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<document id="13E247D958C5B1D65BE45D9F1CC9696B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4154.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4154.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2b00120c-7a1a-4682-953c-c986155da6b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272151" ID-ZooBank="1FAB3228-9274-42D8-A2AF-AE19999E17E8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1471501098894" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saether, Kristian P., Jingeng, Sha, Little, Crispin T. S. &amp; Campbell, Kathleen A." docDate="2016" docId="086C87BA00191766FF45F925FB55FD15" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4154.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4154 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pratulum quinarium Marwick 1944" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="F455FFC20013176DFFD2FFDFFFECFF90" masterDocTitle="New records and a new species of bivalve (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, North Island, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698381922709" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2CB197BB3ECA6877E1545E54477D7BC6">New records and a new species of bivalve (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, North Island, New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="234DD8AEB9777BA4D9FB76A73CB16B77">Saether, Kristian P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43A8C6E041A69DE24A32C8FBACCE278F">Jingeng, Sha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88A5D6EECDC06E775C05F5DAF48E3139">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D83CEEF3FB2D7349426EF44AD245DFDA">Campbell, Kathleen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4970CDF785E4FA9FA4EE3E5F8C0D5CF3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3329385368BB3C049A62F8D935100609">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF4C14644CEE05E5E023AECD72F23904">4154</mods:number>
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<treatment id="086C87BA00191766FF45F925FB55FD15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676858" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124379700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:086C87BA00191766FF45F925FB55FD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/086C87BA00191766FF45F925FB55FD15" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C8DF652700191767FF45F925FF07F8A6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="807A36AC00191767FF45F925FD84F885" blockId="10.[151,616,1786,1846]" box="[151,616,1786,1813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="DB3281C000191767FF45F925FD84F885" bold="true" box="[151,616,1786,1813]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00191767FF45F925FD84F885" ID-CoL="4M9TY" authority="Marwick, 1944" authorityName="Marwick" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,616,1786,1813]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quinarium">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00191767FF45F925FD84F885" bold="true" box="[151,616,1786,1813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00191767FF45F925FE7FF884" bold="true" box="[151,403,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pratulum quinarium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E4544B5D00191767FE76F924FDB2F885" author="Marwick" box="[420,606,1787,1813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Marwick, J. (1944) New Zealand fossil and Recent Cardiidae (Mollusca). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 74, 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1944">Marwick, 1944</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="807A36AC00191767FF45F8C2FF07F8A6" blockId="10.[151,616,1786,1846]" box="[151,235,1821,1846]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="18FE2A2900191767FF4DF8C2FF0EF8A6" box="[159,226,1821,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1423,700,1451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pratulum quinarium (Marwick, 1944) from Moonlight North and Tauwhareparae. A. Specimen L 4653 from Moonlight North. Scale bar is 1 mm. A 1. Dorsal view. A 2. Anterior view. A 3. Lateral view of right valve. A 4. Lateral view of right valve, muscle scars highlighted. A 5. Lateral view of left valve. B. Specimen L 4664 from Tauwhareparae. Scale bar is 3 mm. B 1. Posterior view. B 2. Lateral view of left valve. B 3. Ventral view. B 4. Anterior view. B 5. Lateral view of right valve. B 6. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8DF652700191767FF45F8BAFC40F8EB" box="[151,940,1893,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="807A36AC00191767FF45F8BAFC40F8EB" blockId="10.[151,940,1893,1915]" box="[151,940,1893,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A0D5118200191767FF45F8BAFC40F8EB" box="[151,940,1893,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00191767FF45F8BAFD0FF8EB" authority="Marwick, 1944: 266" authorityName="Marwick" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,739,1893,1915]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Nemocardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quinarium" subGenus="Pratulum">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00191767FF45F8BAFEC9F8EB" box="[151,293,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nemocardium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00191767FEE6F8BAFE7FF8EB" box="[308,403,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pratulum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00191767FE70F8B9FDE0F8EB" box="[418,524,1894,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">quinarium</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="016410BD00191767FDC0F8BAFD0FF8EB" author="Marwick" box="[530,739,1893,1915]" page="266" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="E4544B5D00191767FDC0F8BAFD5CF8EB" author="Marwick" box="[530,688,1893,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Marwick, J. (1944) New Zealand fossil and Recent Cardiidae (Mollusca). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 74, 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1944">Marwick, 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 266
