163 lines
20 KiB
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163 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ab1eb2c-b111-4af1-8c4c-15edd0627926" ID-PMC="PMC9848744" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1106-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" ID-PubMed="36760822" ID-ZooBank="EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1106-165" checkinTime="1655840326526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Choo, Seohwi, Jeong, Man-Ki & Soh, Ho Young" docDate="2022" docId="258F09616F865798A60051002241F0BA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1106: 165-211" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1106" docPubDate="2022-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" docTitle="Krohnitta pacifica" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1732485457127" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C421126D2D43F76427493E9386A81372">
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<mods:title id="75C019A978CC98DBEEDAFF504480117E">Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7E1833F644E393A275A1CEE93CB5676">Choo, Seohwi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B0DEF1429F398B0513DE0F29C7A6F49">Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2311FF7D05AAB53B6DFC41A5F4CC1F63">Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6363BD7BAE140D884B23BDFA4DEE48F8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-3797</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FFAA2465AC2616D3AE05106BCA1F7D84">Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="818510C4CE117893851AB2D4DEE0F28C" type="email">jmgdeux@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EDD951689AE2A811CA1073E4BAF06D99">Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EDA0A80FC616B737C48FB0D5DA3615D">Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea & Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4568E5F5A5A98F2B0D9F9C86A9F978E4" type="email">hysoh@chonnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7F1FC80C94F94A593742CA0C550D5605">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1C1A93828A219C3679CBDAB69319A0BD">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="52A6CBC22C180724DA61A028A2C23901">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4FCC9E2E3D3AD94B974220B1CCBB1DDF">2022-06-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="135E019FD424CE75DAAB6F5F6E872DF9">1106</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5765C6C6A7F9AEE1B26B50D68813B7A7">165</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E75DCB4832D3C5716CED208BE5ED933F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7534E8222B7FA78A115CBA559FE8C883" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FB5BCB2CFB4CDC985D4C929762550F7B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1106-165</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="258F09616F865798A60051002241F0BA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196097671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:258F09616F865798A60051002241F0BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/258F09616F865798A60051002241F0BA" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" scope_class="Sagittoidea" scope_family="Krohnittidae" scope_order="Aphragmophora" scope_phylum="Chaetognatha">
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<subSubSection id="019E699DEAEE41919546605EBA7C6E01" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="48B47B73C37F00A5C119B0A5FDA7E493" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="EA2524250FCBAB636AA23879172CCDBD" ID-CoL="6NNPD" LSID="258F0961-6F86-5798-A600-51002241F0BA" authority="(Aida, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Aida" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Krohnitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krohnitta pacifica" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">Krohnitta pacifica (Aida, 1897)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C3903CD6EAFFBE4DDA38D7B76491403" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6A8A70C4F39A8D50938191EBF1997331" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="041E1E8A074826E43A00FBB1C243CE97" baseAuthorityName="Aida" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Krohnitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krohnitta pacifica" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">Krohnitta pacifica</taxonomicName>
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: Tokioka, 1965: 352-353 p.;
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<bibRefCitation id="0B4E530C3E472B646B5E58739057381A" author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
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<normalizedToken id="D099BDB0E9BAC0744B7EE725CCC51A6B" originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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1967
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 15-17 p., fig. 7A-E;
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<bibRefCitation id="EA2EA2A76EE00548D76B8CED4C3DC8B2" author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 29 p., fig. 40;
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<bibRefCitation id="35452B6D7225C1D694C6C6C77BC736F2" author="Kim, WR" journalOrPublisher="R" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B36" refString="Kim, WR, 1987. Taxonomical study on the chaetognaths in Korean waters. Master Thesis, University of Hanyang, Seoul, South Korea." title="Taxonomical study on the chaetognaths in Korean waters. Master Thesis, University of Hanyang, Seoul, South Korea." year="1987">Kim 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 35-36 p., plate 13;
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<bibRefCitation id="84320E5BA230E0C14FFB26250CC063D4" author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B63" refString="Park, JS, Lee, SS, Kang, YS, Lee, BD, Hun, SH, 1990. The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern waters of Korea and their relationship to the characteristics of water masses. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 23 (3): 245 - 252" title="The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern waters of Korea and their relationship to the characteristics of water masses." volume="23" year="1990">Park et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 73 p., fig. 51.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F0802FC3D58EBDEB5E3E6C4769E693A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CC6650589B425C0EDAC90DB5B3CA64CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13E30F6874CC4A08AF2E881433BE86E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<materialsCitation id="7FA918F3357ADD70D8F2652E9AFFD296" collectingDate="2020-08" country="China" elevation="60" latitude="32.490334" location="Northern East" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.49423" municipality="Sea" specimenCount="one">
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<location id="BD6F83DF7996CDE062B0C2C52A1810BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:258F09616F865798A60051002241F0BA:BD6F83DF7996CDE062B0C2C52A1810BA" country="China" latitude="32.490334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.49423" municipality="Sea" name="Northern East">Northern East</location>
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<collectingCountry id="D6F32E9E4E18C1898878DA7C3CED313B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality id="041DB2E41E7DC266294FF298733C1761">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="5EE52152576F7D24ED6B7AA489C29990" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="29.420" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.490334">32°29.420'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3B3CA928937C6EC58F7EE255505FBC69" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="29.654" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.49423">127°29.654' E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="26238BB1F010699618FDB7BAE99F9DAE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="20.0">
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<quantity id="5E2B9A0F3BCB78259CB8775ED295BD6E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="20.0">20-100 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, oblique towing with MOCNESS,
