate box="[893,1048,1504,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2003-12-30">
<date box="[893,977,1504,1531]" day="30" month="12" monthName="Dec" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" year="1930">30 Dec</date>
<date box="[984,1048,1504,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2003" year="2003">2003</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, host plant 
<taxonomicName box="[212,434,1539,1565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" genus="Drimys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granadensis">
<emphasis box="[212,434,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Drimys granadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Leaf miner on underside (
<collectionCode box="[774,868,1540,1566]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011002" collectingDate="2008-09-12" collectorName="Immatures &amp; Prov. &amp; Cerro de la Muerte &amp; La Canon &amp; Genesis II Cloud Forest Preserve" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2422" latitude="9.7065" location="Cartago" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.91003" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="Cartago" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[893,1020,1539,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus box="[893,1015,1539,1565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">
<collectorName pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Immatures</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName box="[209,268,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Prov.</collectorName>
<collectingRegion box="[277,375,1575,1601]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Cartago</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName box="[388,619,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Cerro de la Muerte</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[633,754,1575,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">La Cañón</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Genesis II Cloud Forest Preserve</collectorName>
, 
<quantity box="[213,307,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4219999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2422.0">
<elevation box="[213,307,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4219999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2422.0">
<date box="[213,273,1610,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2422">2422</date>
m
</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[320,489,1610,1636]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="23.4" value="9.7065">09°42'23.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[501,674,1610,1637]" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" precision="1" seconds="36.1" value="-83.91003">83°54'36.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
: 2 sap-feeding larvae, 
<specimenCount box="[932,1017,1610,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
, 
<date pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2008-09-12">
<collectingDate pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2008-09-12">
12 Sep 
<date box="[140,204,1645,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" value="2008" year="2008">2008</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, Kenji Nishida, host 
<taxonomicName box="[456,675,1645,1671]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" genus="Drimys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granadensis">
<emphasis box="[456,675,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Drimys granadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011008" collectingDate="2004-01-26" collectingDateMax="2004-01-27" collectingDateMin="2003-12-30" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Cerro de la Muerte" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2050" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="15" latitude="10.176111" location="Paraiso del Quetzal" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-84.11139" municipality="Prov." pageId="7" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="USNM 34034, USNM 33208" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-pupa="2" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality box="[692,751,1646,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion box="[759,861,1645,1671]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">San José</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName box="[873,1104,1645,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="14">Cerro de la Muerte</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5707FF9189E97CE8FD43E77B:DE516066570AFF9389E979B9FEBAE386" box="[140,368,1469,1495]" municipality="Prov." name="Paraiso del Quetzal" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="San Jose">Paraíso del Quetzal</location>
: 
<specimenCount box="[379,475,1469,1496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCode box="[486,661,1469,1495]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">USNM 34034</specimenCode>
. 
<emphasis box="[672,751,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Adults:</emphasis>
same locality as holotype: 
<specimenCount box="[1063,1096,1469,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<date box="[140,292,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004-01-26">
<collectingDate box="[140,292,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004-01-26">
<date box="[140,218,1504,1531]" day="26" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" year="1926">26 Jan</date>
<date box="[228,292,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCode box="[306,482,1504,1530]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[306,394,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode45 box="[306,394,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode45>
</collectionCodeEnum>
33208
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011010" box="[496,894,1504,1531]" collectingDate="2004-01-26" collectingDateMax="2004-01-27" collectingDateMin="2003-12-30" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Cerro de la Muerte" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2050" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="10.176111" location="Paraiso del Quetzal" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-84.11139" municipality="Prov." pageId="8" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="USNM 33207" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[496,526,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<date box="[551,703,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004-01-26">
<collectingDate box="[551,703,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004-01-26">
26 Jan 
<date box="[639,703,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCode box="[717,894,1504,1530]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[717,805,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode45 box="[717,805,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode45>
</collectionCodeEnum>
33207
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010999" collectingDate="2004-01-28" collectionCode="INBio, UCR, USNM" country="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="USNM 33273" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[908,941,1504,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[963,993,1504,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[1018,1107,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode45 box="[1018,1107,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode45>
</collectionCodeEnum>
33273
</specimenCode>
), 
<date box="[242,393,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004-01-28">
<collectingDate box="[242,393,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004-01-28">
28 Jan 
<date box="[328,393,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<specimenCount box="[405,435,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
adult 
<typeStatus box="[520,620,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">paratype</typeStatus>
at 
<collectionCode box="[660,734,1539,1565]" country="Costa Rica" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/931n-s1te" name="National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[660,734,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">INBio</collectionCodeEnum>
</collectionCode>
and 
<collectionCodeEnum box="[795,861,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode box="[795,861,1540,1566]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15736" name="University of California" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="Herbarium">UCR</collectionCode>
</collectionCodeEnum>
, the remaining 
<typeStatus pageId="8" pageNumber="15">paratypes</typeStatus>
at 
<collectionCode box="[237,329,1575,1601]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[237,329,1575,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<collectionCode45 box="[237,329,1575,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">USNM</collectionCode45>
</collectionCodeEnum>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767919/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" startId="8.[140,211,1355,1377]" targetBox="[220,1022,194,1315]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,1355,1440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,240,1355,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis, 2009" authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[248,467,1355,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[248,467,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Phyllocnistis drimiphaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[474,528,1355,1376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, genitalia. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[632,651,1355,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
Male, ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[842,859,1355,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
right valva, mesal view 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1089,1108,1355,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
aedeagus 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,246,1387,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
female, lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[436,451,1387,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,1469,1672]" lastBlockId="9.[140,1109,167,1672]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,325,1609,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis box="[185,232,1609,1635]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" reason="1">Life</emphasis>
history
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[340,424,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Mines are narrow, long, and serpentine, with a brown median frass line (
<figureCitation box="[317,498,1645,1672]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="15">Figs 10A, C, D</figureCitation>
) covering most areas of the leaf on small leaves (&lt;
<quantity lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="16" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
) or half the area in larger leaves. Mines were found on relatively young leaves near the apex of branches, from branches close to the ground up to ̴ 
<quantity box="[879,925,202,228]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
on young trees, along shaded areas of forest trails (
<figureCitation box="[537,626,237,263]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[140,209,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 1. Habitats and larval host plants of Phyllocnistis species. A Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills region, 3000 m and below, in Cordillera de Talamanca B Volcán Barva, ALAS transect, 2000 m, in Braulio Carillo National Park C habitat of P. drimiphaga in Cerro de la Muerte, km 70 Pan-American Hwy, road to El Paraíso del Quetzal, 2700 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found D young stem shoots and leaves of Drimys granadensis of C, growing from base of the tree E flowers and leaves of D. granadensis F habitat of P. maxberryi in Cerro de la Muerte, km 95 Pan-American Hwy, trail front of La Georgina in Villa Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found Gyoung growth of Gaiadendron punctatum in front, and mature trees with yellow fruits in behind, at ALAS transect in Vara Blanca, 2000 m H habitat of P.tropaeolicola in Cerro de la Muerte, on km 95 Pan-American Hwy, near La Gegina in Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found I Tropaeolum emarginatum, details of host plants that are shown in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771671/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) or in the understory. We observed 43 of 48 mines on the abaxial side of the leaf (
<figureCitation box="[610,715,272,298]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
), and the remaining mines on the adaxial side (
<figureCitation box="[285,393,307,334]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). Most mines were singly found on a leaf; however seven of 38 mined leaves carried two mines, either two on the abaxial side or one on both sides. All but one adaxial mine began near the mid-vein and extended along it (
<figureCitation box="[931,1039,378,404]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). Mature mines are yellowish green in color (
<figureCitation box="[589,694,413,439]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). Mining on small, soft, youngleaves frequently caused the leaf margin to curl. We were unable to study the upper canopy for leaf mines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
Early stage mines were typically in the shape of a whorl (
<figureCitation box="[839,922,519,545]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Figs 10</figureCitation>
A–C). Flat, oval egg shells were found attached to the leaf surface in the middle of an early mine whorl (
<figureCitation box="[148,251,589,615]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). 