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; pl. 36, figs. 10, 16.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8DF652700191767FF45F877FAC9F874" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="807A36AC00191767FF45F877FAC9F874" blockId="10.[151,1436,1960,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00191767FF45F877FEEAF851" bold="true" box="[151,262,1960,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material.</emphasis>
Sixteen specimens, 12 numbered: two from Moonlight North (Y16/f0694), L4653 (
<figureCitation id="18FE2A2900191767FB0FF877FACFF851" box="[1245,1315,1960,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1423,700,1451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pratulum quinarium (Marwick, 1944) from Moonlight North and Tauwhareparae. A. Specimen L 4653 from Moonlight North. Scale bar is 1 mm. A 1. Dorsal view. A 2. Anterior view. A 3. Lateral view of right valve. A 4. Lateral view of right valve, muscle scars highlighted. A 5. Lateral view of left valve. B. Specimen L 4664 from Tauwhareparae. Scale bar is 3 mm. B 1. Posterior view. B 2. Lateral view of left valve. B 3. Ventral view. B 4. Anterior view. B 5. Lateral view of right valve. B 6. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A), L4654 (
<figureCitation id="18FE2A2900191767FF4DF813FF0FF875" box="[159,227,1996,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1423,700,1451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pratulum quinarium (Marwick, 1944) from Moonlight North and Tauwhareparae. A. Specimen L 4653 from Moonlight North. Scale bar is 1 mm. A 1. Dorsal view. A 2. Anterior view. A 3. Lateral view of right valve. A 4. Lateral view of right valve, muscle scars highlighted. A 5. Lateral view of left valve. B. Specimen L 4664 from Tauwhareparae. Scale bar is 3 mm. B 1. Posterior view. B 2. Lateral view of left valve. B 3. Ventral view. B 4. Anterior view. B 5. Lateral view of right valve. B 6. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D); 14 from Tauwhareparae (Y16/f0539), L4655 (
<figureCitation id="18FE2A2900191767FCC0F813FCB9F875" box="[786,853,1996,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1423,700,1451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pratulum quinarium (Marwick, 1944) from Moonlight North and Tauwhareparae. A. Specimen L 4653 from Moonlight North. Scale bar is 1 mm. A 1. Dorsal view. A 2. Anterior view. A 3. Lateral view of right valve. A 4. Lateral view of right valve, muscle scars highlighted. A 5. Lateral view of left valve. B. Specimen L 4664 from Tauwhareparae. Scale bar is 3 mm. B 1. Posterior view. B 2. Lateral view of left valve. B 3. Ventral view. B 4. Anterior view. B 5. Lateral view of right valve. B 6. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C), L4656–4663, L4664 (
<figureCitation id="18FE2A2900191767FBA6F813FB5BF875" box="[1140,1207,1996,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1423,700,1451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pratulum quinarium (Marwick, 1944) from Moonlight North and Tauwhareparae. A. Specimen L 4653 from Moonlight North. Scale bar is 1 mm. A 1. Dorsal view. A 2. Anterior view. A 3. Lateral view of right valve. A 4. Lateral view of right valve, muscle scars highlighted. A 5. Lateral view of left valve. B. Specimen L 4664 from Tauwhareparae. Scale bar is 3 mm. B 1. Posterior view. B 2. Lateral view of left valve. B 3. Ventral view. B 4. Anterior view. B 5. Lateral view of right valve. B 6. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272157/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B), UOA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8DF652700181766FF15FF48FB55FD15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="807A36AC00181766FF15FF48FDB9FEF4" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FF15FF48FED7FF20" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
Details of the muscle scars of
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00181766FD68FF48FB99FF20" authority="Marwick, 1944" authorityName="Marwick" authorityYear="1944" box="[698,1141,151,176]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quinarium">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FD68FF48FC4AFF20" box="[698,934,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pratulum quinarium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E4544B5D00181766FC68FF48FB81FF20" author="Marwick" box="[954,1133,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Marwick, J. (1944) New Zealand fossil and Recent Cardiidae (Mollusca). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 74, 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1944">Marwick, 1944</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
remained unobserved or unreported before this study, and are described here from a single small specimen (
<figureCitation id="18FE2A2900181766FBE9FF63FB92FF45" box="[1083,1150,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1423,700,1451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pratulum quinarium (Marwick, 1944) from Moonlight North and Tauwhareparae. A. Specimen L 4653 from Moonlight North. Scale bar is 1 mm. A 1. Dorsal view. A 2. Anterior view. A 3. Lateral view of right valve. A 4. Lateral view of right valve, muscle scars highlighted. A 5. Lateral view of left valve. B. Specimen L 4664 from Tauwhareparae. Scale bar is 3 mm. B 1. Posterior view. B 2. Lateral view of left valve. B 3. Ventral view. B 4. Anterior view. B 5. Lateral view of right valve. B 6. Dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272157/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). The anterior adductor scar is elongate dorsoventrally, rather thin anteroposteriorly; posterior adductor scar arcuate, about twice as wide (anteroposteriorly) as anterior adductor scar,
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FD49FEDAFD51FE8C" box="[667,701,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ca.</emphasis>
50% longer dorsoventrally, situated slightly lower than anterior adductor scar; pallial line entire, parallel to (antero- and postero-) ventral margin and rather distant from it (
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FA98FEF6FA87FED0" box="[1354,1387,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ca.</emphasis>
60– 70% towards margin from shell centre).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="807A36AC00181766FF15FEB0FB55FD15" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00181766FE49FEAEFDC7FE18" box="[411,555,369,392]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quinarium">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FE49FEAEFDC7FE18" box="[411,555,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. quinarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at two Lillburnian-age
<collectingCountry id="F8D2763C00181766FCE7FEAFFC27FE18" box="[821,971,367,392]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
fossil seep sites extends the stratigraphic range of this species back from its previous earliest report in the Tongaporutuan. In fact, none of the species currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00181766FE59FE68FE19FE40" box="[395,501,439,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FE59FE68FE19FE40" box="[395,501,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pratulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have ever been recorded from the Lillburnian, but the genus is known throughout the Cenozoic from Danian to Recent (
<bibRefCitation id="E4544B5D00181766FD9BFE03FCABFE64" author="Beu" box="[585,839,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Beu, A. &amp; Maxwell, P. A. (1990) Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 58, 1 - 518." type="journal article" year="1990">Beu &amp; Maxwell 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00181766FC8EFE02FC02FE64" box="[860,1006,477,500]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quinarium">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FC8EFE02FC02FE64" box="[860,1006,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. quinarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically close to
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00181766FAE0FE03FE40FD88" authority="Gray, 1843" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulchellum">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FAE0FE03FEF8FD88" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pratulum pulchellum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E4544B5D00181766FEF0FDDFFE4FFD88" author="Gray" box="[290,419,512,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gray, J. E. (1843) Catalogue of the species of Mollusca and their shells, which have hitherto been recorded as found at New Zealand, with the description of some lately discovered species. In: Dieffenbach, E. (Ed.), Travels in New Zealand; with contributions to the geography, geology, botany, and natural history of that country. Vol. II. Fauna of New Zealand. Murray, London, pp. 228 - 265." type="book chapter" year="1843">Gray, 1843</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, distinguished from it by the finer and more numerous ribs, and by the narrow interstices, well developed transverse bars and absence of tubercles on the posterior area (
<bibRefCitation id="E4544B5D00181766FBCFFDFBFB25FDAC" author="Marwick" box="[1053,1225,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Marwick, J. (1944) New Zealand fossil and Recent Cardiidae (Mollusca). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 74, 255 - 272." type="journal article" year="1944">Marwick 1944</bibRefCitation>
). At
<quantity id="473D9B4900181766FAD1FDFBFA91FDAC" box="[1283,1405,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 mm</quantity>
in length,
<taxonomicName id="47C54D2F00181766FF38FD96FE96FDF0" box="[234,378,585,608]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Pratulum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quinarium">
<emphasis id="B2B1EABE00181766FF38FD96FE96FDF0" box="[234,378,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. quinarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is among the smallest of
<collectingCountry id="F8D2763C00181766FD47FD97FCC7FDF0" box="[661,811,583,608]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
cardiids. The specimens were predominantly found in a single aggregation at Tauwhareparae, reflecting a gregarious habit that is typical for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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