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<collectingDate id="A1FAC7CE9E6909C5A532F9D7B453A849" value="2020-08">Aug 2020</collectingDate>
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(
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<specimenCount id="8EC18EB844DDB865A24A09E95B16BA58" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="708DA6F282F88CD414461C7CC2950758" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph id="99D30BEDA5191CC11F4F417C44F46B78" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA39D8F7458870DF4710C91383DEC8D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Slender and transparent body. Small head. Grasping spines abruptly curved. One row of stout teeth arranged in fan shape. One pair of lateral fins partially rayed, forward and equidistant from caudal septum. Lateral fins positioned at anterior end, at level of caudal septum with rayed lateral fins. Caudal fin damaged. Collarette and intestinal diverticula absent. No seminal vesicle visible.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FA45FD8EE5A9A488F57D8192DB41D7E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7FDD6BCE53D0FC6F060784EB0B5A3890" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96DCFA45BAC4CBB0D1464984A8E4AF81" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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This species is found in the epipelagic zone (0-200 m depth) of the northern Indian Ocean (
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<bibRefCitation id="CD8F113EEB5E6655663CAE13B45873C3" author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="86 - 116" refId="B70" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, Nair, VR, 1991. Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 86 - 116" title="Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Pierrot-Bults and Nair 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), the Gulf of Mexico (
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<bibRefCitation id="D16FCE6DE1C65F47F08D3005920A7034" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1538532" author="Pierce, EL" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="206 - 228" refId="B67" refString="Pierce, EL, 1951. The Chaetognatha of the west coast of Florida. The Biological Bulletin 100 (3): 206 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1538532" title="The Chaetognatha of the west coast of Florida." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1538532" volume="100" year="1951">Pierce 1951</bibRefCitation>
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) and the Japanese coast (Tosa Bay, Sagami and Suruga) (
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<bibRefCitation id="50ACFD235A4154E1076F233B531575B7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108551" author="Nagasawa, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="181 - 186" refId="B55" refString="Nagasawa, S, Marumo, R, 1972. Feeding of a pelagic chaetognath, Sagitta nagae Alvarino in Suruga Bay, central Japan. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan 28 (5): 181 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108551" title="Feeding of a pelagic chaetognath, Sagitta nagae Alvarino in Suruga Bay, central Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108551" volume="28" year="1972">Nagasawa and Marumo 1972</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="65591C7723B2FCA7A53611277D625C3F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" author="Ohnishi, T" journalOrPublisher="Plankton & Benthos Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 187" refId="B59" refString="Ohnishi, T, Ueda, H, Kuroda, K, 2014. Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan. Plankton & Benthos Research 9 (3): 176 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" title="Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" volume="9" year="2014">Ohnishi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) and, in this study, it was found in the epipelagic zone (20-100 m depth) of the northern East China Sea (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="1747B00BC02AF3DCD3BA5C964749FA08" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling stations in Korean waters. Empty circles, sampling stations; filled circles, the stations where the chaetognaths were secured." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704185" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1</figureCitation>
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: station nECS03).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51EC435BCE2A17DEADF7E6AE8992A993" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="43D8DABEA77DCEA333B9B8EA80CFD04E" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D9F08809CCAB4AE901CA721D55B78F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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An inhabitant of the surface layer of the warm oceanic waters (
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<bibRefCitation id="4E307FC4373C9B51E03873DA47789E0E" author="Tokioka, T" journalOrPublisher="Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B86" refString="Tokioka, T, 1940. The chaetognath fauna of the waters of western Japan. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 12(22): e940." title="The chaetognath fauna of the waters of western Japan. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 12 (22): e 940." year="1940">Tokioka 1940</bibRefCitation>
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). Mature specimen was reported to be 6-8 mm in length (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB07CA16F3EA9F243B574087CB57320C" author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
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<normalizedToken id="92F189EDB9AE2D975A9351C5BA5D7009" originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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1967
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The temperature range in the sampling stations of this study was 18.49-28.84 °C and salinity range was 30.71-34.59 psu.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AAB3B7D6FEDB63F9BA64FA5BD6FF4C0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="98943EE78DC730BB809803DC2262212A" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0D5BE4C9CFBBAFC53819266201D9BE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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Only immature individuals could be collected in this study. The specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="D9D82A77C1FDE76C0D228AD93FCAA2F7" class="Sagittoidea" family="Pterosagittidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. pacifica" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis id="E408089CFB04EF1F24E3163A03A073FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">K. pacifica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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we observed had one pair of fins and the structure of the fin was rayed, except for the base part close to the body. These were distinct characteristics of
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<taxonomicName id="0CFA57EC95ECDF46EEC9C5A7E2471E7D" class="Sagittoidea" family="Pterosagittidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. pacifica" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis id="5FC14E58D53F3940A02397EEF87A0DE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">K. pacifica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that differentiated it from
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<taxonomicName id="9BB51E294142A60BE347D40980BF0592" class="Sagittoidea" family="Pterosagittidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">
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<emphasis id="1124E24CC20E999AF7A5140FA9BE3F4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">K. subtilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. Since seminal vesicles were not observed in all observed Korean specimens, they were classified as immature stage (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="80D3AE3AEB72EF1FB7A6EB199A11CA9B" author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0555E6CB4541E9320DCC98F035AEC887" originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
|
1967
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |