treatments-xml/data/6F/F9/37/6FF937BD7D705EB6A5CA8C31FFE9F97E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-193-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5D1EDAE1E7F359E1B501BAE026EA7330" ModsDocID="1314-2003-193-67" checkinTime="1648057125403" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Christopher, Bjoerk, Curtis R. &amp; Whitton, Jeannette" docDate="2022" docId="6FF937BD7D705EB6A5CA8C31FFE9F97E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 193: 67-75" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 193" docPubDate="2022-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365" docTitle="Townsendia lemhiensis C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="5D1EDAE1E7F359E1B501BAE026EA7330" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="5D1EDAE1E7F359E1B501BAE026EA7330" masterDocTitle="Townsendia lemhiensis (Asteraceae, Astereae): A narrowly endemic new species from Idaho, USA" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1648057125403" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Townsendia lemhiensis (Asteraceae, Astereae): A narrowly endemic new species from Idaho, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lee, Christopher</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-8514</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chris.lee@monash.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bjoerk, Curtis R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Whitton, Jeannette</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, The University of British Columbia 3156 - 6270 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-03-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number>193</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-193-67</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6FF937BD7D705EB6A5CA8C31FFE9F97E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FF937BD7D705EB6A5CA8C31FFE9F97E" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName LSID="6FF937BD-7D70-5EB6-A5CA-8C31FFE9F97E" authority="C. Lee, Björk &amp; Whitton" authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis" status="sp. nov.">
Townsendia lemhiensis C.Lee, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
&amp; Whitton
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
29248
</emphasis>
(UBC V252324) 20 May 2012. USA, Idaho, Lemhi County, 18 Mile Wilderness Area, ca. 24 km SSE of Leadore, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.44806" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.44806">44.44806°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.17222" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-113.17222">113.17222°W</geoCoordinate>
, on dry ashy white soil on slope (7368 ft) in sagebrush steppe (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A habitat of the type locality of Townsendia lemhiensis B habit of Townsendia lemhiensis at the type locality C close-up of Townsendia lemhiensis capitulum D close-up of Townsendia lemhiensis phyllaries. Photos A-B by Bjoerk; Photos C-D by Whitton." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/661631" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">1A</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
30627
</emphasis>
(UBC V252325) 14 May 2013. USA, Idaho, Lemhi County, 18 Mile Wilderness Area, on a ridge crest near the middle road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.46707" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.46707">44.46707°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.22570" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-113.2257">113.22570°W</geoCoordinate>
, on ashy white slope, sparsely vegetated, soil derived from tuff conglomerates, in upper elevation (6968 ft) sagebrush steppe in intermontane valley; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
30772
</emphasis>
(UBC V252326) 21 May 2013. USA, Idaho, Lemhi County, 18 Mile Wilderness Area, south of McFarland Road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.48000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.48">44.48000°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.20333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-113.20333">113.20333°W</geoCoordinate>
, on ashy white flats and slopes, sparsely vegetated, in upper elevation (6857 ft) sagebrush steppe in intermontane valley; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Whitton 252</emphasis>
(UBC V252322) 13 May 2018. USA, Idaho, Lemhi County, 18 Mile Wilderness Area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.47293" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.47293">44.47293°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.20670" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-113.2067">113.20670°W</geoCoordinate>
, on open hillside (7355 ft) with sparse sagebrush and antelope brush on grey-brown rocky substrate; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Whitton 256</emphasis>
(UBC V252323) 14 May 2018. USA, Idaho, Lemhi County, 18 Mile Wilderness Area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.44530" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.4453">44.44530°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="113.17541" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-113.17541">113.17541°W</geoCoordinate>
, on exposed rocky slope (7371 ft), in areas of grey-white substrate, with bunchgrass, and antelope brush.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/661631" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
habitat of the type locality of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
habit of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the type locality 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
close-up of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
capitulum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
close-up of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phyllaries. Photos A-B by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
; Photos C-D by Whitton.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Ab 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia spathulata" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia spathulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pappi ad maturitatem persistens, series phyllariorum pauciores, pilis caulibus sericeus non villosus, folia non carnosa differt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Plants perennial, 25-30 mm tall, rosette forming, rosettes 8-17 mm wide, solitary or (more often) arising from a few-branched caudex; stems essentially absent, or when visible, then villosulous; leaves 4-14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2 mm, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, silvery, moderately sericeous but not villous, apex acute; capitula one per fertile rosette, sessile or nearly so; involucre campanulate, 9-10 mm wide, phyllaries appressed, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 6-7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 mm, graduated, in 2-3 series, reddish brown, sericeous, apex acute to acuminate; ray florets 15-24, pistillate; ray corollas true ray, 7-8 mm long, surpassing pappus bristles, light brownish pink or whitish and tipped in pink, slightly darker abaxially, aglandular; disc florets 24-30, functionally pistillate; disc corollas tubular, 4 mm long, shortly surpassed by the pappus bristles, yellow, aglandular; stamens reduced to strap-like staminodes, anthers and pollen absent; cypselae 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 mm, oblanceolate and compressed, with glochidiate hairs; pappus bristles 23-26 in disc florets, 14-20 in ray florets, 6-7 mm long, white, barbellate, persistent. (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A habitat of the type locality of Townsendia lemhiensis B habit of Townsendia lemhiensis at the type locality C close-up of Townsendia lemhiensis capitulum D close-up of Townsendia lemhiensis phyllaries. Photos A-B by Bjoerk; Photos C-D by Whitton." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/661631" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">1B-D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A capitulum B outer involucral bract C inner involucral bract D ray floret E disc floret F mature disc cypsela. Photos by Spencer Goyette (UBC Herbarium)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/661632" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">2A-F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.76365.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/661632" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
capitulum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
outer involucral bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
inner involucral bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
ray floret 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
disc floret 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
mature disc cypsela. Photos by Spencer Goyette (UBC Herbarium).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named after the Lemhi Valley, Idaho, where individuals of this species were first noticed by Curtis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the Lemhi Valley in east-central Idaho, which is situated within a region known for its numerous geographically endemic plants (
<bibRefCitation author="Moseley, RK" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" publicationUrl="https://idfg.idaho.gov/ifwis/idnhp/cdc_pdf/moser89m.pdf" refId="B11" refString="Moseley, RK, Conley, JM, 1989. Field investigation of seven rare plants in the southern Lemhi Range and Beaverhead Mountains, Dubois Ranger District, Targhee National Forest. Idaho Departement of Fish &amp; Game, Boise. https://idfg.idaho.gov/ifwis/idnhp/cdc_pdf/moser89m.pdf" title="Field investigation of seven rare plants in the southern Lemhi Range and Beaverhead Mountains, Dubois Ranger District, Targhee National Forest. Idaho Departement of Fish &amp; Game, Boise." url="https://idfg.idaho.gov/ifwis/idnhp/cdc_pdf/moser89m.pdf" year="1989">Moseley and Conley 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Moseley, RK" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" publicationUrl="https://idfg.idaho.gov/ifwis/idnhp/cdc_pdf/moser90g.pdf" refId="B12" refString="Moseley, RK, Mancuso, M, Hilty, J, Conley, JM, 1990. Field investigation and status survey of Penstemon lemhiensis (Lemhi penstemon) in Idaho. Idaho Department of Fish &amp; Game, Boise. https://idfg.idaho.gov/ifwis/idnhp/cdc_pdf/moser90g.pdf" title="Field investigation and status survey of Penstemon lemhiensis (Lemhi penstemon) in Idaho. Idaho Department of Fish &amp; Game, Boise." url="https://idfg.idaho.gov/ifwis/idnhp/cdc_pdf/moser90g.pdf" year="1990">Moseley et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ertter, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="57 - 70" publicationUrl="http://iase.website/jias_28-2" refId="B7" refString="Ertter, B, Moseley, B, 1992. Floristic regions of Idaho. Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science 28 (2): 57 - 70, http://iase.website/jias_28-2" title="Floristic regions of Idaho." url="http://iase.website/jias_28-2" volume="28" year="1992">Ertter and Moseley 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The species has been found in three populations, within an area of 4.9 km2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on ashy white slopes of eroded rhyolite tuff. These slopes of powdery soils and friable rock are sparsely vegetated, forming edaphic islands of open ground within a more densely vegetated surrounding matrix of sagebrush steppe. Numerous other plants having narrow geographical ranges occupy similar ashy slopes elsewhere in dry interior regions of western North America (
<bibRefCitation author="Grimes, JW" journalOrPublisher="Madrono" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="80 - 85" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41424476" refId="B8" refString="Grimes, JW, 1984. Notes on the flora of Leslie Gulch, Malheur County, Oregon. Madrono 31 (2): 80 - 85, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41424476" title="Notes on the flora of Leslie Gulch, Malheur County, Oregon." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41424476" volume="31" year="1984">Grimes 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1663/0007-196X(2004)056[0295:ESPEAN]2.0.CO;2" author="Reveal, JL" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B13" refString="Reveal, JL, Bjoerk, CR, 2004. Eriogonum soliceps (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae), a new species from east-central Idaho and southwestern Montana. Brittonia 51(4): 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1663/0007-196X(2004)056[0295:ESPEAN]2.0.CO;2" title="Eriogonum soliceps (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae), a new species from east-central Idaho and southwestern Montana. Brittonia 51 (4): 295 - 298." url="https://doi.org/10.1663/0007-196X(2004)056[0295:ESPEAN]2.0.CO;2" year="2004">
Reveal and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-64.1.22" author="Brown, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Madrono" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="22 - 31" refId="B4" refString="Brown, BJ, Mansfield, DH, 2017. Edaphic and geographic origins of varietal differentiation in Eriogonum calcareum. Madrono 64 (1): 22 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-64.1.22" title="Edaphic and geographic origins of varietal differentiation in Eriogonum calcareum." url="https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-64.1.22" volume="64" year="2017">Brown and Mansfield 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The Lemhi Valley is lined on the east and west by alpine ridges, and the valley floor sits at a high elevation, making it cooler than the sagebrush steppes both further south on the adjacent Snake River Plains and further north in the Salmon-Challis Valleys region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Associated species growing with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Lee, Bjoerk &amp; Whitton" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia lemhiensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the ashy slopes include: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia frigida" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Artemisia frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Willd., 1838, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="tridentata" subSpecies="wyomingensis">Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis</taxonomicName>
Beetle &amp; A.L.Young, 1965, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chaenactis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chaenactis douglasii" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="douglasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Chaenactis douglasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook. &amp; Arn., 1839, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Comandraceae" genus="Comandra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Comandra pallida" order="Santalales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Comandra pallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.DC., 1857, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Cymopterus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cymopterus bipinnatus" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Cymopterus bipinnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S.Wats., 1885, 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elymus lanceolatus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Elymus lanceolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Scribn. and J.G.Sm.) Gould, 1949, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Eriogonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriogonum mancum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mancum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Eriogonum mancum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rydb., 1917, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Eriogonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriogonum soliceps" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="soliceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Eriogonum soliceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reveal &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Björk">Bjoerk</normalizedToken>
, 2004, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polemoniaceae" genus="Ipomopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomopsis spicata subsp. orchidacea" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="spicata" subSpecies="orchidacea">Ipomopsis spicata subsp. orchidacea</taxonomicName>
(Brand) D.Wilken &amp; R.L.Hartm., 1991, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Linaceae" genus="Linum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linum lewisii subsp. var. var. alpicola" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="lewisii" subSpecies="var." variety="alpicola">Linum lewisii var. alpicola</taxonomicName>
Jeps., 1936, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Oreocarya" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oreocarya humilis" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Oreocarya humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Greene, 1896, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Packera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Packera cana" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Packera cana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hook.) W.A.Weber &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Á.Löve">A.Loeve</normalizedToken>
, 1981, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Penstemon" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Penstemon humilis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Penstemon humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nutt. ex A.Gray, 1862, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polemoniaceae" genus="Phlox" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phlox muscoides" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Phlox muscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nutt., 1831, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Stenotus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenotus acaulis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acaulis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Stenotus acaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nutt.) Nutt., 1840, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia hookeri" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Beaman, 1957, 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. leptotes" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="leptotes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. leptotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A.Gray) Osterh., 1908, and 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. parryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="parryi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. parryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.C.Eaton, 1874.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
We observed 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. lemhiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in flower in mid-May over three years (2012, 2013, 2018). At this time, some individuals had some capitula in bud, and others had mature seeds or open flowers. On this basis, we describe flowering as likely occurring throughout May, and seedset through late May or possibly into June. Further studies are needed to document the timing of bud formation, and potential variation in flowering and fruiting phenology. Another early-flowering species, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia hookeri" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, co-occurs with 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. lemhiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and has been observed to set buds in fall that open soon after snow melt (Lee and Whitton, personal observation). Given the early flowering of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. lemhiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="lemhiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. lemhiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the presence of snow patches persisting in surrounding areas, we suspect fall bud set may also occur in this species. Co-occurring species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Townsendia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Townsendia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Townsendia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found on site in bud (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. parryi" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="parryi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. parryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and late-bud (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. leptotes" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="leptotes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. leptotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. hookeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>