<collectionCodeEnum box="[273,291,589,615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">A</collectionCodeEnum>
pupal cocoon fold (̴ 
<quantity box="[550,642,589,616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
long), typical of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[842,974,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[842,974,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was found along leaf margins (
<figureCitation box="[365,535,624,651]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Figs 10A, H, J</figureCitation>
) both on the adaxial (
<figureCitation box="[793,899,624,650]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
) and abaxial sides (
<figureCitation box="[147,277,659,686]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Figs 10A, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
In 70 examined mines, only 20 had a live larva or pupa. Remaining mines either were empty or contained dead, early to middle stage sap-feeding larvae. Mortality of sap-feeding stages was most likely caused by desiccation after rupturing of the epidermal layer and by a cf. 
<taxonomicName box="[432,547,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Ceraphron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[432,547,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Ceraphron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[563,735,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceraphronidae</taxonomicName>
) parasitoid wasp. In some pupal folds, a pupal shell of an entedonine wasp (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[627,760,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) was found with a shrunken 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[1089,1104,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">P</collectionCodeEnum>
. drimiphaga
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupal shell. In others, cocoons of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1857" box="[649,760,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ageniaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[649,760,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Ageniaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[812,938,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
) were found in a last instar (cocoon-spinning) larval pelt (
<figureCitation box="[617,722,906,932]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
We also discovered active mines of 
<taxonomicName box="[576,681,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Marmara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[576,681,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Marmara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[732,888,941,968]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
) on the abaxial side of same host along the road to El Paraíso del Quetzal. Compared to those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<collectionCodeEnum box="[1011,1026,977,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">P</collectionCodeEnum>
. drimiphaga
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mines were much narrower, whiter, less serpentine, and were typically found near leaf margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,251,1082,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[185,246,1082,1108]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" reason="1">Host</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[258,467,1082,1108]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" genus="Drimys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granadensis">
<emphasis box="[258,467,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Drimys granadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCodeEnum box="[474,494,1082,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">L</collectionCodeEnum>
. f. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown ex Lindley" authorityYear="1830" box="[534,678,1082,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Winteraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation box="[701,791,1082,1108]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[140,209,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 1. Habitats and larval host plants of Phyllocnistis species. A Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills region, 3000 m and below, in Cordillera de Talamanca B Volcán Barva, ALAS transect, 2000 m, in Braulio Carillo National Park C habitat of P. drimiphaga in Cerro de la Muerte, km 70 Pan-American Hwy, road to El Paraíso del Quetzal, 2700 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found D young stem shoots and leaves of Drimys granadensis of C, growing from base of the tree E flowers and leaves of D. granadensis F habitat of P. maxberryi in Cerro de la Muerte, km 95 Pan-American Hwy, trail front of La Georgina in Villa Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found Gyoung growth of Gaiadendron punctatum in front, and mature trees with yellow fruits in behind, at ALAS transect in Vara Blanca, 2000 m H habitat of P.tropaeolicola in Cerro de la Muerte, on km 95 Pan-American Hwy, near La Gegina in Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found I Tropaeolum emarginatum, details of host plants that are shown in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771671/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authority="Foster &amp; Forster" authorityName="Foster &amp; Forster" box="[812,1084,1082,1108]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" genus="Drimys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[812,892,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Drimys</emphasis>
Foster &amp; Forster
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus in the family 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown ex Lindley" authorityYear="1830" box="[461,601,1117,1143]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Winteraceae</taxonomicName>
found in the New World tropics (
<bibRefCitation author="Doust AN &amp; Drinnan AN" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" pagination="321 - 331" refId="ref8793" refString="Doust AN, Drinnan AN (2004) Floral development and molecular phylogeny support the generic status of Tasmannia (Winteraceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 321 - 331." type="journal article" year="2004">Doust and Drinnan 2004</bibRefCitation>
). All other genera of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown ex Lindley" authorityYear="1830" box="[556,696,1152,1178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Winteraceae</taxonomicName>
are found in the Old World southern hemisphere with a center of diversity in Southeast Asia (
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry AH" box="[824,976,1187,1214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refId="ref8826" refString="Gentry AH (1996) A field guide to the families and genera of woody plants of northwest south America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) with supplementary notes on herbaceous taxa. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, x + 895 pp." type="book" year="1996">Gentry 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Hartshorn GS" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refId="ref8894" refString="Hartshorn GS (1983) Drimys winteri (Quiebra Muelas, Muelo, Chile Muelo, Drimys). In: Janzen DH (Ed) Natural history of Costa Rica. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, xi + 816." type="journal volume" year="1983">Hartshorn 1983</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName box="[224,434,1223,1249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" genus="Drimys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granadensis">
<emphasis box="[224,434,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Drimys granadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, commonly known as ‘chilemuelo’ or ‘quiebra muelas’, has been recorded from central 
<collectingCountry box="[451,535,1258,1284]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(̴ 
<geoCoordinate box="[562,628,1258,1284]" degrees="20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" precision="55555" value="20.0">20°N</geoCoordinate>
) south through Central America to northern 
<collectingCountry box="[188,239,1294,1320]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Peru</collectingCountry>
(̴ 
<geoCoordinate box="[285,323,1293,1320]" degrees="5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" precision="55555" value="-5.0">5°S</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Missouri Botanical Garden" box="[350,739,1293,1319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" refId="ref9192" refString="Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) Tropicos. org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from http: // www. tropicos. org / [accessed 19 April 2009]." type="url" year="2009">Missouri Botanical Garden 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Trees grow to nearly 
<quantity box="[1010,1073,1293,1320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
in height and are characterized by pepper-flavored leaves with white underside surfaces and aromatic bright, white flowers (
<figureCitation box="[549,634,1363,1390]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[140,209,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 1. Habitats and larval host plants of Phyllocnistis species. A Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills region, 3000 m and below, in Cordillera de Talamanca B Volcán Barva, ALAS transect, 2000 m, in Braulio Carillo National Park C habitat of P. drimiphaga in Cerro de la Muerte, km 70 Pan-American Hwy, road to El Paraíso del Quetzal, 2700 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found D young stem shoots and leaves of Drimys granadensis of C, growing from base of the tree E flowers and leaves of D. granadensis F habitat of P. maxberryi in Cerro de la Muerte, km 95 Pan-American Hwy, trail front of La Georgina in Villa Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found Gyoung growth of Gaiadendron punctatum in front, and mature trees with yellow fruits in behind, at ALAS transect in Vara Blanca, 2000 m H habitat of P.tropaeolicola in Cerro de la Muerte, on km 95 Pan-American Hwy, near La Gegina in Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found I Tropaeolum emarginatum, details of host plants that are shown in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771671/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), found mostly in primary forest (Alfaro- Vindas 2003). In 
<collectingCountry box="[338,463,1399,1425]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, the species has been recorded between 1100 and 
<quantity box="[1019,1107,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
elevations on both Pacific and Atlantic slopes. Large young leaves are pale green color, sized ̴ 
<quantity box="[224,339,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity box="[453,540,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
wide (
<collectionCode box="[616,662,1469,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">KN</collectionCode>
, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1109,167,1672]" lastBlockId="10.[140,1108,167,299]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,348,1504,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[185,343,1504,1530]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Known only from cloud forests above 
<quantity box="[816,909,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
in Cordillera de Talamanca and Cordillera Volcánica Central. More specifically, specimens have been collected from 
<collectingRegion box="[322,530,1575,1601]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Heredia Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity box="[546,611,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
<potCollectionCode box="[623,681,1575,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">ENE</potCollectionCode>
of Vara Blanca; 
<collectingRegion box="[888,1103,1575,1601]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">San José Province</collectingRegion>
, Cerro de la Muerte, Paraíso del Quetzal; and 
<collectingRegion box="[664,867,1610,1636]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">Cartago Province</collectingRegion>
, Cerro de la Muerte, Genesis 
<potCollectionCode box="[235,255,1646,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16">II</potCollectionCode>
Cloud Forest Preserve. In 
<date box="[559,731,1645,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="16" value="2009-02">February 2009</date>
, several additional old leaf mines were observed in Chirripó National Park along the main trail between 
<date pageId="10" pageNumber="17" value="2200" valueMax="2700">
2200 and 
<quantity box="[140,230,202,228]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
</date>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,1108,167,299]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,237,263]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[185,315,237,263]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The species name, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara &amp; Nishida &amp; Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[547,673,237,263]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
<emphasis box="[547,673,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">drimiphaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, comes the host plant genus, 
<taxonomicName box="[1020,1100,238,263]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Winteraceae" genus="Drimys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Canellales" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1020,1100,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Drimys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the Greek word 
<emphasis box="[373,437,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">phaga</emphasis>
, meaning “to eat”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>