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<mods:title id="D41B88B646331FFD0E6A08EF14ED2ACE">Cryptic diversity of South African trapdoor spiders: Three new species of Stasimopus Simon, 1892 (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), and redescription of Stasimopus robertsi Hewitt, 1910</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D09345034FCF2C878" authority="Simon, 1892" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[530,814,281,308]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D09345034FD48C87F" box="[530,660,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D09BD5037FCF2C878" author="Simon, E." box="[667,814,281,307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref16469" refString="Simon, E. 1892. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris: Librairie Encycopedique de Roret." type="book" year="1892">Simon, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="C95A616FDA54884D0B5E5048FE78C835" author="Simon, E." box="[120,420,358,382]" page="82" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1892">
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0B5E5048FE78C835" authority="Simon, 1892: 82" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1892" box="[120,420,358,382]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0B5E5048FF32C836" box="[120,238,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D0BD35048FE78C835" author="Simon, E." box="[245,420,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref16469" refString="Simon, E. 1892. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris: Librairie Encycopedique de Roret." type="book" year="1892">Simon, 1892: 82</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="C95A616FDA54884D0A895048FD7BC835" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[431,679,358,382]" page="726" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D0A895048FD7BC835" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[431,679,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="724 - 774" refId="ref16018" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1897. On the spiders of the suborder Mygalomorphae from the Ethiopian region, contained in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 65 (3): 724 - 774." type="journal article" year="1897">Pocock, 1897: 726728</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C95A616FDA54884D09955048FC44C835" author="Hewitt, J." box="[691,920,358,382]" page="75" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D09955048FC44C835" author="Hewitt, J." box="[691,920,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref15782" refString="Hewitt, J. 1915 a. Descriptions of new South African Arachnida. Records of the Albany Museum 3: 70 - 106." type="journal article" year="1915">Hewitt, 1915a: 7585</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C95A616FDA54884D08855048FBB5C835" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[931,1129,358,382]" page="159" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D08855048FBB5C835" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[931,1129,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 1040" refId="ref16446" refString="Roewer, C. F. 1942. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Bremen 1: 1 - 1040." type="journal article" year="1942">Roewer, 1942: 159</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C95A616FDA54884D0F525048FECDC8EB" author="Raven, R. J." page="143" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D0F525048FECDC8EB" author="Raven, R. J." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref16409" refString="Raven, R. J. 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182 (1): 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Raven, 1985: 143</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C95A616FDA54884D0A3A50A6FD4AC8EB" author="Dippenaar Schoeman, A. S." box="[284,662,392,416]" page="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D0A3A50A6FD4AC8EB" author="Dippenaar Schoeman, A. S." box="[284,662,392,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref15406" refString="Dippenaar Schoeman, A. S. 2002. Baboon and trapdoor spiders of southern Africa: an identification manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 13. Pretoria: Agricultural Research Council." type="book" year="2002">Dippenaar Schoeman, 2002: 3138</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0B8E50F9FCD2C8BA" blockId="7.[120,1225,471,1132]" box="[168,782,471,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="F8934D23DA54884D0B8E50F9FCD6C8BA" box="[168,778,471,497]" collectionCode="SPECIES" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9740F9DCDA54884D0B8E50F9FF3FC8BA" box="[168,227,471,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="2EEADFBBDA54884D0BCD50F9FE97C8BA" box="[235,331,471,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SPECIES</collectionCode>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0A7050F9FCD6C8BA" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[342,778,471,497]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffrus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0A7050F9FDF1C8BA" box="[342,557,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus caffrus</emphasis>
(C.L. Koch, 1842)
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0B8E50D2FCC9CAC7" blockId="7.[120,1225,471,1132]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
DIAGNOSIS:
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0A1C50D2FE62CB5D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[314,446,508,534]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0A1C50D2FE62CB5D" box="[314,446,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently placed in the family
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D086150D2FC15CB5D" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" box="[839,969,508,534]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenizidae</taxonomicName>
, based on the following putative synapomorphies (
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D0ACB530CFD19CB77" author="Raven, R. J." box="[493,709,545,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref16409" refString="Raven, R. J. 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182 (1): 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Raven, 1985: 140</bibRefCitation>
): chelicerae with two rows of teeth; outer surface of fangs smooth; carapace fovea strongly procurved; male pedipalpal bulb simple, pyriform; first two pairs of legs, distal segments with dense patches of short spines on lateral surfaces (females); tarsi with three claws; paired claws with few teeth (females); distal segment of posterior spinnerets domed. Species of
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D09925399FCE4CB9A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[692,824,695,721]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D09925399FCE4CB9A" box="[692,824,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from other ctenizid genera based on the following combination of characters (
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D09C353F2FC29CBBD" author="Raven, R. J." box="[741,1013,732,759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref16409" refString="Raven, R. J. 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182 (1): 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Raven, 1985: 142143</bibRefCitation>
): anterior lobe of maxillae anteriorly produced; group of ocelli twice as wide as long; leg III tibia not excavated dorsally. The monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0AF15209FD81CA0A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[471,605,807,833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0AF15209FD81CA0A" box="[471,605,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently untested but presumed based on the conservative morphology of its component species, and it is the only ctenizid known to occur in southern Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="2C6A3A8FDA54884D0A92525FFCD5CAC7" author="Dippenaar Schoeman, A. S." box="[436,777,881,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref15406" refString="Dippenaar Schoeman, A. S. 2002. Baboon and trapdoor spiders of southern Africa: an identification manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 13. Pretoria: Agricultural Research Council." type="book" year="2002">Dippenaar Schoeman, 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00E114F5DA54884D0B8E52B9FC07CC5A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0B8E52B9FECFCD6A" blockId="7.[120,1225,471,1132]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
DISTRIBUTION: The genus
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0AF852B9FDBCCAFA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[478,608,919,945]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0AF852B9FDBCCAFA" box="[478,608,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D087452B9FC3BCAFA" box="[850,999,919,945]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D0F0752B9FBA3CAFA" box="[1057,1151,919,945]" name="Lesotho" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
(table 1). It has been recorded in all provinces of
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D09A35292FCC1CA9D" box="[645,797,956,982]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
except
<collectingRegion id="8A3F899CDA54884D085A5292FC37CA9D" box="[892,1003,956,982]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
. Given the known distribution, this genus will probably also be recorded in
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D080152CCFC47CAB7" box="[807,923,994,1020]" name="Botswana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Botswana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D088E52CFFBD3CAB0" box="[936,1039,993,1019]" name="Namibia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D0F7452CFFB14CAB0" box="[1106,1224,993,1019]" name="Swaziland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
in the future.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0B8E5502FC1BCD27" blockId="7.[120,1225,471,1132]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">INCLUDED TAXA: The description of three new species in the present contribution raises the number of infrageneric taxa recognized in the genus to 48 (table 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0AAC55FCFC07CC5A" blockId="7.[394,997,1233,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="F8934D23DA54884D0AAC55FCFC07CC5A" country="South Africa" location="Gauteng" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gauteng">
Key to adult males of four
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D09E155FCFC7FCDA0" box="[711,931,1233,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D09E155FCFC95CDA7" box="[711,841,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stasimopus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="8A3F899CDA54884D0AB355D9FE24CC5A" box="[405,504,1271,1297]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gauteng</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="8A3F899CDA54884D091255D9FD61CC5A" box="[564,701,1271,1297]" country="South Africa" name="North West" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">North West</collectingRegion>
provinces,
<collectingCountry id="30EC07EEDA54884D086355D9FC07CC5A" box="[837,987,1271,1297]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00E114F5DA54884D0BA15461FB1FCF94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="key">
<key id="3C6A104FDA54884D0BA15461FB1FCF94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyStep id="F30F5FDBDA54884D0BA15461FB18CC92" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0BA15461FB1ECCC5" blockId="7.[134,1223,1359,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="F30AE44BDA54884D0BA15461FB1ECCC5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1. Legs I and II, spinules within tarsal scopulae present (figs. 12F, 19F, 23F); abdomen, dorsal surface blue (fig. 2A, C, E)................................................................................................2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0BA054B4FB18CC92" blockId="7.[134,1223,1359,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="F30AE44BDA54884D0BA054B4FB18CC92" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Legs I and II, spinules within tarsal scopulae absent (fig. 8F); abdomen, dorsal surface black.....................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0F765491FB18CC92" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1910" box="[1104,1220,1471,1497]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0F765491FB18CC92" box="[1104,1220,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. robertsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F30F5FDBDA54884D0BA154CAFB1DCF02" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0BA154CAFB18CF6F" blockId="7.[134,1223,1359,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="F30AE44BDA54884D0BA154CAFB18CF6F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
2. Carapace fovea with prominent, posteriorly inclined hornlike protuberance (figs. 21A, C, 22A, C)............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0F285724FBABCF68" authority="Engelbrecht &amp; Prendini, 2012" authorityName="Engelbrecht &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2012" box="[1038,1143,1545,1572]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filmeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0F285724FBABCF68" box="[1038,1143,1545,1572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. filmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61BC2617DA54884D0FA05724FB18CF6F" box="[1158,1220,1546,1572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0BA05701FB1DCF02" blockId="7.[134,1223,1359,1759]" box="[134,1217,1583,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="F30AE44BDA54884D0BA05701FB1DCF02" box="[134,1217,1583,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> Carapace fovea without posteriorly inclined hornlike protuberance.....................................3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F30F5FDBDA54884D0BA1577AFB1FCF94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0BA1577AFB1BCFDF" blockId="7.[134,1223,1359,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="F30AE44BDA54884D0BA1577AFB1BCFDF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
4. Pedipalp reaching distal end of leg I when both extended; leg I tibia convex in lateral profile (fig. 19C).................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D08D35754FBA5CFDF" authority="Engelbrecht &amp; Prendini, 2012" authorityName="Engelbrecht &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2012" box="[1013,1145,1658,1684]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griswoldi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D08D35754FBA5CFDF" box="[1013,1145,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. griswoldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61BC2617DA54884D0FAE5754FB1BCFDF" box="[1160,1223,1658,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4844477EDA54884D0BA057B1FB1FCF94" blockId="7.[134,1223,1359,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<keyLead id="F30AE44BDA54884D0BA057B1FB1FCF94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Pedipalp reaching metatarsus of leg I when both extended; leg I tibia sublinear in lateral profile (fig. 12C)........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="8FFB3CFDDA54884D0F2F57EBFBAACF95" authority="Engelbrecht &amp; Prendini, 2012" authorityName="Engelbrecht &amp; Prendini" authorityYear="2012" box="[1033,1142,1732,1759]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Stasimopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewitti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7A8F9B6CDA54884D0F2F57EBFBAACF95" box="[1033,1142,1732,1759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. hewitti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61BC2617DA54884D0FA257EBFB1FCF94" box="[1156,1219,1733,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>